8/10 Spinal cord
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The spinal cord extends from the brain and acts as a conduit for motor and sensory information traveling between the brain and body. It coordinates reflexes and is divided into five regions - cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx - each having a specific function in supporting the head, protecting organs, and bearing weight. The spinal cord can be damaged in many ways, such as being cut, compressed, or affected by disease, resulting in various symptoms depending on the location of injury or damage.
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The skeletal system has 5 main functions: providing shape, support, protection, assisting with movement, and producing blood cells. It is composed of 206 bones that make up the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, while the appendicular includes the upper and lower limbs. The bones of the skeletal system come in different shapes and serve important structural and protective roles for the body.
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Long bones are the longest bones in the body like the femur, humerus, and tibia. They have a shaft longer than wide with growth plates at the ends and a hard outer layer of compact bone surrounding spongy cancellous bone and marrow. Both ends are covered in cartilage.
Short bones like the carpals and tarsals are approximately as wide as long and provide support and stability with little movement. They have a thin compact outer layer surrounding cancellous bone and marrow.
Flat bones such as the scapula, sternum, skull bones, and ribs are plate-like bones that protect organs and provide muscle attachment. They have compact bone on the surfaces and cancellous bone in the
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Fixed joints do not move and are connected by fibrous connective tissue, like the skull bones. Slightly moveable joints allow a small amount of movement and are connected firmly by cartilage, such as the vertebrae. Most body joints are synovial joints, which are freely moveable and surrounded by an articular capsule containing synovial fluid to lubricate the joints, making them prone to injuries like dislocations.
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This document provides an introduction to osteology, the study of bones. It defines osteology and discusses the classification, structure, and microscopic features of bones. The key points covered are:
1. Bones are classified based on their position in the body as either axial or appendicular, and based on their shape as long, short, flat, irregular, or sesamoid.
2. Bones are composed of compact cortical bone and cancellous spongy bone. Long bones specifically have a diaphysis and two epiphyses.
3. Bones are living tissues with osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes that remodel the matrix of collagen fibers, hydroxyapatite crystals,
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The document summarizes the anatomy of the equine forelimb and shoulder. It describes the bones, joints, muscles and other structures. Key points include:
- The scapula lacks an acromion and has a tuber scapular halfway along its spine. The humerus has greater and lesser tubercles.
- The radius and ulna are fused so movement is only in the sagittal plane. They are joined by ligaments proximally and fused distally.
- Major muscles include the trapezius, brachiocephalic, latissimus dorsi, and pectoral which act to protract and retract the limb. Intrinsic shoulder muscles include the delto
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Group 4 Spinal-Cord-ppt.pptx BPED PED 119
The spinal cord is a cylindrical structure running from the brainstem down the center of the spine. It carries nerve signals between the brain and body to control movement, sensation, and reflexes. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebral column and surrounded by meninges. It has grey matter containing neurons in a butterfly shape surrounded by white matter tracts. Spinal nerves branch out from the spinal cord, carrying signals to and from different body regions. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves grouped into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves.
Axial Skeleton
The document provides an overview of the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. Key points include:
- The skull is made up of cranial and facial bones that form the cranium and face, protecting the brain and organs. Sutures connect the bones.
- The vertebral column consists of 26 bones including 24 vertebrae that provide support, protect the spinal cord, and allow movement.
- The thoracic cage is made up of ribs and sternum, forming a protective structure around vital chest organs.
Skeletal System
The skeletal system consists of 206 bones that form the framework of the body. It has several important functions including support, protection, movement, production of blood cells, and storage of minerals. The skeletal system can be divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton which includes the upper and lower limbs. There are several common bone problems that can occur like fractures, dislocations, sprains, and arthritis.
Chapter 7&8
There are 206 bones in the human body grouped into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes 80 bones that make up the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. It forms the central core and foundation of the body. The appendicular skeleton includes 126 bones arranged in the upper and lower limbs, including their attaching girdles, forming the shoulders, arms, legs and allowing for movement.
The skeletal system
The document discusses the skeletal system and its components. It describes bones as rigid tissues that provide structure, protect organs, and enable mobility. It notes the skeletal system consists of bones and connective tissues like cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. It provides details on specific bones like the skull, spine, ribs, and joints. It also describes the three types of muscles - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac - and their functions.
Mammalian Skeleton
The mammalian skeleton is an endoskeleton located inside the body. It is made up of bones and cartilage and is divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, ribs and sternum, and vertebral column. The appendicular skeleton includes the limbs and limb girdles. The skeleton provides structure and protection to the body and aids in movement.
Humanskeletalsystem 091101004224-phpapp02
The document provides information about the human skeletal system including:
1) It describes the two main parts of the vertebrate skeletal system - the axial skeleton which includes the skull, spine and ribs, and the appendicular skeleton which includes the shoulders, arms, hips and legs.
2) It outlines the different bones that make up the human skull including the cranium, facial bones, and auditory ossicles. It also discusses the structure of typical vertebrae and describes the different regions of the vertebral column.
3) It provides details on other bones such as the ribs, sternum, pelvis and the bones that make up the upper and lower limbs. It concludes with an overview of the
Human skeleton system
The document discusses the human skeleton. It is divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribs, and protects vital organs like the brain, lungs, and heart. It has around 206 bones that provide structure, allow movement, protect internal organs, produce blood cells, and store minerals. The appendicular skeleton attaches to the axial skeleton and includes the shoulder and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limb bones, enabling locomotion. There are different joint types that permit various ranges of motion.
skeletal system
The musculoskeletal system consists of the skeletal and muscular systems. The skeletal system includes 206 bones that make up the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage) and appendicular skeleton (shoulder and pelvic girdles, upper and lower limbs). Bones develop through the processes of ossification and remodeling. The skeletal system works with muscles to allow movement and protect organs.
Unit 4 the skeletal system
The skeletal system consists of 206 bones that form the framework of the body. There are two main parts - the axial skeleton along the body's central axis including the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage, and the appendicular skeleton of the limbs. The axial skeleton has 80 bones and protects internal organs. The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones and includes the shoulder and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limbs. Together the skeletal system provides structure, movement, protection, blood cell production, mineral storage, and triglyceride reserves for the body.
Skeletal System 1
The skeletal system is composed of bones and connective tissues that provide structure, support, protection, movement, and mineral storage. There are four main bone types - long bones in the limbs, short bones in the wrists and ankles, flat bones in the skull and trunk, and irregular bones like the vertebrae. Bones have external features like ridges and internal structures like compact and spongy bone. The spinal column consists of 33 vertebrae that are specialized in different regions and enable movement while protecting the spinal cord.
13 premedical motor_mechanism
The document summarizes key aspects of the human skeletal system including its functions of support, movement, protection and blood cell production. It describes the main components of the skeletal system such as bones, joints and ligaments. It provides classifications of bones, joints and muscles. Key facts presented include that the adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones, and examples of the different types of joints like ball-and-socket and hinge joints.
Human Skeletal system
The skeletal system includes all of the bones and joints in the body. Each bone is a complex living organ that is made up of many cells, protein fibers, and minerals. The skeleton acts as a scaffold by providing support and protection for the soft tissues that make up the rest of the body. The skeletal system also provides attachment points for muscles to allow movements at the joints. New blood cells are produced by the red bone marrow inside of our bones.
Skelton system poster
1. The skeletal system consists of 206 bones and connective tissues like cartilage, tendons, and ligaments that provide structure and support to the body.
2. The skeletal system has several key functions - it facilitates movement by providing attachment points for muscles, provides support and protection to internal organs, stores minerals, and forms red and white blood cells in bone marrow.
3. There are four basic bone shapes: long bones in the arms, legs, and fingers; short bones in the wrists and ankles; flat bones in the skull and sternum; and irregular bones in the spine. The poster describes the structure of several specific bones.
2. Organization of the body FULL pp.pptx
MmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
Locomotor system
The document discusses the locomotor system, which includes the skeletal system, joints, and muscles that allow for movement of the body. It is composed of bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. There are three types of muscles - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement, and mineral storage. It is divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage) and appendicular skeleton (shoulder girdle, upper and lower limbs). Joints connect bones and allow different types of movement.
The human body system
This document provides an overview of the human body systems, including the skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system, respiratory system, and digestive system. It begins with an introduction and table of contents. The main sections describe the components, functions, and key facts about each body system. Diagrams and images are included to illustrate different bones, muscles, organs, and processes. The text provides a high-level educational summary of multiple important systems within the human body.
Anatomy of athlete
This document provides an in-depth overview of the skeletal and muscular systems as they relate to analyzing human movement and developing conditioning programs for athletes. It examines the structure and functions of the skeletal system including bones, joints, and growth. It also explores the structure of synovial joints and the various movements they allow. The goal is to explain these systems and how knowledge of them can be applied to analyzing muscle actions and developing training programs.
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM ppt.pptx
The skeletal system provides support and protection for the body’s internal organs and gives the muscles a point of attachment. Humans have an endoskeleton, where our bones lie underneath our skin and muscles. In other animals, such as insects, there is an exoskeleton on the outside of the body.
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Reproductive system day3
The document discusses human reproduction and the menstrual cycle. It describes the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, in which haploid gametes are produced through meiosis. Spermatogenesis results in four sperm cells from each meiosis event in males, while oogenesis results in a single ovum and three polar bodies from each meiosis event in females. The document then explains the menstrual cycle, which occurs monthly in females and involves the thickening of the uterine lining in preparation for pregnancy, ovulation of a single ovum, and shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur.
Reproductive system day2
The document discusses puberty and adolescent development. It describes the physical changes that occur during puberty for both males and females, such as growth of body hair, breast development, and changes to the reproductive system. It also explains that adolescents experience a peak in dopamine levels that makes risk-taking and peer relationships more rewarding during this developmental period. While this can lead to risky behaviors, it is an adaptive and normal part of developing independence from one's family. The document advises that parents can best support adolescents by offering guidance while still encouraging independence.
Reproductive system day2
The document discusses puberty and adolescent development. It describes the physical changes that occur during puberty for both males and females, such as growth of body hair, breast development, and changes to the reproductive system. It notes that adolescence is a period of rapid growth second only to infancy. The document also examines risk-taking behavior in teens and explains this is partly due to brain development and the rewarding effects of dopamine and oxytocin when with peers. Finally, it suggests parents can help by offering guidance but also allowing independence as teens separate from their family to establish their own identity.
10/10 The senses
The document discusses the five main human senses - touch, taste, smell, hearing and sight. It describes the key components of each sensory system, including skin receptors, taste buds, the nose, ears, eyes and retina. Each sense is specialized to receive a different type of stimulus from the environment and transmit that sensory information to the brain via specialized nerves.
9/10 The cerebrum
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain located in the upper region. It contains over 9 billion of the brain's 12 billion neurons. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres and four lobes in each hemisphere that control different functions like vision, motor skills, memory, and speech. Communication between the hemispheres occurs through connecting nerve fibers so that the left hemisphere typically controls the right side of the body and vice versa.
7/10 Other senses
The document discusses several other human senses beyond the traditional five. It describes thermoception, which is the sense of heat and cold. It explains proprioception, which provides information about the relative positions of the body parts. It details nociception, which detects potential tissue damage and triggers pain. It also outlines equilibrioception, which is the sense of balance and helps prevent falling over. The cerebellum helps coordinate unconscious aspects of proprioception and balance.
5/10 Nervous system revised
The nervous system has several key functions including controlling the respiratory center and relaying information about stimuli like pain, hunger, and full bladders. The nervous system receives information through nerve cells, interprets it, and causes the body to respond. Nerve cells are made up of dendrites that receive stimuli, an axon that carries impulses, and a nucleus. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral nerves. The autonomic nervous system has sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions that control involuntary functions.
5/10 Nervous system revised
The nervous system has several key functions including controlling the respiratory center and relaying information about stimuli like pain, hunger, and full bladders. The nervous system is made up of nerve cells called neurons that receive, interpret, and respond to information. Neurons have dendrites that receive stimuli, an axon that carries impulses, and a nucleus. Neuroglia provide protection and nourishment to neurons but do not transmit impulses. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord while the peripheral nervous system includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral nerves.
5/10 Nervous system revised
The nervous system has several key functions including controlling the respiratory center and relaying information about stimuli like pain, hunger, and full bladders. The nervous system receives information through nerve cells, interprets it, and causes the body to respond. Nerve cells are made up of dendrites that receive stimuli, an axon that carries impulses, and a nucleus. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system, while the peripheral nervous system includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral nerves. The autonomic nervous system has sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions that control involuntary functions.
6/10 Neurological disorders
Neurological disorders are disorders of the nervous system that can cause symptoms like paralysis, weakness, poor coordination, sensory changes, seizures, confusion, pain, and altered consciousness. Some common neurological disorders include Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, dystonias, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and stroke. Huntington's disease is a genetic neurological disorder that causes movement, cognitive, and behavioral problems. Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that results from the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra.
4/10 Endocrine system
The endocrine system communicates through hormones secreted by various glands to control body functions. The major glands include the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the brain, the thyroid and parathyroid glands in the neck, the adrenal glands on the kidneys, the pineal gland in the brain, and cells in the pancreas and reproductive organs. Hormones regulate processes like metabolism, growth, mood, and stress response without the need for ducts by circulating in the bloodstream to target tissues.
3/10 Diencephalon
The diencephalon is the region of the vertebrate forebrain situated between the cerebrum and brain stem. It develops from the most anterior part of the neural tube and contains four main components - the thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. The diencephalon relays sensory information between brain regions, controls autonomic functions, and connects the nervous and endocrine systems to generate emotions and memories.
2/10 Brain stem
The brainstem is the lower extension of the brain that connects to the spinal cord. It contains neurological functions necessary for survival like breathing, digestion, heart rate and blood pressure. Most cranial nerves originate from the brainstem. It is an important part of the brain as nerve connections between the main brain and body pass through it, including pathways for motor functions, touch/vibration/proprioception, and pain/temperature. The brainstem consists of the medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons, each serving relay and reflex functions.
1/10 cerebellum
The document discusses various aspects of the cerebellum and cerebellar disorders:
1) The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain below the cerebrum and plays an important role in motor coordination and balance. Damage or dysfunction can cause ataxia, instability, slurred speech, and other issues.
2) There are two main types of cerebellar syndromes - midline syndromes affecting balance and trunk control, and hemispheric syndromes affecting limb coordination.
3) Causes of cerebellar injuries include toxins, autoimmune conditions, structural lesions, and inherited degenerations. Diagnosis involves neurological exams and often MRI scanning.
Kidney disease
This document summarizes several kidney diseases and conditions. It discusses acute kidney injury which is a rapid loss of kidney function caused by factors like dehydration or blood clots. It also covers urinary tract infections which cause urinary symptoms and are treated with antibiotics. Additionally, it mentions renal cell carcinoma, a type of kidney cancer, nephrotic syndrome which causes protein leaks, and urinary retention where one cannot empty their bladder. The document provides symptoms and treatments for each condition.
Kidney dialysis
Dialysis is a treatment that replaces kidney function by removing waste and excess fluid from the blood. It is commonly prescribed for those with temporary or permanent kidney failure, as their kidneys cannot remove fluids from the body. There are two main types of dialysis - hemodialysis, which circulates blood outside the body through a machine, and peritoneal dialysis, which uses the lining of the abdomen as a filter through a surgically implanted catheter. Dialysis is the primary treatment option for end stage renal disease besides kidney transplantation.
Pulmonary & systemic circulation
The document summarizes pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation in the human body. It explains that humans have a two-circuit circulatory system, with one circuit for pulmonary circulation transporting deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, and another for systemic circulation transporting oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood from the vena cavae to the lungs for oxygenation, then back to the left side of the heart. Systemic circulation then carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through arteries and capillaries to tissues before returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium via the vena cavae.
Heart
The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the circulatory system. It has four chambers - the left and right atria which receive blood, and the left and right ventricles which pump blood out. The heart is enclosed in a sac called the pericardium and has three layers - the outer epicardium, middle myocardium made of muscle, and inner endocardium. Blood flows through the heart in two circuits, pulmonary and systemic. The heart works nonstop to supply the body with oxygenated blood.
Common heart problems
The document discusses symptoms, causes, and prevention of heart conditions. It lists common symptoms of heart attacks such as chest pain and shortness of breath. It also discusses symptoms of heart failure like leg swelling and fatigue. The document identifies risk factors for heart disease including high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes and excessive alcohol. It recommends lifestyle changes to prevent heart disease such as eating a healthy diet, exercising, quitting smoking and reducing stress.
Pulmonary & systemic circulation
The document summarizes pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation in the human body. It explains that humans have a two-circuit circulatory system, with one circuit for pulmonary circulation transporting deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, and another for systemic circulation transporting oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood from the vena cavae to the lungs for oxygenation, then back to the left side of the heart. Systemic circulation then carries the oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through the aorta and arteries to tissues throughout the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium through the vena cava
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
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Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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8/10 Spinal cord
- 2. • The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain.
- 3. • Serves as a conduit for motor information, which travels down the spinal cord. • Serves as a conduit for sensory information, which travels up the spinal cord. • Serves as a center for coordinating certain reflexes.
- 4. The spinal cord is basically the "information highway of the body", messages are sent back and forth between the brain and the rest of the body. This information includes touch, temperature, pain, joint position and signals telling muscles to move.
- 5. •
- 6. •1.)Cervical- the main function of the cervical spine is to support the weight of the head (about 10 pounds). •2.)Thoracic- The main function of the thoracic spine is to protect the organs of the chest by providing attachment for the rib
- 7. 3.) Lumbar- The main function of the lumbar spine is to bear the weight of the body. 4.) Sacral- The main function of the sacrum is to provide attachment for the iliac (hip) bones and protect the pelvic organs.
- 8. • 5.) Coccyx- the four fused bones of the coccyx or tailbone don’t really have a function. It is an embryology remnant of a tail from our primate ancestors.
- 9. The spinal cord can be damaged in many ways, producing various symptoms, depending on the location, or level, of spinal cord damage. The spinal cord can be cut in an accident, compressed, destroyed by infection, damaged when its blood supply is cut off, or affected by diseases (such as spinal cord cysts, cervical spondylosis, or multiple sclerosis) that alter its nerve function.
- 10. THE END