The document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including: 1. The preterit and imperfect tenses and their uses. 2. Verb conjugations and irregular verbs. 3. Comparatives and superlatives. 4. Gustar and other similar verbs. 5. Por and para prepositions. 6. The future tense and irregular verbs.

1. By: Emilia Peecher

2. Table of Contents
1. Preterit 12. Verbs Like Gustar
2. Preterit Trigger Words 13. Comparatives and
3. -Car, Gar, Zars Superlatives
4. Spock 14. Comparative and
Superlative Irregulars
5. Snake and Snakey
15. Transition Words
6. Cucaracha
16. Future
7. Imperfect
17. Future Trigger Words
8. Imperfect Trigger Words
18. Future Irregulars
9. Imperfect Irregulars
19. Por
10. Preterit vs. Imperfect
20. Para
11. Ser vs. Estar

3. 1. Independent Event
2. Start or completion of an event
3. Specific time reference
4. Actions part of a chain of events
5. Actions repeated a specific number of times
-ar verbs -er verbs -ir verbs
é amos í imos í imos
aste iste iste
ó aron ió ieron ió ieron

4. Preterit trigger Words
Anoche
Ayer
Ante ayer
Preterit La semana
El año
Pasado(a)
Hace (tiempo) que

5. -Car, Gar, Zars
-Car -Zar
que camos cé zamos
caste zaste
có caron -Gar zó zaron
gue gamos
gaste
gó garon

6. Spock
Dar- to gIve ver-
Ir- to go Ser- to See Hacer- to
to be make
( uSe D or v )
fui fuimos í imos hice hicimos
fuiste iste hiciste
fue fueron ió ieron hizo hicieron

7. Snake and Snakey
Both change in only 3rd person
Snake Snakey
e>i : competir, pedir,
preferir, sentir, i>y : oir
servir, venir
o>u : dormir, morir e>y : leer, creer

8. Cucaracha
All have the same endings.
Andar – aduv
}
Estar – estuv
Poder – pud e
Poner – pus
Saber – sup iste
Tener – tuv o
Venir – vin
Conducer – conduj imos
Producir – produj
ieron
Traducir – traduj
Decir - dij

9. Imperfect
1. Repeated actions
2. “set the stage” for past action
3. Time
4. Age
5. Mental states
6. Physical sensations
7. characteristics
-ar verbs -er/ verbs
ir
aba abamos ia iamos
abas ias
aba aban ia ian

10. Imperfect Trigger Words
Siempre
A veces
Imperfect De vez un cuando
Mientras
Muchos veces
Los martes

11. Ser
era eramos
eras
era eran
Ir Ver
Imperfect Irregulars
iba ibamos veía veíamos
ibas veías
iba iban veía veían

12. Preterit vs. Imperfect
Preterit Imperfect
1. Beginning or end of 1. Habitual past
an action
2. Physical or emotional
2. Narrate a series of states
past actions
3. Characteristics
3. Action with a definite
4. No definite ending
ending
5. Continuous action
4. An interrupted action
(movie)
(snapshot)

13. D
doctor
O
origin
C
characteristic
T
time
Ser O
(to be) occupation
R
relationship
P
possession
E
event
D
date

14. H
health
E
emotion
L
location
P
present
Estar condition
(to be)
I
ING: ando, endo,
N
iendo
G

15. Verbs like Gustar
1. When gustar is followed by one or more infinitives, the singular form is used.
2. Gustar is often used in conditional tense for a request
• Aburrir – to bore • Caer bien/mal – to fall
• Encantar – to love • Doler – to hurt
• Faltar – to fail • Disgustar – to disgust
• Fascinar – to fascinate • Preocupar – to preoccupy
• Importar – to be important • Apetecer – to wish for
• Interesar – to interest • Quedar – to be
• Molestar – to bother

16. (more) (than)
(less) (than)
(the most) (of)
(the least) (of)

17. Bueno Viejo
Mejor Mayor
Malo Joven
Peor Menor

18. Aunque – even though
Tambien – also
Mientras – while
A pesar de – in spite of
Pero – but
Por lo tanto – therefore
Sin embargo/no obstante – never the
less

19. *WILL*
Endings for –ar, er, and ir verbs are the same
Infinitive + é Infinitive + emos
Infinitive + ás Infinitive + éis
Infinitive + á Infinitive + an

20. Future Trigger
Words
El proximo (hora, día, semana,..)
Future Mañana
En (dos, cuatro,..semanas,
días, horas,..)

21. Future Irregulars
Decir – dir
Hacer – har
Poner – pondr
Salir – saldr
Tener – tendr
Valer – valdr
Venir – vendr
Poder – podr
Querer – querr
Caber – cabr
Haber - habr

22. How long
Passing General Cause of
something
through location something
lasts
In place of/
An exchange Transportation Numbers
Instead of

23. Purpose of
For whom
which
something is Destination
something
done
Is done
Express an Compare or Express idea
opinion contrast of deadline