2. Present Hace +___+ gusta
Stem Changes Ser vs. estar
Irregular “yo” Imperfecto
Saber vs. Conocer Irregulars
Reflexive Triggers
“se” Impersonals Preterite
Dipthongs with accents Irregulars
Verbs like… -uir/guir, cer/cir, ger/gir Car/gar/zar, cucaracha, snake
y snakey, spock
triggers
Comparatives/ superlatives
Future
Irregulars
triggers
3. • -ar -er -ir
o o o
as es
es
a e
Los verbos emos e
regulares en el imos
ais emos
presente: is
an eis en
en
4. • “e” se convierte a “ie”
• “e” se convierte a “i”
• “o” se convierte a “ue”
• “u” se convierte a “ue”
*Ojo!=No se cambian en el nosotros ni
vosotros sol amente en “la bota”
5. Ir Ser Ver
Iba Era Veia
Ibas Eras Veias
Iba Era Veia
Ibamos Eramos Veiamos
Iban Eran Veiran
6. • Saber • Conocer
– To know – To know
– facts – people
Ex: Juan sabe donde esta Maria. Ex: Yo no conozco a Maria
Juan knows where Maria is. I don’t know Maria
Ex: Yo no se tu numero de telefono. Ex: Alberto y Alfredo conocen Madrid
I don’t know you telephone number Alberto and Alfredo know Madrid
7. Los Reflexivos
se nos Reflexives are
what are
te
me
reflected upon
os oneself or
se
others.
8. “Se Impersonal”
Passive voice Reciprocal action
Se habla espanol “each other”
Nos vemos
Common Impersonal
Expressions:
-conviene que…
-es bueno que…
-es facil que…
Es importante que…
9. Dipthongs
• Used when a weak vowel (i, y or u) and a strong
vowel (a, e or o) or two weak vowels come
together to form one syllable.
Ex: esquiar- to ski
Yo- esquio Nos- esquiamos
Tu- esquias Vos- esquiais
* Estudiar and
limpiar- There is El, ella, usd- esquia Ellos-
no accent stress esquian
on the “i”.
10. Verbs like gustar
-uir/guir, cer/cir, ger/gir
• Found in the present tense.
vowel + cer/cir verbs = c to zc
Would
Ger/gir verbs: g to j Should
Could
guir: gu to g
11. Hace + time + gusta+ present
Shows the amount of time that an action
took
•Hacer + the amount of time needed to
complete the action +que + the present
verb that is being completed at the time
12. Soy Ser vs. Estar Estoy
Eres Estas
Es Esta
Somos Estamos
Sois Estais
son Estan
DOCTER PED HELPING
Descriptions,
Health,
origin,
emotion,
characteristics,
location,
time,
present
occupation,
condition,
relationships,
-ing
possession,
events, dates
13. Imperfecto
• -ar • yo- ia
– Yo- aba Tu- ias
– Tu- abas
•El, ella, ud- ia
– El, ella, ud.-aba
– Nosotros- abamos Nosotros- iamos
– Uds.- aban Uds- ian Triggers!!
Siempre
A menudo
*uncompleted action, no definite
beginning or end, descriptive tense- Cadadia
who, what, where, and when Todos los
dias
14. Ir Ser
iba ibamos era eramos
ibas eras
Iba iban
era eran
Ver
veia vieamos
veias
veia vian
15. Preterite
Used for completed past actions
• Known beginning and/or end
• “snapshot” of time
-ar endings -er and –ir endings
e i
aste iste
o imos
amos isteis
asteis ieron
aron
16. Snake
Trigger words:
E to I Ayer
Ex: pedir, venir Types Anoche
O to u Anteayer
Snakey
Ex: morir
La semana pasado
O to y
Ex: oir
E to y Dar/ver Ir/ser
Ex: creer d/vi Fui
d/viste Fuiste
Andar-anduv
Car- -> que d/io Fue
Estar-estuv
Gar -> que Hacer d/imos Fuermos
Poder-pud
Hice d/ieron Fueron
Poner-pus Zar -> ce
Hiciste
Wuerer-quis
Hizo
Saber-sup
Hicimos
Tener-tuv
Hicieron
Vener-vin
17. Comparatives and superlatives
Express comparisons and
differences
menos adj que
El/la mas adj de
mas adj que
Bueno/a->mejor El menos adj de
Grande->mayor
Joven->menor
Viejo/a->mayor
18. El futuro
Trigger
• Infinitive + e, as, a , emos, an words!
• The “will factor” La semana
• Vivir_____ =yo vivire Proxima
• comer____
Ano
• Hablar___
Pasado ano
• Immediate future Manana
• Ir+a+infinitive
• Ex:Voy a salir
19. Infinitive:
e
Irregular future as
a
• Decir dir- to say emos
an
• Haber habr- there to be, to have
• Hacer har- to make, do
• Poder podr- to put, place, set
• Querer querr- to want, love
• Saber sabr- to leave, go out
• Tener tendr- to have
• Valer valdr- to be worth
• Venir vendr- to come
20. •Por vs. Para
•Double object pronouns
•Adverbs
•Subjunctive
•Se Impersonal
•Progressive with ir, andar, and seguir
21. Por vs. Para
• Por- – Exact time- replace por for de.
– use to indicate motion or general Durante for time
location. (around, through, along,
or by) Idea of passing through- portal
– Duration of action (for, during, in) General location- portugal
– Reason or motive for an action. How long something lasts-”por”ever
(because of, on account of, on Case of something- poprpus
behalf of)
An exchange-import/export
– The object of a search. (for, in
search of) Doing something in place of or
instead of someone else- im por,
– Means by which something is done pay for me
(by, by way of, by means of)
Means of transportation-
– Exchange or substitution (in transportation
exchange for)
– Units of measure (per, by)
– Por aqui, por ejemplo, por eso, por
fin
22. Por vs. Para
• Para- For whom something is done-surprise
– Expresses destination (toward, in paratay
the direction of) A destination- Parangari…(more
– Deadline or a specific time in the specific)
future (by, for) The purpose for which something is
– Purpose or goal + infinitive (in done
order to) To express an opinion-
– Purpose + noun (for, used for) paragotive/paradoname
– Recipient of something (for) To contrast or compare- comparason
– Comparison with others or an To express the idea of a deadline-
opinion (for, considering) paramedic
– In the employ of (for)
Ex:
– Camine por el parque (through)
– Camine para el parque (to/toward)
23. Double object pronouns
• Either placed directly before the
conjugated verb or attached to an
infinitive, gerund or command.
• When there is both a direct object and
indirect object in the same sentence, the
indirect always comes first.
• Ex: Se lo di a ella
• Ex: Se los regalaremos
24. Adverbs
Common adverbs!
• Describe or modify Bastante
verbs, adjectives or
Demasiado
other adverbs.
• Add –mente to the the Mal
end Mucho
Muy
• Ex: claro clara Nunca
claramente Peor
• Ex: dificil dificil Poco
dificilmente
siempre
25. Subjunctive
Expresses
everything except
Wedding- certainty and
objectivity
W-wish, want
E-emotion Ex: Yo dudo que
D-doubt (no creer, no pensar) diciembre. Peru
usted vaya al
en
D-denial Common clauses
A menos que…
I-impersonal expression
Antes que…
N-negation, non existing Despues que…
G-god (ojala), guess Es bueno que…
Es dicicil que…
Es facil que…
26. Se impersonal
People in general
Place se infront of the verb
Ex: Se dice “gelato”
Ex: Como se escribe “helado”?
Plural impersonal doesn’t use se
Ex: Dicen que la pizza vegetariana es saludosa.
27. Progressives with ir, andar,
seguir
Andar Seguir (e>i)
Ir
• Ando/iendo/yendo • Ando/iendo/vendo • Ando/iendo/yendo
• Is slowly but surely • Is going around • Is still _____ing
_____ing ______ing
1. Ir + present participle = is slowly but surely ____ing
2. Andar + present participle = is going around ____ing
3. Seguir + present participle = is still _____ing
EX: Jamie anda buscando trabajo.
