Somatography in Forensic Anthropology.pptx
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Somatography is a body visualization technique used in forensic anthropology to identify individuals based on factors like body shape and composition. It involves quantifying endomorphy (fatness), mesomorphy (muscularity), and ectomorphy (linearity) using anthropometric measurements. Somatography has its origins in ancient Greece and was an early attempt at morphological taxonomy. Today it is commonly measured using the Heath-Carter system and can aid forensic investigations by helping to reconstruct a body from skeletal remains or identify an unknown person.
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3) An example discussed is the 1993 Mumbai bombings, where RDX explosives were used in vehicles to kill over 100 people across 12 sites. Forensic analysis of debris and other evidence helped investigate the terrorist attacks.
Special types of crime scenes Part-1.pptx
- Crime scene investigation involves collecting and analyzing evidence from the location where a crime occurred. Biological evidence like blood, as well as latent prints, digital evidence, trace evidence and more may be collected.
- The type of evidence collected depends on the crime. For example, a burglary may involve collecting trace evidence and DNA evidence from points of entry and likely contact areas.
- How a crime scene is processed generally follows seven steps: establishing security; documenting the scene; collecting, packaging and preserving evidence. The most probative evidence is sent to forensic laboratories for detailed examination and analysis.
Scope of Cyber forensics
This document discusses the scope of cyber forensics. It defines cyber forensics as the process of extracting digital evidence from cyber crimes while maintaining a documented chain of custody. It describes the types of cyber forensics like network, email, mobile device forensics. It outlines the key steps cyber forensics experts follow: identification, preservation, analysis and documentation of digital evidence found, and presentation in court. Finally, it discusses the importance of cyber forensics in solving cyber and real-world crimes and ensuring integrity of digital evidence.
Principles of fingerprints
This document discusses the principles of fingerprints. It begins by introducing fingerprints, noting that they are unique ridge patterns on fingers that remain unchanged throughout life, making them useful for identification. It then describes the three main fingerprint types - arch, loop, and whorl. The key principles of fingerprints are that they are individual, permanent, universal, and classifiable. Fingerprints are individual due to their unique ridge patterns. They remain permanent from a young age to old age. They are universal across all humans. And their patterns can be classified into categories. The document concludes that these principles make fingerprints forensically significant for identifying criminals and determining a suspect's presence at a crime scene.
porous and non-porous surface
This document discusses the differences between porous and non-porous surfaces for fingerprint development. Fingerprints deposited on non-porous surfaces like glass or plastic do not absorb residues, which can be developed using powder methods or cyanoacrylate fuming. Fingerprints on porous surfaces like paper or cardboard allow residue absorption, requiring chemical methods like ninhydrin or iodine fuming to react with residues below the surface. Key differences are how long residues remain, appropriate development techniques, and advantages/disadvantages of each method for different surface types.
Physical Examination Of Tyre Marks
This document discusses the physical examination of tyre marks in forensic investigations. It describes the different types of tyre marks including yaw marks, scrub marks, and skid marks. It outlines the characteristics and identification process for tyre marks, including width, tread pattern, and circumstances. The document explains that tyre marks can be photographed, casted, or examined at a crime scene and provides their forensic significance in helping to identify vehicles and tracing criminal activity.
PAINT EVIDENCE COLLECTION
Paints are very common evidence found in hit and run cases, burglary cases and many other cases. The collection of paint evidence has been explained in this presentation
Microcrystalline Test for drugs
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Introduction to PCR technique
This document introduces the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. It explains that PCR is used to amplify a small segment of DNA across many orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular sequence. The principle of PCR involves denaturing DNA, annealing primers to the DNA, and extending the DNA via polymerase. Key instrumentation is used to perform PCR. The document concludes that PCR has significant forensic applications like identifying human remains and developing genetic fingerprints from crime scene samples.
History OF DNA typing
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Henry’s 10 digit classification of fingerprint
Henry's 10 digit classification is acceptable by the entire world. Read the ppt to know more about this classification.
GAIT PATTERN ANALYSIS
Gait pattern helps in individualization of a person depending on the pattern of his/her walking. Read the complete presentation to know more.
FORENSIC BIOMETRIC
Biometrics refers to the automatic identification of a person based on physiological or behavioral characteristics. Passwords, PINs, and keys are not very reliable for identification since they can be forgotten, shared, stolen, or easily guessed. Biometric identification uses unique physical traits like fingerprints, iris scans, voice recognition, or hand geometry that cannot be lost or shared to reliably identify individuals. As biometric technology advances, it may replace traditional identification methods and provide more secure access to sensitive information, banking, government systems, and commercial applications.
fingerprint characteristics
This document summarizes the key characteristics of fingerprints. It discusses how fingerprints develop in the womb, the three main fingerprint patterns (arch, loop, and whorl), and the ridge and minutia details that make each fingerprint unique. It also outlines the three main types of fingerprints that can be found at crime scenes: patent prints formed through transfers of colored materials, latent prints through sweat or oil, and plastic prints on pliable surfaces.
Fiber & Examination of fibers
Fibers are associative evidence that can link a suspect to a crime scene based on the principle of exchange. Fibers may be important evidence in crimes involving personal contact and should be collected visually using clean tools or tape lifting and preserved in paper envelopes. Key characteristics of fibers examined include diameter, cross section, color, and location. Analysis methods include microscopy and chemical analysis to determine if a questioned fiber belongs to a known fabric. Fibers can indicate an individual's presence but are not unique like fingerprints or DNA.
ESDA
ESDA is a tool used in questioned document cases. But how it works?
This has been explained in this ppt.
Collection, Identification & Comparison of Lip prints
Lip prints found on the lips can be used for personal identification in forensic investigations. There are several methods for collecting and developing lip prints, including using lipstick, gloss or other materials pressed on the lips. Lip prints are then analyzed by comparing their unique groove patterns and features to known samples using classification systems. While lip prints provide valuable evidence, factors like environmental conditions and individual variations over time can impact identification. Overall, lip prints are a useful forensic tool when collected and examined properly.
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- 2. SOMATOGRAPHY IN FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY By : Ayush I. Sherekar Volunteer at Applied Forensic Research
- 3. Content... • Introduction • History of Somatography / Somatotyping • Components of somatotype in forensic anthropology • Measuring types used in Somatography • Forensic significance of Somatography in forensic anthropology
- 4. INTRODUCTION... ∆ Somatography / Somatotyping :- Somatography is a variety of a body visualisation technique to identify a body of a person on the basis of variety of factors. ∆ Forensic anthropology :- The field of forensic science which is use for the identification of a person even though after the total decomposition of a dead body, i.e., based on of skeletal remains,
- 5. HISTORY OF SOMATOGRAPHY... • Somatography/Somatotyping is the most recent development in the 25th century history of morphological taxonomy and constitutional investigation. • In 5th century BC, Hippocrates, a Greek doctor had started to somatotyping & divided somatotype into habitus phthisicus & habitus apoplecticus. • During 4th century BC Aristotle, 1st century AD Celcus, 2nd century AD Galen, in early 11th century Avicenna & during 18th and 19th
- 6. COMPONENTS OF SOMATOTYPES... Technique of somatotyping is used to appraise body shape and composition. Hence, somatotyping involves quantification of the shape and composition of the human body It is mainly expressed in three basic terms (components) as, a) Endomorphy (Fatness) b) Mesomorphy (Muscularity)
- 8. MEASURING TYPES USED IN SOMATOTYPING... • Static (structural) :- taken while the body is in a static position . 1. Skeletal dimensions – joint to joint measurement E.g., Elbow to Wrist, Shoulder to Elbow, Knee to Pelvis, etc. 2. Contour dimensions – skin surface dimensions (head circumference). According to the age, the stature & related dimensions are –
- 9. Joint to joint measurement...
- 10. CONTD... • Somatotype is most commonly measured using the Heath-Carter measurement system, in which ratings for endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy are calculated using various anthropometrical measurements and
- 11. Examination of skeletal remains...
- 12. Forensic Significance... •Somatography is a practice oriented approach in attempting to address some of the issues regarding symmetrical investigation across epistemic culture. •Somatography helps to find humankind from its beginnings millions of years ago to the present day. •By taking various visualisation techniques, it helps in identification
- 13. Conclusion... • Somatography plays an very important role in the discipline of forensic anthropology. As it give the various techniques of visualisation of a body to identify a person. • In forensic perspective the somatography in forensic anthropology approaches a great demand as it will be helpful to reconstruct the body of a person
- 14. MCQ... Que. The term Somatography implies ________ . A) Direct identification of person B) Visual description of body
- 15. THANK YOU...