This document provides an overview of the history of forensic DNA typing. It discusses how in 1980, Ray White described the first polymorphic RFLP marker and in 1985, Alec Jeffreys discovered multilocus VNTR probes. It then outlines some of the major developments in DNA typing techniques between 1985-1998, including the first use of PCR in 1985 and the FBI starting their DNA casework in 1988. The document also provides brief descriptions of the principles, steps, techniques, advantages, disadvantages and applications of DNA typing.

2. HISTORY OF
FORENSIC DNA TYPING
PRESENTED BY :
KAPIL RAIKWAR
VOLUNTEER
APPLIED FORENSIC RESEARCH SCIENCES

3. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Principle
 History
 Steps in dna typing
 Techniques Used In DNA typing
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Applications
 References

4. DNA typing is also known as
DNA Fingerprinting. It is a
technique to identify an
individual and to distinguish
between individuals of same
species using only samples of
their DNA.
INTRODUCTION

5.  DNA fingerprinting uses highly variably repeat sequences called
VNTRs (Variable number of tandem repeats).
 Within a species, the nucleotide sequences of repeat units is
highly conserved among all individuals, but difference in number
of repeats is quite common.
 In human chromosomes, many VNTRs regions are bordered by
restriction endonuclease sites on either side. Alleles of a given
VNTR differ from each other in the segment size cut by
restriction endonuclease. Thus give rise to unique RFLP patterns.
PRINCIPLE

6. 1980 – Ray White describes first polymorphic RFLP marker.
1985 – Alec Jeffreys discover multilocus VNTR probes.
1985 – First paper on PCR.
1988 – FBI starts DNA casework.
1991 – First STR paper.
1995 – FSS starts UK DNA database.
1998 – FBI launches CODIS database
HISTORY

7. Steps in DNA Typing

8. Techniques Used in DNA typing

9. ADVANTAGES
 Easy and painless method.
 Affordable and reliable technique.
 Requires short amount of time.
 Since 1984, this technique is been used, thus
making it highly developed and improved.

10. DISADVANTAGES
 The sample of DNA can be easily ruined during
the process.
 The process is complex and tedious.
 The test need to be run on multiple samples for
ideal accuracy.

11.  Paternity and maternity.
 Criminal Identification and Forensics.
 Personal identification.
APPLICATIONS

12.  Butler, J. M. (2010). Fundamentals of forensic DNA typing.
San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press
 https://nebula.org/blog/dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid/
 https://unsplash.com/s/photos/dna-fingerprint
REFERENCES

13. THANK YOU