Anatomy

1. 20BT C21
INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMANS
Dr. Bishwambhar Mishra
Department of Biotechnology
Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology
Hyderabad

3. Introduction
• Welcome to the fascinating world of human anatomy and physiology
• The human is the ultimate living system on our planet
• Our body is literally packed with complex systems working in harmony to keep us alive
Here are some cool facts about the human body:
• Your body has on the order of 10 trillion cells
• Every second your body is producing 15 million red blood cells
• Your nervous system can transmit impulses as fast as 720 kilometers per hour
• During an average lifetime the heart beats about 2.5 billion times
• In one day your blood travels nearly 1600 kilometers

4. Course Objectives
1.To give an overview to students about human body
tissues and endocrine system
1.To provide knowledge on various organs associated with
digestion and excretion
1.Heart structure and functioning in detail, including the gaseous exchange
occurring through the respiratory system
1.To impart knowledge of Spinal cord, the associated
nerves and the different sense organs
1.To impart knowledge about human reproductive
physiology

5. Course Outcome
1.Outline the structure of the Human body, structure & function
of endocrine glands
1.Discuss the anatomical structures and the physiological functions
of Skeletal, digestive and excretory systems
1.Explain the anatomical structures and the physiological functions of
circulatory and respiratory system
1.Describe the anatomical structures and the physiological functions of nervous
system and other sensory systems
1.Discuss the anatomical structures and the physiological functions of
reproductive system and physiology of blood

6. INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMYAND PHYSIOLOGY OF
HUMANS
Unit 1
• Introduction to Anatomical Terms and Endocrine Glands:
• Definition of Anatomy and Physiology
• Major types of human tissues
• Various systems of human body and their general roles;
• Homeostasis
• Types of endocrine glands- anatomy and physiological of
pituitary, thyroid, pancreas

7. INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMYAND PHYSIOLOGY OF
HUMANS
Unit 2
• Anatomy and Physiology of Skeletal, Digestive and
Excretory Systems:
• Structure and function of bones and muscles
• Digestive system- organs and functions
• Role of liver and pancreas
• Excretory system-kidney and urinary bladder
• Physiology of excretory system- urine formation

8. INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMYAND PHYSIOLOGY OF
HUMANS
Unit 3
• Anatomy and Physiology of Circulatory and
Respiratory Systems:
• Circulatory system- anatomy of heart, heartbeat,
blood circulation
• Anatomy of blood vessels- arteries and veins
• Respiratory system-anatomy of lungs and mechanism
of respiration

9. INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMYAND PHYSIOLOGY OF
HUMANS
Unit 4
• Anatomy and Physiology of Nervous System and
Other Sensory Systems:
• Nervous system- peripheral and autonomous
nervous system
• Spinal nerves and Cranial nerves,
• Transmission of nerve impulse, reflex arc
• Special senses- eye, ear, tongue and nose

10. INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMYAND PHYSIOLOGY OF
HUMANS
Unit 5
• Anatomy and Physiology of Reproductive System
And Blood Physiology:
• Mechanism of blood oxygenation
• Blood pressure recording and regulating techniques
• Reproductive system- male and female reproductive
organs and physiology
• Menstrual cycle

11. UNIT – I
Topics:
 Definition of Anatomy and Physiology
 Major types of Human tissues
 Various systems of Human body and their general roles
 Homeostasis
 Types of endocrine glands- anatomy and physiological of pituitary,
thyroid, pancreas

12. Definition of Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy
• Anatomy is the study of body structure, which includes size, shape,
composition, and perhaps even coloration.
Physiology
• Physiology is the study of how the body functions.

13. Anatomy
Anatomy can be studied at different levels.
 Gross anatomy is the study of the larger structures of the body, those visible without the aid of
magnification. Gross anatomy is also referred to as macroscopic anatomy
 Regional anatomy is the study of the interrelationships of all of the structures in a specific body
region, such as the abdomen
 Systemic anatomy is the study of the structures that make up a discrete body system. A group of
structures that work together to perform a unique body function. For example, a systemic
anatomical study of the muscular system would consider all of the skeletal muscles of the body

14. Anatomy
 Developmental anatomy is the study of the structural changes that occur
between conception and adulthood
 Embryological anatomy is the study of the structural changes from
conception to the end of the eighth week of development
 Cytology is the study of the structural features of cells

15. Anatomy
 Histology is the study of tissues, which are composed of cells and the materials
surrounding them. It is also referred to as microscopic anatomy
 Anatomical imaging uses radiographs (x-rays), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI), and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures
 Pathological anatomy is the study of the structural changes associated with disease