3. INTRODUCTION
Sir Edward Henry made the official introduction of an use
fingerprint for criminal identification. In 1986 ,he developed a
fingerprint classification system; but, it is also said that he
covertly gave his name to the classification system worked out
by his Indian employees Khan Bahadur Azizul Haque and Rai
Bahadur Hem Chandra Bose.
The Henry’s System consisted of 4 major classification:
1. Primary classification
2. Secondary classification
3. Sub secondary classification
4. Final classification
4. PRIMARY CLASSIFICATION:
In this classification, numerical value of the finger with
the whorl pattern are considered.
This values are as follows:
Right thumb=16 Left thumb=4
Right index =16 Left Index =2
Right middle =8 Left middle=2
Right ring=8 Left ring =1
Right little =4 Left little=1
For the patterns other than whorl, such as, arch and
loop, value is assigned as null(0). Once values are assigned,
the values of even numbered fingers must be written in
numerator and odd in denominator. Then add this value and
add 1 to both numerator and denominator.
5. SECONDARY CLASSIFICATION
In this classification, we have to consider the index
finger of both hands. According to the pattern present on
the finger, the alphabetic value is assigned to it.
They are,
Plain arch=A
Tented arch=T
Ulnar loop=U
Radial loop=R
Whorl=W
Value of Right index finger should be written on the
numerator and that of left index on denominator.
6. SUB SECONDARY CLASSIFICATION:
In this classification, we consider the value of index, middle and
ring fingers of both the hands. Alphabetic values are assigned for loop
and whorl pattern, whereas, null(0) value for others.
Ridge tracing is done for whorl pattern and ridge counting is
done for loop pattern. Ridge count value for loop pattern:
Finger Ridge count denoted
as I
Ridge count denoted
as O
Index 1-9 10 or more
Middle 1-10 11 or more
Ring 1-11 12 or more
Ridge tracing value is given to the whorl pattern based on the
ridge count between the right delta and the tracing end. The ridge
tracing value is I if the tracing end is inside the right delta and value of
ridge count is 3 or more; M if less than 3 ridges inside or outside delta
and O if more than 3 or 3 ridges outside the delta. Then the values of
right fingers are placed in numerator and left in denominator.
7. FINAL CLASSIFICATION
In this classification, only little fingers of both the hands
are considered . Loop and whorls pattern are assigned
with the ridge count values , and the rest others are
given null(0) value. For loop pattern, Ridge counting is
done by using the general rules , whereas for doing ridge
counting in whorl pattern for left hand the right delta is
considered and for right hand is vice versa. After getting
the values, the value of right little finger is placed in
numerator and that of left little in denominator.