Solid waste management is collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects. The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must

2. Waste management is the collection, transport, processing,
recycling or disposal and monitoring of waste materials.
The two conventional principles of waste management
were: ‘Dilute and disperse’ or ‘concentrate and contain’.
The main necessity of waste management is to enrich the
resources which are being depleted due to rising
population and increasing consumption rates.

3. Exposure to hazardous waste can affect human health,
children being more vulnerable to these pollutants.
Improperly operated incineration plants cause air
pollution and improperly managed and designed landfills
attract all types of insects and rodents that spread disease.
Direct handling of solid waste results in chronic diseases
with the waste workers and the rag pickers being the most
vulnerable.

4. MSW
Refuse Trash
Bulky wastes (TV, refrigerators goods,
Broken furniture, etc.)
Garbage Rubbish
Putrescible matter non-degradable (glass, rubber,
Metals, plastics non-metal set)
Vegetables, Meats, food
Wastes and other readily
Degradable organic wastes slowly degradable (paper, wood
Products, textiles etc.)

5. Segregation at source MSW waste
minimization
Waste collection from source to segregation centers
Waste segregation into degradable to non- degradable
Non degradable wastes organic waste size reduction
Recycling plant aerobic composting
Agricultural land, gardens etc

6. Prevention of waste being created is known as waste
reduction which is an important method of waste
management.
The modern concepts based on the three ‘R’s are: Reduce,
Reuse and Recycle.
Methods of avoidance include reuse of second hand
products, designing products to be refillable or reusable,
repairing broken items instead of buying new etc.

8. Integrated solid waste management through the
following processes can provide a better reliable
solution for the problem of municipal solid waste
generation.
 WASTE COLLECTION
 SEGREGATION
 RECYCLING
 SHREDDING OR PULVERIZING
 COMPOSTING

9.  From individual houses, wastes can be collected in person
with the help of vehicle.
 To minimize the time and cost involved in collecting waste
through vehicles, public can be given instruction to dump
their house wastes in one place (nearby their street).

10. Segregation of wastes into degradable and
non-degradable wastes is to be done to
recover or divert non-degradable wastes
(electric items, plastics, tyres etc.) and
degradable items (wood, textiles etc.) to its
recycling plant and if possible, it can be
reused.

11. It is a tedious process which therefore needs
labour. Magnets can also be used to
segregate ferrous metals.
This process will help in reducing the
amounts of waste going for composting and
also earns money (through selling wastes to
recycling plant.

12. The non-degradable and degradable wastes
can be recycled very economically in the
recycling plants.
Apart from sending wastes to recycling
plant, recycling of some organic waste is
possible.

13. Some of the waste recycling techniques are:
Fly ash,
Organic wastes,
Slag and scrap,
Industrial gases,
Waste waters,
Recovery of silver from photographic films.

14.  This process involves in size reduction of organic wastes
before it goes for composting.
 This process reduces the overall volume by 40%.
ADVANTAGES:
 It will increase surface area availability for bacterial
activity (decomposition).
 Facilitates easy handling of moisture content and aeration.

15. Aerobic composting is one of the cheapest
and easiest methods that are being available
for MSW.
Generally, composting can be carried out in
three techniques. They are
i) windrow composting
ii) Aerated static pile method
iii) In vessel method

16. According to the ABS, the recycling rate is high and is
increasing with 99% of households (2003 survey), up
from85% in 1992. This suggests that Australians are in
favour of reduced or no landfilling and the recycling of
waste.
In Taipei, the city government charges the waste by which
the amount of the waste produced is reduced.
In Canadian urban centres, curbside collection is the most
common method of disposal, whereby the city collects the
waste and is then transported to a regional landfill.

17. First and foremost, the surroundings become very clean.
Air pollution resulting from the burning of the waste has
been eliminated completely.
The use of chemical fertilizers has been stopped in the
nurseries, instead of which organic manure is being used.
Income from the sale of manure and recyclable waste have
crossed 2 lakhs.

18. The technique of Integrated Solid Waste
management (ISWM) can be practiced with
short term training about the fundamentals
involved by the public.
The cost involved in establishing this
technique is very cheap and it is easy to
install and maintain the process.

19. The technique of Integrated Solid Waste
management (ISWM) can be practiced with
short term training about the fundamentals
involved by the public.
The cost involved in establishing this
technique is very cheap and it is easy to
install and maintain the process.