This document discusses various socioeconomic status scales used in India. It begins by defining socioeconomic status and describing the Kuppuswamy scale, which uses education, occupation, and income to classify families into high, middle, and low SES. It then discusses the Udai Pareek scale for rural populations and the modified BG Prasad scale. It emphasizes the need to regularly update these scales using the Consumer Price Index to maintain relevance. Methods for updating the Prasad scale are provided. In conclusion, the document compares the strengths and limitations of the different SES scales and discusses how to apply the Kuppuswamy scale in an assignment.

1. Socioeconomic status
scale
SUBMITTED TO,
MRS. NIDHI SAGAR
PROF. & HEAD OBSTETRIC AND
GYNAE. NURSING
SUBJECT COORDINATOR- NURSING
EDUCATION
CON, DMCH, LUDHIANA
Submitted by
Nikita Sharma
MSc(N) 1st year
Roll no- 8

2. Introduction
IT IS AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIOLOGICAL COMBINED TOTAL MEASURE
OF A PERSON’S WORK EXPERIENCE AND OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S OR
FAMILY’ ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL POSITION IN RELATION TO OTHERS,
BASED ON INCOME, EDUCATION AND OCCUPATION.
WHEN ANALYZING A FAMILY’S SES, THE HOUSEHOLD
INCOME, EARNER’S EDUCATION, AND OCCUPATION ARE EXAMINED, AS
WELL AS COMBINED INCOME, VERSUS WITH AN INDIVIDUAL, WHEN
THEIR OWN ATTRIBUTES ARE ASSESSED.

3. Cont…….
 The most widely used scale for urban population is Kuppuswamy’s
socioeconomic scale, which was devised by Kuppuswamy in 1976.
 Kuppuswamy scale is a composite score of education and
occupation of the head of the family along with monthly income of
the family, which yields a score of 3-29.
 This scale classifies the study population into high, middle, and low
SES.

4. Definition
 It is defined as the scale used to identify economic status in society.
It used mainly to implementation of national health program.
OR
 SES is one of the most important social determinant of health and
disease, thus, widely studied constructs in the social sciences. Usually
composite scales are used to measure SES , which has a combination of
social and economic variables.

5. Kuppuswamy’s
socioeconomic status
scale…………………..
Handouts

6. Strengths
 Use of multiple indicators
 Ease of application
 Widely used
 Used for urban community

7. Limitation
 Overemphasis on income.
 This tool needs to be updated timely as price index is
increasing. ( as this scale is consumer price index based)
 -Educational and occupational factors need to be revised
by using suitable survey methods.

8. Udai Pareek and G. Trivedi scale

9. Introduction
 attempts to examine the socio-economic status for the rural or mixed population
only
  This scale consists of a manual and one information blank
  This scale has nine factors which assess the socioeconomic status of the
individual :------
 1 Caste 6 Material possession
 2 Occupation 7 Family
 3 Education 8 Farm powers
 4 Social 9 Land
 5 participation 10 House

10. Udai pareek and G. Trivedi scale

11. Cont…..
 After filling the information, and scoring the individual
items, the total score is summed up.
 With the help of the key provided in the manual, total
score is interpreting terms of the class.

12. Limitations
 This scale does not emphasize the income aspect and can only be
used for rural subjects
 Social class:
  Above 43 Upper Class (I)
  33-42 Upper Middle Class (II)
 24-32 Middle Class (III)
  13-23 Lower Middle Class (IV)
  Below 13 Lower Class (V)

13. Modified BG Prasad socioeconomic
scale
 It is widely used to determine the socioeconomic status .
  The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for industrial workers
(IW) is used to calculate updated income categories
Chart

14. Need to update SES scale
 Income ranges in the scale lose their relevance following the
description in the value of the rupee.
-Steady inflation, lower interest rates, and country’s current
account deficits are the main factors contributing to fall in the value
of currency.
-Therefore, it is needed to update the scale regularly for
socioeconomic classification of study populations

15. Method to update SES scale:
 Kumar had tried to update Prasad Scale’s income limits
using consumer price index (CPI)
 -Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale was revised with CPI .
 -Linking of the scale with price index makes it relevant
and meaningful and also provides a opportunity for
constant updating .

16. Consumer Price Index (CPI):
 A comprehensive measure used for estimation of
price changes in a basket of goods and services
representative of consumption expenditure in an
economy is called consumer price index.

17. Updating Prasad’s Scale:
 The BG Prasad scale was formulated in 1961Consumer Price Index
(CPI) for 1960 as 100.
  This was revised in 1982 by introducing a linking factor of 4.93
to convert CPI (1982) from the new base of 100 to the old base CPI
(1960).
  Again a need was felt in 2001 to revise the base, which was done
by introducing the linking factor of 4.63

18. Limitation:
 It is only income based scale

19. Summarization
Today we have discussed about
 Introduction of SES
 Definition of SES
 Illustration and limitation of Kuppuswamy SES
 Introduction, illustration and limitation of Udai Pareek and G. Trivedi scale
 Introduction of modified BG Prasad SES
 Explain the need to update scale
 Describe methods of updating the SES
 Definition of CPI
 Describe updating Prasad’s scale
 Describe the limitation of the scale.

20. Recaptualization
 FILL IN THE BLANKS:
1. Widely used scale for urban population is --------------
2. ------factors are assessed in Udai Pareek and G. Trivedi
scale
3. SES is the combination of________&______ variables
4. Kuppuswamy’s SES was devised by ____ in ___.
5. ________scale consist of one information blank

21. Cont….
 TRUE/ FALSE
1. score of Kuppuswamy’s SES ranges from 3-29
2. education and occupation factors not needs to be revised
in Kuppuswamy’s SES
3. CPI for IW is used to calculate outdated income
categories
4. BG Prasad scale was Formulated in the year 1961
5. Kuppuswamy’s SES overemphasize the income

22. Key:
 Fill in the blanks:
1. Kuppuswamy’s SES
2. 9
3. Social and economic factors
4. 1976
5. Social and economic variables
 True/ false
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True


23. Bibliography:
 Sodhi Jaspreet, ”Comprehensive textbook of Nursing
Education”, EMMESS medical Publishers, 1st edition,
page- 214-215
 Bhaskar Nima, ”Textbook of nursing Education”,
EMMESS publishers,1st edition, page no.-312-316
 http://www.scribd.com>doc>socio-economical status scale
 http://www.researchgate.net>publication
 https://msjonline.org>article>viewfile

24. Assignment
Assignment- application of Kuppuswamy
socioeconomic scale.
Date of submission-18-02-2019
Venue- MSc(N) 1st year classroom