![DR VISHAL BATHMA [MBBS, MBA(HA), MD]
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Socio-Economic Status Scale
2020
CPI 338 as on Aug-2020 base 2016=100](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/socio-economicstatusscales-210328094127/75/Socio-economic-status-scales-1-2048.jpg)
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Socio economic status scales
This document discusses various socioeconomic status (SES) scales used in India, including the Kuppuswamy scale, BG Prasad scale, and Pareek scale. It explains how each scale measures SES based on factors like education, occupation, income, and provides updated income thresholds based on the 2020 Consumer Price Index. The limitations of the Kuppuswamy scale are discussed. The document concludes that while no SES scale is complete, they provide uniformity among study populations despite limitations, and timely revisions are needed to maintain their utility.
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- 1. DR VISHAL BATHMA[MBBS, MBA(HA), MD] COMMUNITY MEDICINE Socio-Economic Status Scale 2020 CPI 338 as on Aug-2020 base 2016=100
- 2. Introduction • Socioeconomic status(SES) is an important determinant of health • SES influences accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and actual utilization of available health facilities.
- 3. SES- Scales •Kuppuswamy scale •BGPrasad Scale •Pareek scale
- 4. Kuppuswamy scale • Devisedby Kuppuswamy in 1976 • Important tool in hospital and community based research in India – Education of head of family, – Occupation of head of the family – Income per month from all sources • This scale classifies the study populations into high, middle, and low SES • Yields a score of 3-29
- 6. Why revision ? •Rupee does not retain the same value each year • If it is not revised it will lose its utility. • Revision is linked to the All India Average Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW). • Presently the base year has been changed from 1982, 2001 to current base year 2016
- 7. CPI(IW) • A consumerprice index (CPI) measures changes in the price level of a market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households • CPI(IW) means Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers. • It will be some number between 300 to 400.For example, the CPI(IW) for 2020 January was 330.
- 8. Updated income 2020 2020(Aug)CPI 338 1976 >52129 >2000 26065- 52128 1000-1999 19549-26064 750-999 13032-19548 500-749 7819-13031 300-499 2633-7818 101-299 <2632 <100 CPI 338 as on Aug-2020 base 2016=100
- 9. Limitations of Kuppuswamy’sscale • No consideration is given to size of the family • There is an overemphasis on income rather than educational and occupational factors. • Can be used for urban only.
- 10. BG Prasad Scale •Rural community • Based on per capita monthly income of the family. • Simple to calculate
- 11. Modified BG PrasadScale Social Class Per capita monthly income BG Prasad 1961 Modified BG Prasad 2020 Upper Class >100 >7533 Upper Middle Class 50-99 3766-7532 Middle Class 30-49 2260-3765 Lower Middle Class 15-29 1130-2259 Lower Class <15 <1129 CPI 338 as on Aug-2020 base 2016=100
- 12. By Udai Pareekand G. Trivedi (1964) • Udai Pareek and G. Trivedi (1964) attempts to examine the socio-economic status for the rural population only • This scale consists of a manual and one information blank • This scale has nine factors which assess the socioeconomic status of the individual
- 13. Pareek scale 1. Caste 2.Occupation 3. Education 4. Level of social participation of head of the family 5. Landholding 6. Housing 7. Farm power 8. Material possession 9. Total members in the family
- 14. 1.Caste 2.Occupation Scheduled caste1 Labour 1 Lower caste 2 Caste occupation 2 Artisan caste 3 Business 3 Agricultural caste 4 Independent profession 4 Prestige caste 5 Cultivation 5 Dominant caste 6 Service 6 3.Education 4.Social participation Illiterate 0 Member of one organization 1 Can read only 1 Member of > 1 organization 2 Can read and write 2 Office holder 3 Primary 3 Wider public leader 6 Middle 4 High school 5 Graduate 6 • Ref: Holyachi S: Socio economic scales – An update: Annals of comm health V1:issue 1:p24
- 15. 5. Land Score7. Farm power Score 9.Family Score No land 0 No drought animal 0 Type < 1 Acre 1 1-2 drought animals 2 Single 1 1- 5 Acres 2 3-4 drought animal 4 Joint 2 5-10 Acres 3 Or one prestige animal 4 Extended 3 10-15 Acres 4 5-6 drought animal or tractor 6 Upto 5 2 15-20 Acres 5 Distinct features 2 >20 Acres 6 6. House Score 8. Material possession Score No home 0 Bullock -cart 1 Hut 1 Cycle ,Radio , Chair 1 Katcha house 2 Improved agri. implements 2 Mixed house 3 Television 3 Pucca house 4 Mobile 4 Mansion 6 Refrigerators 8
- 16. Scoring • After fillingthe information ,and scoring the individual items, the total score is summed up. • With the help of the key provided in the manual, total score is interpreteding terms of the class.
- 17. Limitations • This scaledoes not emphasize the income aspect and can only be used for rural subjects
- 20. • Wealth IndexScale • Rahudkar scale 1960 for rural • Shirpurkar scale 1964 • Jalota Scale 1970 • Kulshreshta scale 1972 for urban • Srivastava Scale 1978 • Bhardwaj scale 2001 (students scale) Other scales
- 21. NON INDIAN SESSCALE • Hollingshead (occupation based) • Henderson
- 22. conclusion • No scaleis ever complete in assessing actual SES. • They Generates uniformity among study population in spite of limitations. • Timely revision is needed to maintain its utility.
- 23.