The document assesses the infant mortality rate (IMR) in the PHC area of Kashindra from 2012 to 2014, highlighting various factors contributing to IMR and the effectiveness of government programs aimed at its reduction. It notes the highest IMR in 2013-14 and identifies low birth weight as the most common cause of infant mortality in the area. Recommendations for improvement include better obstetric care, quality of life enhancements, and nutrition.

1. Darshak Patel
Dhruv Patel
Krunal Patel
Mayur Patel
Project By :
INFANT
MORTALITY
RATE
INFANTINFANT
MORTALITYMORTALITY
RATERATE
INFANT
MORTALITY
RATE
ASSESSMENT OF
IN PHC AREA OF KASHINDRA
2012-2014

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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that intern mentioned here below have
satisfactorily completed study of “Assessment of IMR in
PHC of Kashindra (2012-2014)” under Rural Health
Training Center posting at Kashindra PHC during academic
posting 2015-2016 and their performance are up to the
mark.
ROLL NO NAME SIGN
131 Patel Darshak B.
134 Patel Dhruv D.
138 Patel Krunal B.
140 Patel Mayur S.
SIGN
Dr. Hiral Rajguru
Medical Officer
Kashindra PHCDate:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take this opportunity to express our heartly gratitude
to all those who were associated directly or indirectly with
our project and helped us to make our project up to the
level anticipated.
We are grateful to Dr. Hiral Rajguru, Medical Officer at
Kashindra PHC for providing us with appropriate guidance
and all necessary information to make this project.
We are also thankful to Dr. Krunal Patel, Medical Officer
at Bawla PHC for providing us with opportunity and
guidance to make this project.
We are also thankful to the staff of Kashindra PHC and all
those unmentioned for their contribution of time and
efforts on this project.

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INDEX
1 Introduction 4
2 Aims & Objectives 5
3 Material & Methology 6
4 Review Of Literature 7
5 Observation And Analysis 13
6 Conclusion 18
7 Recommendation 19
8 Bibliography 20

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INTRODUCTION
IMR Definition:
The rate of Infant death registered in given year to
the total number of live birth registered in the same
year.
 IMR: World – 42 per 1000 live birth (2012)
India – 43 per 1000 live birth (2014)
Maximum – MP & Assam (54)
Minimum – Goa (09)
 IMR accounts for 18% of total dates in India.

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AIMS & OBJECTIVES
o To assess Infant mortality cases in Kashindra.
o To assess various causes contributing to Infant
mortality.
o To find out the association of Infant mortality cases
from 2012-2014.
o To study the programmes undertaken by the
Kashindra PHC and Government for prevention of
Infant Mortality.
o To study the awareness of people regarding these
programme.
o To counsel the unaware family.

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MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY
o Study type : cross sectional study
o Study area : Kashindra PHC
o Study period : 15 days :
from 1/9/2015
to 15/9/2015
o Data collection : from records of
Kashindra PHC
o Data analysis : Microsoft Excel

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Infant mortality Rate:
It is the rate of Infant death in a given year to the total
number of live births registered in the same year.
IMR is Indicator of
 Health status of a community
 Level of living
 Effectiveness of MHC services in general
Cause of IMR
 Most common cause in India:
Low birth weight
Prematurity
 Most common cause in World:
 Pneumonia

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 Other cause
Neonatal Mortality Post neonatal Mortality
1. Low birth weight 1. Diarrheal disease
2. Prematurity 2. Acute respiratory
infection
3. Birth injury 3. Malnutrition
4. Sepsis 4. Congenital anomaly
5. Congenital anomaly 5. Accidents
6. Hemolytic disease of
newborn
6. Communicable disease
7. Condition of placenta
and cord
Infant Mortality Rate
In India
Year IMR
2008 32.31
2009 30.15
2010 49.13
2011 47.57
2012 46.07
2013 44.6
2014 43.19

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In World: 42
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
IMR PER YEAR

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Gujarat: 41 (2011)
Year IMR
2005 54
2006 53
2007 52
2008 50
2009 48
2010 44
2011 41
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Comparison IMR in Gujarat and India...
India Gujarat

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Factor affecting IMR
 Biological factor
 Birth weight
 Age of mother
 Birth order
 Greatest at 1st
birth and also high after 3rd
birth
 Multiple birth
 High family size
 High fertility
 Economical factor
 Low socioeconomical status
 Cultural and social factirs
 Early weaning
 Bottle feeding
 Religion and cast
 Early marriage
 Other factors
 Sex of child: IMRgirl > IMRboys
 Quality of mothering
 Quality of health care
 Maternal education
 Broken family
 Illegitimacy

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 Brutal habits and customs
 Untrained dai
 Bad environment
Preventive and social measures
1) Prenatal nutrition
2) Prevention of infection
3) Breast feeding
4) Growth monitoring
5) Family planning
6) Sanitation
7) Provisional of primary health care
8) Socio-economic development
9) Education

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OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS
Analysis of YEAR 2012-2013
Name of Sub center Total Live Birth Infant Death
Kashindra 201 2
Bhat 148 -
Visalpur 123 3
Bopal 425 -
Ghuma 134 -
Khodiyar 188 -
Total 1234 5
Cause Number of death
Low Birth Weight 3
Congenital Anomaly 1
Cerebral Palsy 1
IMR = 5 × 1000/1234
= 4.05 / 1000 live birth
Gender Number of death
Boy 3
Girl 2

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Analysis of Year 2013-2014
Name Of Subcenter Birth Deaths
Kashindra 201 3
Bhat 141 3
Visalpur 141 1
Bopal 460 3
Ghuma 116 2
Khodiyar 165 1
Total 1224 13
Cause Number Of Deaths
Low birth weight 6
Congenital anomaly 2
Asphyxia 2
Prematurity 1
Others 2
Gender Number of death
Boy 4
Girl 9
IMR = 13 × 1000/ 1224
= 10.62 / 1000 live birth

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Analysis of Year 2014-2015
Name Of Subcenter Birth Death
Kashindra 177 2
Bhat 130 1
Visalpur 136 2
Bopal 419 3
Ghuma 113 2
Khodiyar 137 1
Total 1120 11
Cause Number Of Death
Low birth weight 5
Premature birth 2
ARI 2
Congenital Anomaly 1
Others 1
IMR = 11 × 1000 / 1120
= 9.82 / 1000 live birth
Gender Number Of Deaths
Boys 6
Girls 5

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Analysis of Data of IMR (2012-2014)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
IMR
2012-13 4.08
2013-14 10.62
2014-15 9.82
4.08
10.62 9.82
INFANT MORTALITY RATE
COMPARISION
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Boys
Girls
GENDER DISTRIBUTION OF IMR

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Low Birth Weight
48%
Prematurity
10%
Congenital
14%
Asphyxia
7%
ARI
7%
Others
14%
CAUSE OF IMR
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
IMR
Comparison to Indian and World Mortality
Kashindara PHC India World

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Conclusion
 Highest Infant mortality rate was noted during year
2013-14.
 In comparison to year 2012-13 it was notably high
because of not any clear known reason.
 After that there is slight decrease in IMR in year
2014-15 because of improved health facility.
 In comparison to India’s Infant Mortality Rate, IMR
is very low at Kashindra PHC.
 Most common cause of IMR in Kashindra is Low
Birth Weight.
 There are various government programmes related
to prevention of IMR and increasing awareness in
community are contributory for decline of IMR in
2014 as compared to year 2013.

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RECOMMENDATION
To decline IMR we should focused on….
1) Improvement of obstetric and perinatal care like
 Availability of Oxygen
 Fetal monitoring during labour
 Improve techniques for induction of labour
2) Improvement In quality of life
 Economic progress
 Sociological progress
3) Better control of communicable disease.
 Immunization and Oral rehydration
4) Advances in chemotherapy
 Antibiotic and insecticide
5) Better nutrition
 Breast feeding
6) Family Planning
 Birth spacing

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Data from PHC- Kashindra
 http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN
 http://data.worldbank.org
 http://www.who.int/en
 http://www.whoindia/en
 http://www.webmd.com
 Park Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine
(23rd
Edition)
 http://www.wikipidia.com
 http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?c=in&v=29