Pareek's Scale for assessing Socio-Economic Status
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Uday Pareek developed a scale to calculate and examine the socio-economic status (SES) of rural populations. The Pareek scale consists of nine factors including caste, occupation, education, landholding, housing, farm equipment, material possessions, and family type. Each factor is assigned a score which are summed to determine an individual's total SES score and classify them into one of five SES categories ranging from upper to lower lower. The scale relies on non-economic factors and is intended solely for use in rural areas.
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Occupational Diseases (Part 1) - Pneumoconioses
Contains the info on overview of Occupational diseases, Prevention of occupational diseases and Pneumoconioses
Housing and Environment
Contains info on Housing standards and its types esp in India, rural housing standards and household waste disposal
Environment & Health
Household waste can pose serious health hazards if not properly disposed of. Improper waste disposal can attract disease-spreading flies and rats, release toxic chemicals into soil and water sources, and emit hazardous gases. Preventive measures include proper waste storage, separation, collection and transport, and final disposal through methods like sanitary landfilling, recycling, and energy production. For human waste, options include service or non-service latrines, septic tanks, and sewerage systems to transport waste via underground pipes to treatment sites. Proper waste management is important to prevent contamination and disease transmission.
Sanitary measures (Environment and Health)
This document discusses various sanitation methods for rural areas. It describes the functioning of septic tanks, which use anaerobic bacteria to break down waste into simpler compounds. For rural latrines, it recommends simple options like arborloos that compost waste and urine diversion dry toilets that require no water. It also details pit latrines, borehole latrines and water seal latrines. The Sulabh Shauchalaya public toilet is highlighted as a low-cost pour-flush system that converts waste to manure using bacterial decomposition. In villages, sanitation requires affordable, maintainable options that purify waste without water or electricity.
Chikungunya (Athropod Borne Diseases)
This presentation highlights the disese of Chikungunya elaborating its epidemiology, pathogenesis, cilincal presentation, treatment etc
Investigation of Acute Gastroenteritis Epidemic (AGE) and its steps
Steps of investigation of any epidemic are illustrated in the given slide especially for acute gastro-enteritis epidemic. Also the prevention of AGE is also given and at the end how to submit a report is also given.
Indirect Transmission of diseases
Various methods of transmission of diseases indirectly are depicted in the slide along with their epidemiology and distribution.
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Occupational diseases (Part 8) - Radiation, Heat and compressed air
Occupational diseases (Part 8) - Radiation, Heat and compressed air
Occupational diseases (Part 7) - Noise and Carbon Monoxide hazards
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Occupational Diseases (Part 4) - Sickness Absenteeism
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Occupational diseases (Part 3) -Industrial hazards and Plumbism
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Occupational Diseases (Part 2) - Industrial and Agricultrual Hazards
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ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 8107221448 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
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STIs may cause PID. For the both disease, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
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Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
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Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
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Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Pareek's Scale for assessing Socio-Economic Status
- 1. UDAY PAREEK SCALE Group B Socio-economic status and Health
- 2. Pareek’s scale (Tables 1 and 2) was developed by Uday Pareek for calculating and examine the socio-economic status (SES) for rural population. Uday Pareek and G Trivedi (1964) attempted to examine the SES for the rural or mixed population only. Scale consists of a manual and one information bank This scale does not emphasize the economic aspect and can only be used for rural subjects. The reliability of the scale was found to be very high(r = 0.93). It consists of nine factors – 1) Caste 2) occupation of the HOF 3) education of the HOF 4) level of social participation of the HOF 5) Landholding 6) Housing 7) farm power (animals) 8) material possession 9) type of family.
- 3. Each of these components are given scores and by summing up all the components the SES can be determined and catagorized ino several classes viz: I. Upper II. Upper middle III. Lower middle IV. Upper lower V. Lower lower After filling the information and scoring the individuals items, the total score is summed up and then interprete in terms of the class.
- 5. CASTE
- 6. OCCUPATION
- 7. EDUCATION
- 9. LANDHOLDING
- 10. HOUSING
- 11. FARM POWER
- 14. Scores ranges from a maximum value of 49 to minimum value of 3 The total score is graded into five SES categories:
- 15. ADVANTAGES Income may be concealed and it may not be easy to determine The scale is very easy to sue To determine the level of poverty, these criteria can be adopted to classify the family as below poverty line (BPL) or above poverty line (APL).
- 16. DISADVANTAGES The use is only restricted to rural population Contains too many components that are difficult to access.
- 17. BIBLIOGRAPHY Suryakantha Community medicine K Park’s PSM bing.com/images