This document discusses social stratification and the different systems used to rank individuals in a society. It describes the four main systems - slavery, caste, estate, and class - and explains how social mobility and status can vary between them. Key factors like wealth, power, prestige, occupation, gender, race, and age are used to stratify and rank people in a hierarchy within a social structure.

1. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

2. STRATIFICATION
- comes from the Latin word “strata”
which means level
- system of individual statuses within a
group, community or organization
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
- system by which a
society ranks
categories of people
in a hierarchy

3. HOW ARE PEOPLE RANKED?
Income
Occupation
Power
Privilege
Manner of living
Region where they live
Age
Gender
Race
The greater power, status and
wealth, the more privileges
and opportunities one can get.

4. WEALTH – associated with education,
income and occupation
BASES OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
POWER – ability of one party to
affect the behavior of another party
PRESTIGE – the distinction or
reputation and how people are
subjectively evaluated by others

5. SOCIAL
CLASS
PERCENTAGE OCCUPATION
Lower Class 70% Laborers and unskilled
workers
Middle Class 20% Professionals, skilled or
semi-skilled workers in
offices, factories or
farms
Upper Class 10% Wealthy industrialists
with big corporations,
the owner of large
plantation or haciendas
*Zaide Gregorio and Zaide, Philippine History, 5th ed. Philippines: All Nations Publishers, 2005

6. TYPES OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION /
FOUR SYSTEMS OF SOCIAL ART
SLAVERY SYSTEM
CASTE SYSTEM
ESTATE SYSTEM
CLASS SYSTEM

7. SLAVERY SYSTEM
Birth
Consequence of
committing a crime
Military defeat
Indebtedness
Capture and sale

8. CASTE SYSTEM
India Four Caste
Groups
Brahmin
(Brahman)
Kshariya
(Kshatriya)
Vaishya
Untouchables

9. ESTATE SYSTEM
Clergy
Nobility
Merchants
Artisans
Peasants

10. CLASS SYSTEM

11. SOCIAL MOBILITY - the comparative
position by which one can improve or worsen
his social and economic standing in society
Slavery System - possible
Caste System - impossible
Estate System – low but possible
Class System – possible and frequently occurring

12. 1. Horizontal Social Mobility
2. Vertical Social Mobility
- Intergenerational/Generational Mobility
- Intragenerational/Career Mobility
TWO TYPES OF SOCIAL MOBILITY

13. STATUS –based on the social position
of people that others give to them
Achieved Status – one
that the person has
worked for
Ascribed Status – one that
is inherited from parents

14. RACE – biological attribution of
a group of people
transmitted from one
generation to another
OTHER BASES OF SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
ETHNICITY – a distinctive social
identity based on unique
cultural traits
- Majority Cultural Groups
- Minority Groups/Cultural Communities

15. GENDER – based on the personal
traits and social positions that
members of a society attach to
being male or female
AGE/AGING - can be examine according to 3
processes that affect people as they grow older
3 Processes
Biological
Psychological
Social

16. DISENGAGEMENT
THEORY – states that
older adults withdraw
from personal
relationships, society
and from their common
social roles
ACTIVITY THEORY –
proposes that successful
aging occurs when older
adults stay active and
maintain social
interactions
SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY