This document defines and discusses social stratification. It begins by defining social stratification as the horizontal division of society into higher and lower social units. It then discusses the main types of social stratification: caste systems and class systems. Caste systems determine social status based on birth, while class systems are based on factors like wealth, education, and occupation that can change over time. The document also discusses social status, which is the honor or prestige associated with one's social position, and social mobility, which refers to movement between social statuses.

1. SOCI AL
STRATI FI CATI ON
Sheeba

2. O B J E C T I V E S
• Definition of social stratification
• Various types in social stratification
• What is social class system
• Social status
• Social mobility

4. I N T R O D U C T I O N
• The process by which individuals and groups are ranked is more or
less enduring hierarchy(Social order) of status is knows as
stratification
• Every society is divided into more or less distinct groups
• Even the primitive societies had some form of social stratification
• Stratification involves the distribution of unequal right and
privileges among the members of the society

5. D E F I N I T I O N
• “Social Stratification is the horizontal division of society
into higher and Lower Social Units” - Raymond W Murray
• “Social stratification refers to “arrangement of any social
group or society into hierarchy of positions that are
unequal with regard to power, property, social evaluation
and psychic gratification”.-Melvin M Tumin

6. C O N T I N … .
• Opinions that if we look at the culture of the world
we find no society which is unstratified. All society
have arranged their members in terms of
superiority, inferiority and equality. This vertical
form of evaluation is know as social stratification-
Kingslay Davis

7. T Y P E S
There are mainly two types of social stratification
• Caste System
• Class System

8. C A S T E S Y S T E M
Determining the social status of an individual or group on the basis of caste is
called caste stratification; For example – Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and
Shudras.
A caste is a group having two Characteristics:
• Membership is confined to those who are born of members and includes
all persons so born,
• The members are forbidden by an inexorable social law to marry outside
the group

9. C O N T I N . . .

10. C L A S S S Y S T E M S
• Class is a group of people having the same social status
with respect to certain characteristics. These
characteristics are not ascribed (given by birth) usually but
are earned through individual efforts
• "A social class is a culturally defined group that is
accorded a particular position or status within the
population as a whole" - Lapiere

12. C O N T I N … .
• Characteristics of class :
• On Basis of mode of earning Livelihood
◇ Business class
◇ Professional class
◇ Labor class

13. C O N T I N …
• On the basis of economic condition
◇ Upper class
◇ Middle class
◇Lower class
• One the basis of educational achievement
◇ Uneducated
◇ Less educated
◇ Educated

14. S O C I A L S TAT U S
• Social status refers to the honor or prestige attached to one’s position
in society. It may also refer to a rank or position that one holds in a
group, such as son or daughter, playmate, pupil, etc. One’s social status
is determined in different ways. One can earn his or her social status by
his or her own achievements; this is known as achieved status
Alternatively, one can inherit his or her position on the social hierarchy;
this is known as ascribed status An ascribed status can also be defined
as one that is fixed for an individual at birth, like sex, race, and
socioeconomic background.

15. S O C I A L M O B I L I T Y
• The movement of people or group from one social status or
position to another status or position is known as social
mobility. For example the poor people may become rich.
• Types of social mobility
◇Vertical mobility
◇Horizontal mobility

16. C O N T I N …

17. C O N T I N …
• Vertical mobility: Refers to the movement of people of
groups from one status to another. It involves change in
class, occupation or power.
• Horizontal mobility: It is a change in position without the
change in status.It indicates a change in position without the
change of status.

18. R E F E R E N C E
• Krishna Gowda “Essentials of sociology for BSc Nursing students” First edition CBS publishers &
Distributors page no : 161,162,164,173-176
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