The document discusses concepts related to social stratification, including attributions, stereotypes, self-fulfilling prophecies, and social comparisons. It contrasts conflict theory, which focuses on the struggle for resources between classes, and functionalist theory, which sees stratification as a necessary societal function. It also explores methods of classifying social classes and theories regarding wealth distribution.

3. 1. ATTRIBUTIONS.
It assigns to people different attributes as a result of differentiation
2. STEREOTYPE.
In this process, one assumes that person who fall into a particular
category on the basis of certain characteristics also have many
characteristics that we assume to belong to that category
3. SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECIES.
As a consequence of our perceptions and attendant actions, the
person may begin to act as we expect him or her to act. Thus,
assigning a stereotype to a person may result in a self-fulling
prophecy.

4. 4. SOCIAL COMPARISONS
Social scientists find that people need to compare
themselves with others in order to establish for themselves
for what kind of people they are.
5. A FAIR WORLD
We often find that people are more concerned about
establishing equity than equality.
6. JUST WORLD HYPOTHESIS
People like to believe that there is justice, that people get
what they deserve.

6. 1. WEALTH AND INCOME
Wealth – what people own
Income – refers to how much people get; it is the amount of
money one person or group receives.
2. INEQUALITIES OF POWER
Power – is a fundamental and inherent element in all human
interaction at every social level.
3. INEQUALITIES OF PRESTIGE
Prestige provides people with a sense of worth and respect, a
feeling that somehow they are accepted and valued by others.

7. THE SUBJECTIVE METHOD
Researchers using this method simply ask a random sample
of the population to the class they belong to.
THE REPUTATIONAL METHOD
Using this method, the researchers select a small town and
ask a number of residents to assist them in their study.
THE OBJECTIVE METHOD
In this method, the researchers divides people into social
classes according to their income, occupation, education
and type of residence.

8. A.) THE CONFLICT THEORY stresses the link between stratification
and an ongoing struggle among competing groups and classes over
limited supply of reward and resources.
An advocate of the conflict theory was KARL MARX who believed that
all history has been the story of class conflict over material privilege and
power.
One group, the EXPLOITERS, strives to maintain its advantage over
subordinate groups, the EXPLOITED. In a capitalist society, the struggle
takes place between those who own the means of production--- the
BOURGEOISIE (the capitalist), and those who sell their labor --- the
PROLETARIAT (workers).

9. 1. TO EACH ACCORDING TO NEED – the basic economic
needs of all people are satisfied
2. TO EACH ACCORDING TO WANT – wealth is distributed
according to what people desire or request
3. TO EACH ACCORDING TO WHAT IS EARNED – people
who live according in this system become themselves the source
of their own wealth
4. TO EACH ACCORDING TO WHAT CAN BE TAKEN –
everyone ruthlessly attempts to acquire as much wealth as possible
without regard for the hardships that might be brought on the
others bec of these actions.

10. B.) THE FUNCTIONALIST THEORY. KINGSLEY DAVIS
elaborated the idea that stratification serves an important function
in society.
Combining the two theories, Theodore D. Kemper finds common
ground for the conflict and functional theories in the ff:
1. Both theories acknowledge that the evaluation of the
contributions of jobs to society also determines unequal rewards.
2. The Marxist theory leans heavily on the significance of power in
the distribution of resources, while the functionalists emphasize
the necessity of assigning some positions or work higher status
than others.
3. Both theories recognize that social power plays a part in
determining the unequal distribution of rewards.