The project is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal system having remote override facilities. During normal time the signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at the junction but in the event of any emergency vehicle like ambulance, fire brigade etc. requiring priority are built in with RF remote control to override the set timing by providing instantaneous green signal in the desired direction while blocking the other lanes by red signal for some time. Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across the world thus it is felt imperative to provide such facilities to important vehicles. Conventional traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted to each side of the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic density. Junction timings allotted are fixed. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. The proposed system using a PIC microcontroller duly interfaced with sensors, changes the junction timing automatically to accommodate movement of vehicles smoothly avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The sensors used in this project are IR, are in line of sight configuration across the loads to detect the density at the traffic signal. The override feature is activated by an on board RF transmitter operated from the emergency vehicle.

1. SMART TRAFFIC
CONTROL
LEKHA M[B3ENEE3305]
THRISHNA JAYARAJ[B3ENEE3312]
SRUTHI M SURENDRAN[B3ENEE3311]
1

2. 2
 INTRODUCTION
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MAIN CIRCUIT
AMBULANCE RECEIVER CIRCUIT
AMBULANCE TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT
 WORKING
 COMPONENT
 FLOW CHART
 PROJECT IMPLEMENTION STEPS
BREAD BOARD CONNECTION
PCB LAYOUT [MAIN CIRCUIT ]
PCB LAYOUT[AMBULANCE CIRCUIT ]
MAIN CIRCUIT
AMBULANCE CIRCUIT
 COMPLETED MODEL
 ADVANTAGES
 LIMITATIONS
 APPLICATION
 CONCLUSION
2

3. INTRODUCTION
 Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major
cities across the world.
 We developed a traffic control system, which can
measure both traffic load and emergency vehicles .
 We implemented a sensor network work which is used to
detect the traffic density.
 A RF based communication system is used for getting
information from the emergency vehicle.
3

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM
4
IR SENSOR
NODE 1
PIC16F877A
IR SENSOR
NODE 2
IR SENSOR
NODE 3
IR SENSOR
NODE 4
TRAFFIC
LIGHT 1
TRAFFIC
LIGHT 2
TRAFFIC
LIGHT 3
TRAFFIC
LIGHT 4
RF RECIVER
POWER
SUPPLY UNIT
DIGITAL
DECODER
CIRCUIT
DATA
ENCODER
IRF
TRANSMITTER
AMBULANCE CIRCUITMAIN CIRCUIT

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION
5
PIC16F877A
 This microcontroller is very convenient to use.
 The coding or programming of this controller is also
easier.
 It can be write-erase as many times as possible.
 It has a total number of 40 pins and there are 33
pins for input and output.
 . It is used in remote sensors, security and safety
devices, home automation etc.

6. 6
PIN DESCRIPTION

7. IR SENSOR
o Used for object detection using which the system
gets an input of the traffic density.
o Traffic density is measured as “low, medium and
high.
o The system adjusts and varies the traffic signal
duration for that particular way.
7

8. POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT
 It convert one form of electrical energy to another
 Transformer convert the input voltage to a higher
or lower AC voltage.
 Rectifier convert the transformer output voltage to
a varying DC voltage.
 Filter convert it to an unregulated DC voltage.
8

9. RF MODULE
 It comprises of an RF Transmitter and an RF
Receiver.
 HT12E Encoder IC will convert the 4 bit parallel
data given to pins D0 – D3 to serial data and will be
available at DOUT.
 This output serial data is given to ASK RF
Transmitter.
 . HT12D decoder will convert the received serial
data to 4 bit parallel data D0 – D3.
9

10. TRAFFIC LIGHTS
 The red signal prohibits any traffic from proceeding.
 The amber (yellow) light warns that the signals is
about to change to red.
 The green light allows traffic to proceed in the
direction denoted.
 Blue LEDs are provide in each lane for the arrival
of any emergency
10

11. COMPONENTS
11
PIC16F877A IR SENSOR
LED ENCODER
DECODER
RF MODULE

12. CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
 Main circuit diagram
 Ambulance Receiver Circuit
 Ambulance Transmitter Circuit
12

13. MAIN CIRCUIT
13

14. AMBULANCE RECIVER CIRCUIT
14

15. AMBULANCE TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT
15

16. WORKING
16
DENSITY BASED OPERATION

17.  Consider a junction where three lights (green,
amber and red) are arranged on all four sides.
 Three sensors placed at each road , marks low,
medium and high density zones respectively
 High density traffic there will be more allotment of
time and for low density low time respectively.
 In other side it is continously monitors the RF
receiver information.
17

18. EMERGENCY VEHICLE OPEARTION

19. FLOWCHART
19
START
ININITILISATION OF PORTS
SET SIGNALS
CHECK
DENSITY
CHECK FOR
EMERGENCY
VEHICLE
NORMAL
OPERATION
DENSITY BASED
DELAY
NORMAL
OPERATION
STOP
SWITCHING GREEN
ON EMERGENCY
VECHILE SIDE

20. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STEPS
 Stage: 1
Bread Board Circuit
 Stage :2
PCB Layout
 Stage: 3
Main Circuit & Ambulance Circuit
 Stage :4
Final Set Up
20

21. BREAD BOARD CIRCUIT
21
LED
PIC16F877A
SUPPLY
SWITCHES

22. PCB LAYOUT
22
MAIN CIRCUIT

23. 23
AMBULANCE CIRCUIT

24. MODEL
24
RF RECEIVER
DECODER
PIC18F877a
POWER
CIRCUIT
MAIN CIRCUIT

25. 25AMBULANCE CIRCUIT
ENCODER
RF TRANSMITTER

26. 2
6
 AMBULANCE
CIRCUIT
MAIN
CIRCUIT
TRAFFIC
LIGHTS
IR
SENSOR
TRANSFORMER
COMPLETED MODEL

27. ADVANTAGES
 Better than time based traffic control.
 Save considerable amount of time
 Avoid traffic jams which causes public
inconvenience
 No need of traffic inspector at the junctions
27

28. LIMITATIONS
 IR sensors sometimes may absorb normal light
also.
 IR sensors work only for fewer distances.
 Should arrange in accurate manner otherwise they
may not detect the traffic density.
28

29. APPLICATIONS
 Avoids wastage of time due to the traffic
 Fully automatic
 Low power consumption
 It provides the easy access in the traffic light.
 Low cost to design the circuit, maintenance of the
circuit is good
 Easy convenience to handle
29

30. FUTURE SCOPE
 The system can be replaced by image processing
system which will give efficient results .
30

31. CONCLUSION
 By using this system configuration we can reduce the
possibilities of traffic jams.
 The number of passing vehicles on the road decides the
density range of traffics and on the basis of vehicle
count microcontroller decides the traffic light delays.
 Traffic load and emergency vehicles are continuously
measured by sensors connected to a microcontroller-
based system which also performs all intersection control
functions.
31

32. REFERENCE
 JATES-International Journal of Advanced Technology In
Engineering and Science
 Ijates.com, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.ijates.com.
 Jameco Electronics - Electronic Components Distributor
DECORDER
 Jameco.com, 2016. [Online]. Available:
http://www.jameco.com.
 RFI-"RFID", Rentron.com, 2016. [Online]. Available:
http://www.rentron.com.
 ELECTRONICS HUB
 "Electronics Hub", Electronicshub.in, 2016. [Online]. Available:
http://www.electronicshub.in.
 DATA SHEET", 2016. [Online]. Available:
http://WWW.catalog.com.
 DATA SHEET” 2016. [Online]. Available:
http://WWW.electronics tutorial.com. 32

33. THANK YOU
33