The document provides an overview of smart grids and discusses some of the key challenges in implementing smart grid technologies. It begins with definitions of traditional grids and smart grids. Some key differences noted are that smart grids incorporate two-way communication, distributed generation, sensors throughout the system, and self-monitoring and self-healing capabilities. The document then discusses challenges such as lack of awareness of smart grid standards, integrating various communication technologies, and ensuring security in an increasingly networked system. Overall the document provides background on smart grids and highlights both technological aspects and challenges in transitioning energy infrastructure.
The document discusses smart grids and their advantages over traditional electricity grids. A smart grid uses two-way communication, distributed generation sources, and sensors throughout the system to allow for self-monitoring and self-healing. This improves reliability, security, efficiency, and reduces environmental impacts compared to existing grids which are electromechanical with one-way communication and centralized generation. The document outlines some of India's smart grid pilot projects and challenges in implementing smart grids such as high costs, security concerns, and lack of public awareness.
The document discusses smart grids, which integrate information and communication technology into the existing electricity grid to increase reliability, security, and efficiency while reducing environmental impacts. It compares the existing grid, which uses electromechanical and one-way communication, to the smart grid, which uses digital communication and sensors for self-monitoring and restoration. The smart grid works by integrating distributed energy sources and using continuous monitoring for fault prevention and control. This improves energy conservation during transmission, distribution, and transformation. India faces electricity demand and deficit issues that smart grids could help address through their advantages and various pilot projects.
The document discusses key aspects of smart grids including how they allow two-way communication between utilities and consumers to save energy and reduce costs and emissions. It also discusses how smart grids optimize the operation of interconnected grid elements and integrate renewable energy and energy storage. Challenges to smart grids include upgrading aging infrastructure and developing regulatory policies to accommodate features like time-of-use pricing.
Smart Grid is a domain that straddles several technologies. This is an attempt to present a quick outline of the relevant technologies. The presentation also includes a bird's eye view of the key smart grid players including large companies, start-ups and power utilities.
Smart Grid Components Control Elements & Smart Grid TechnologySurajPrakash115
1. The document discusses the key components of a smart grid, including monitoring and control technology, transmission systems, smart devices interfaces, distribution systems, storage, and demand side management.
2. It describes each component in detail, explaining their functions and how they improve reliability, integration of renewable resources, and two-way power flow.
3. The technologies that will drive smart grids are identified as integrated communications, sensing and measurement, advanced components, and advanced control methods.
The document discusses key aspects of smart grid distribution systems, including what a smart grid is, how it works, its components like smart meters and microgrids, and technologies involved like SCADA systems and energy storage. Some benefits are more reliable and accurate billing, reduced energy theft, and improved integration of distributed renewable generation. Case studies show how utilities are implementing smart grid technologies to improve reliability, incorporate more renewables, and engage customers.
The document discusses India's power grid network and the transition to a smart grid system. It provides information on:
- India's existing regional power grids and their interconnections.
- The definition and key characteristics of a smart grid, including its use of digital technology, smart meters, and two-way communication.
- The advantages of a smart grid like enabling renewable energy integration, demand response programs, and modernizing transmission and distribution systems.
concept of resilience and self healing in smart gridKundan Kumar
The document discusses concepts related to resilience and self-healing in smart grids. It defines a smart grid as an electrical grid using communications technologies to improve efficiency. Key functions include enabling customer participation and accommodating different generation options. Self-healing is the ability of a system to automatically restore itself without human intervention. For the electrical grid, this means timely detection of issues and minimizing loss of service through reconfiguring resources. The transmission and distribution components can be modeled using graph theory to analyze resilience. Automatic meter reading is one approach for distribution grids.
The document discusses smart grids and their advantages over traditional electricity grids. A smart grid uses two-way communication, distributed generation sources, and sensors throughout the system to allow for self-monitoring and self-healing. This improves reliability, security, efficiency, and reduces environmental impacts compared to existing grids which are electromechanical with one-way communication and centralized generation. The document outlines some of India's smart grid pilot projects and challenges in implementing smart grids such as high costs, security concerns, and lack of public awareness.
The document discusses smart grids, which integrate information and communication technology into the existing electricity grid to increase reliability, security, and efficiency while reducing environmental impacts. It compares the existing grid, which uses electromechanical and one-way communication, to the smart grid, which uses digital communication and sensors for self-monitoring and restoration. The smart grid works by integrating distributed energy sources and using continuous monitoring for fault prevention and control. This improves energy conservation during transmission, distribution, and transformation. India faces electricity demand and deficit issues that smart grids could help address through their advantages and various pilot projects.
The document discusses key aspects of smart grids including how they allow two-way communication between utilities and consumers to save energy and reduce costs and emissions. It also discusses how smart grids optimize the operation of interconnected grid elements and integrate renewable energy and energy storage. Challenges to smart grids include upgrading aging infrastructure and developing regulatory policies to accommodate features like time-of-use pricing.
Smart Grid is a domain that straddles several technologies. This is an attempt to present a quick outline of the relevant technologies. The presentation also includes a bird's eye view of the key smart grid players including large companies, start-ups and power utilities.
Smart Grid Components Control Elements & Smart Grid TechnologySurajPrakash115
1. The document discusses the key components of a smart grid, including monitoring and control technology, transmission systems, smart devices interfaces, distribution systems, storage, and demand side management.
2. It describes each component in detail, explaining their functions and how they improve reliability, integration of renewable resources, and two-way power flow.
3. The technologies that will drive smart grids are identified as integrated communications, sensing and measurement, advanced components, and advanced control methods.
The document discusses key aspects of smart grid distribution systems, including what a smart grid is, how it works, its components like smart meters and microgrids, and technologies involved like SCADA systems and energy storage. Some benefits are more reliable and accurate billing, reduced energy theft, and improved integration of distributed renewable generation. Case studies show how utilities are implementing smart grid technologies to improve reliability, incorporate more renewables, and engage customers.
The document discusses India's power grid network and the transition to a smart grid system. It provides information on:
- India's existing regional power grids and their interconnections.
- The definition and key characteristics of a smart grid, including its use of digital technology, smart meters, and two-way communication.
- The advantages of a smart grid like enabling renewable energy integration, demand response programs, and modernizing transmission and distribution systems.
concept of resilience and self healing in smart gridKundan Kumar
The document discusses concepts related to resilience and self-healing in smart grids. It defines a smart grid as an electrical grid using communications technologies to improve efficiency. Key functions include enabling customer participation and accommodating different generation options. Self-healing is the ability of a system to automatically restore itself without human intervention. For the electrical grid, this means timely detection of issues and minimizing loss of service through reconfiguring resources. The transmission and distribution components can be modeled using graph theory to analyze resilience. Automatic meter reading is one approach for distribution grids.
The document provides an introduction to smart grid technologies. It defines a smart grid as an electricity network that uses digital computing and communication technologies to intelligently integrate generators, consumers, and prosumers. The key components of a smart grid include smart meters, home energy management systems, renewable generation integration, and technologies like sensing and advanced control methods. While smart grids provide benefits like improved reliability and sustainability, challenges remain around costs, policy and regulation, and ensuring interoperability between new and old equipment. Overall, smart grids are seen as revolutionizing the electrical network for more efficient, reliable and green energy in the future.
This document discusses smart grid technology. It begins by defining the electric grid as the network that delivers electricity from power plants to homes. It then defines smart grid as a two-way system of transmitting electricity and communication. The document outlines the need for smart grids to satisfy increasing demand, reduce losses, integrate renewable energy, and establish utility-consumer communication. It lists benefits like improved reliability, economic savings, efficiency, environmental gains, safety, and security. It also discusses the differences between conventional and smart grids, types of smart grids, key drivers for smart grids, and challenges to smart grid implementation.
Shari Ishikawa from HECO describes what the term Smart Grid means, and the Smart Grid-related projects HECO is working on. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-15.
This document discusses communications technologies for smart grids, including Zigbee, wireless mesh networks, cellular networks, powerline communication, and digital subscriber lines. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each technology and describes smart grid communication requirements like security, reliability, scalability, and quality of service. Key smart grid standards are also outlined covering various areas such as revenue metering, building automation, powerline networking, device communication, cybersecurity, and electric vehicles.
The presentation discusses smart grid technology, including its attributes, reasons for use, components, users, and how it works. A smart grid uses information technologies to improve how electricity is delivered from power plants to consumers. It allows for two-way interaction between consumers and the grid and integrates new technologies. Key benefits include reduced costs, improved reliability, efficiency and capacity, enabling predictive maintenance and automated operations. Security and privacy are main concerns due to two-way communication and potential for hacking of automated meters. The future of smart grid is uncertain but may become widely used over the long run.
The document discusses the implementation of the Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Program (R-APDRP) in Rajasthan, India. Key points:
- R-APDRP aims to establish reliable baseline data and adopt IT in energy accounting to reduce losses before distribution strengthening projects.
- It has two parts - Part A focuses on IT applications for energy auditing and consumer services. Part B covers network renovation.
- The Discoms of Rajasthan have taken steps like forming implementation committees and appointing an IT consultant to timely execute the scheme and avail grants.
- Benefits of R-APDRP include increased consumer satisfaction, transparency, reduced out
A survey on smart grid technologies and applicationsdileep punalur
This document provides a survey of smart grid technologies and applications. It defines smart grid and discusses its key characteristics and functions. The smart grid uses digital technologies to provide a two-way power flow system that is self-healing, resilient, and sustainable. It allows for integration of renewable energy and distributed generation. Smart grid technologies discussed include smart meters, smart sensors, vehicle-to-grid, and home and building automation. The document also explores smart grid applications for metering, communication, and substation, feeder, and home automation. Overall, the smart grid is expected to provide economic and environmental benefits through improved efficiency, reliability, and integration of renewable energy.
Manel Sanmarti
IREC - Catalonia Institute for Energy Research
WORKSHOP: “DEFINING SMART GRIDS: CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION”
SESSION 2: SMART GRIDS CHALLENGES: THE VISION OF TECHNOLOGICAL CENTRES
Barcelona, 9th February 2017
Organised by TR@NSENER Consortium.
TR@NSENER - European cooperation Network on Energy Transition in Electricity
this slide shows what is smart grid ,its comparison between the electromechanical grids . smart meters and devises for the smart grid . benefit of smart grid . and a conclution
By using smart grid technology energy can be utilized to the maximum and would not be wasted. It refers to the modernized version of the earlier traditional method of energy supply. Allows consumers to interact with the grid.
Security challenges to power grid and smart grid infrastructuresP K Agarwal
The document discusses security challenges facing power grids and smart grids. It notes increasing blackouts in the US and cyber security incidents globally. The Indian power grid is vast in size and undergoing smart grid pilots. Security encompasses operational, physical and cyber security. Challenges include the tight coupling of IT and physical infrastructure, legacy systems, and continuous availability demands. Collaboration between industry, government and academia is needed to address challenges through standards, technologies and a process-based approach.
The document discusses smart grid technology, including its key features and components. A smart grid uses two-way digital communication to deliver power more efficiently by integrating renewable energy, automated demand response, and distributed generation. It allows for better management of supply and demand through technologies like smart meters, power line communication, and advanced distribution automation. The smart grid aims to address issues with existing power grids like high outage costs and inefficient peak load management through real-time monitoring and control enabled by communication networks and technologies. Future work is still needed in areas like security, standardization, and reducing upfront consumer expenses.
Smart distribution system the need of automation & it application in powe...SoumyaRanjanDas13
This document discusses automation technologies in power distribution systems. It describes several key automation systems including SCADA for monitoring equipment, substation automation, distribution management systems, outage management systems, advanced metering infrastructure, and geographical information systems. It also discusses smart meters and remote control switches as devices used in automation. The document provides details on the features and functions of these various automation components for improving reliability, efficiency, and safety in power distribution networks.
This document discusses advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). It defines AMI as a system that allows for two-way communication between utilities and smart meters, enabling near real-time collection and transfer of energy usage data. The key components of an AMI system include smart meters, communications infrastructure, home area networks, a meter data management system, and operational gateways. While costly to implement, AMI provides benefits like improved reliability, lower energy costs, and reduced electricity theft. The document also examines AMI in the context of India's power grid and estimates costs associated with deployment.
This document provides an introduction to smart grids. It defines a smart grid as an intelligent power grid that uses communication technology and smart meters to allow bidirectional power flow and handle distributed energy resources. The key benefits of smart grids are more reliable, flexible, efficient and robust power delivery. Smart grids modernize the traditional one-way power grid into an automated system with two-way data communication between power producers and consumers. This enables features like self-monitoring, self-healing and demand response capabilities. Security is also an important consideration for smart grids due to the integration of digital technologies.
SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA - by Mr. S.R. Sethi, Senior Advisor UPES UPES Dehradun
This document provides an overview of power generation and distribution in India. It discusses the various modes of power generation including thermal (~65%), hydro (~22%), and renewable (~10%) sources. Power is transmitted through central and state transmission utilities and distributed to end users through distribution agencies. The key end user segments are industries (38%), domestic (22%), agriculture (22%), and commercial (8%). The document also discusses India's goals for renewable energy capacity addition and integration through its 12th and 13th five year plans.
The document discusses smart grid technology. It begins with an introduction and then covers related work, components of a smart grid like connectivity networks and access networks, how smart grids work using two-way communication, features, comparisons to traditional grids, advantages like reduced losses and carbon footprint, and disadvantages like intermittent renewable sources. It concludes that smart grids will modernize energy supply and create smart homes and cities. The future scope is improved infrastructure and widespread adoption like the Internet. References are provided.
A smart grid uses digital technology and two-way communication to allow for better management of electricity demand and integration of renewable energy sources. It aims to reduce electricity deficits in India by over 10% through components like smart meters and intelligent appliances. The smart grid will consist of interconnected control systems and technologies working with the electrical grid to respond dynamically to changing energy demands.
The document discusses smart grid technology and microgrids. It describes how smart grids can automate and manage electricity distribution more efficiently through features like two-way communication, remote monitoring and control, and distribution automation. This allows for quicker outage response, integration of renewable energy, and empowers consumers to manage electricity use. Microgrids provide localized grid flexibility and reliability while reducing costs and carbon emissions. The document outlines some implementations and benefits to utilities and consumers of smart technologies.
The document discusses India's electrical grid and the need for a smart grid. It notes that India's current electricity demand is 210,000 megawatts but production is only 182,200 megawatts, resulting in a deficit of 10.2%. A smart grid would use digital technology and two-way communication to automate control and improve reliability, efficiency, and use of renewable energy sources. Key benefits would include economic development through new jobs and innovation, higher customer satisfaction through improved reliability and outage reduction, and environmental benefits from reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
This document discusses smart grid technology. It defines smart grid as an electric grid that uses information and communication technology to gather data and act on information about supplier and consumer behavior. The key components of a smart grid are smart meters, phasor measurement, information transfer, and distributed generation. A smart grid offers benefits like reduced carbon footprint, improved distribution management, self-healing capabilities, and increased efficiency. Specific ideas presented for a smart grid include a power management app that provides household electricity usage insights and allows selling regenerative power back to the grid.
The document provides an introduction to smart grid technologies. It defines a smart grid as an electricity network that uses digital computing and communication technologies to intelligently integrate generators, consumers, and prosumers. The key components of a smart grid include smart meters, home energy management systems, renewable generation integration, and technologies like sensing and advanced control methods. While smart grids provide benefits like improved reliability and sustainability, challenges remain around costs, policy and regulation, and ensuring interoperability between new and old equipment. Overall, smart grids are seen as revolutionizing the electrical network for more efficient, reliable and green energy in the future.
This document discusses smart grid technology. It begins by defining the electric grid as the network that delivers electricity from power plants to homes. It then defines smart grid as a two-way system of transmitting electricity and communication. The document outlines the need for smart grids to satisfy increasing demand, reduce losses, integrate renewable energy, and establish utility-consumer communication. It lists benefits like improved reliability, economic savings, efficiency, environmental gains, safety, and security. It also discusses the differences between conventional and smart grids, types of smart grids, key drivers for smart grids, and challenges to smart grid implementation.
Shari Ishikawa from HECO describes what the term Smart Grid means, and the Smart Grid-related projects HECO is working on. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-15.
This document discusses communications technologies for smart grids, including Zigbee, wireless mesh networks, cellular networks, powerline communication, and digital subscriber lines. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each technology and describes smart grid communication requirements like security, reliability, scalability, and quality of service. Key smart grid standards are also outlined covering various areas such as revenue metering, building automation, powerline networking, device communication, cybersecurity, and electric vehicles.
The presentation discusses smart grid technology, including its attributes, reasons for use, components, users, and how it works. A smart grid uses information technologies to improve how electricity is delivered from power plants to consumers. It allows for two-way interaction between consumers and the grid and integrates new technologies. Key benefits include reduced costs, improved reliability, efficiency and capacity, enabling predictive maintenance and automated operations. Security and privacy are main concerns due to two-way communication and potential for hacking of automated meters. The future of smart grid is uncertain but may become widely used over the long run.
The document discusses the implementation of the Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Program (R-APDRP) in Rajasthan, India. Key points:
- R-APDRP aims to establish reliable baseline data and adopt IT in energy accounting to reduce losses before distribution strengthening projects.
- It has two parts - Part A focuses on IT applications for energy auditing and consumer services. Part B covers network renovation.
- The Discoms of Rajasthan have taken steps like forming implementation committees and appointing an IT consultant to timely execute the scheme and avail grants.
- Benefits of R-APDRP include increased consumer satisfaction, transparency, reduced out
A survey on smart grid technologies and applicationsdileep punalur
This document provides a survey of smart grid technologies and applications. It defines smart grid and discusses its key characteristics and functions. The smart grid uses digital technologies to provide a two-way power flow system that is self-healing, resilient, and sustainable. It allows for integration of renewable energy and distributed generation. Smart grid technologies discussed include smart meters, smart sensors, vehicle-to-grid, and home and building automation. The document also explores smart grid applications for metering, communication, and substation, feeder, and home automation. Overall, the smart grid is expected to provide economic and environmental benefits through improved efficiency, reliability, and integration of renewable energy.
Manel Sanmarti
IREC - Catalonia Institute for Energy Research
WORKSHOP: “DEFINING SMART GRIDS: CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION”
SESSION 2: SMART GRIDS CHALLENGES: THE VISION OF TECHNOLOGICAL CENTRES
Barcelona, 9th February 2017
Organised by TR@NSENER Consortium.
TR@NSENER - European cooperation Network on Energy Transition in Electricity
this slide shows what is smart grid ,its comparison between the electromechanical grids . smart meters and devises for the smart grid . benefit of smart grid . and a conclution
By using smart grid technology energy can be utilized to the maximum and would not be wasted. It refers to the modernized version of the earlier traditional method of energy supply. Allows consumers to interact with the grid.
Security challenges to power grid and smart grid infrastructuresP K Agarwal
The document discusses security challenges facing power grids and smart grids. It notes increasing blackouts in the US and cyber security incidents globally. The Indian power grid is vast in size and undergoing smart grid pilots. Security encompasses operational, physical and cyber security. Challenges include the tight coupling of IT and physical infrastructure, legacy systems, and continuous availability demands. Collaboration between industry, government and academia is needed to address challenges through standards, technologies and a process-based approach.
The document discusses smart grid technology, including its key features and components. A smart grid uses two-way digital communication to deliver power more efficiently by integrating renewable energy, automated demand response, and distributed generation. It allows for better management of supply and demand through technologies like smart meters, power line communication, and advanced distribution automation. The smart grid aims to address issues with existing power grids like high outage costs and inefficient peak load management through real-time monitoring and control enabled by communication networks and technologies. Future work is still needed in areas like security, standardization, and reducing upfront consumer expenses.
Smart distribution system the need of automation & it application in powe...SoumyaRanjanDas13
This document discusses automation technologies in power distribution systems. It describes several key automation systems including SCADA for monitoring equipment, substation automation, distribution management systems, outage management systems, advanced metering infrastructure, and geographical information systems. It also discusses smart meters and remote control switches as devices used in automation. The document provides details on the features and functions of these various automation components for improving reliability, efficiency, and safety in power distribution networks.
This document discusses advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). It defines AMI as a system that allows for two-way communication between utilities and smart meters, enabling near real-time collection and transfer of energy usage data. The key components of an AMI system include smart meters, communications infrastructure, home area networks, a meter data management system, and operational gateways. While costly to implement, AMI provides benefits like improved reliability, lower energy costs, and reduced electricity theft. The document also examines AMI in the context of India's power grid and estimates costs associated with deployment.
This document provides an introduction to smart grids. It defines a smart grid as an intelligent power grid that uses communication technology and smart meters to allow bidirectional power flow and handle distributed energy resources. The key benefits of smart grids are more reliable, flexible, efficient and robust power delivery. Smart grids modernize the traditional one-way power grid into an automated system with two-way data communication between power producers and consumers. This enables features like self-monitoring, self-healing and demand response capabilities. Security is also an important consideration for smart grids due to the integration of digital technologies.
SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA - by Mr. S.R. Sethi, Senior Advisor UPES UPES Dehradun
This document provides an overview of power generation and distribution in India. It discusses the various modes of power generation including thermal (~65%), hydro (~22%), and renewable (~10%) sources. Power is transmitted through central and state transmission utilities and distributed to end users through distribution agencies. The key end user segments are industries (38%), domestic (22%), agriculture (22%), and commercial (8%). The document also discusses India's goals for renewable energy capacity addition and integration through its 12th and 13th five year plans.
The document discusses smart grid technology. It begins with an introduction and then covers related work, components of a smart grid like connectivity networks and access networks, how smart grids work using two-way communication, features, comparisons to traditional grids, advantages like reduced losses and carbon footprint, and disadvantages like intermittent renewable sources. It concludes that smart grids will modernize energy supply and create smart homes and cities. The future scope is improved infrastructure and widespread adoption like the Internet. References are provided.
A smart grid uses digital technology and two-way communication to allow for better management of electricity demand and integration of renewable energy sources. It aims to reduce electricity deficits in India by over 10% through components like smart meters and intelligent appliances. The smart grid will consist of interconnected control systems and technologies working with the electrical grid to respond dynamically to changing energy demands.
The document discusses smart grid technology and microgrids. It describes how smart grids can automate and manage electricity distribution more efficiently through features like two-way communication, remote monitoring and control, and distribution automation. This allows for quicker outage response, integration of renewable energy, and empowers consumers to manage electricity use. Microgrids provide localized grid flexibility and reliability while reducing costs and carbon emissions. The document outlines some implementations and benefits to utilities and consumers of smart technologies.
The document discusses India's electrical grid and the need for a smart grid. It notes that India's current electricity demand is 210,000 megawatts but production is only 182,200 megawatts, resulting in a deficit of 10.2%. A smart grid would use digital technology and two-way communication to automate control and improve reliability, efficiency, and use of renewable energy sources. Key benefits would include economic development through new jobs and innovation, higher customer satisfaction through improved reliability and outage reduction, and environmental benefits from reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
This document discusses smart grid technology. It defines smart grid as an electric grid that uses information and communication technology to gather data and act on information about supplier and consumer behavior. The key components of a smart grid are smart meters, phasor measurement, information transfer, and distributed generation. A smart grid offers benefits like reduced carbon footprint, improved distribution management, self-healing capabilities, and increased efficiency. Specific ideas presented for a smart grid include a power management app that provides household electricity usage insights and allows selling regenerative power back to the grid.
This document discusses smart grids and was presented by Norrazman Zaiha Zainol. It outlines that smart grids use digital technologies to create two-way communication between electricity suppliers, distributors, and consumers. This allows demand to be optimized and renewable energy to be integrated. The key components of smart grids include centralized generation facilities, transmission infrastructure, end-user technologies, and physical and software networks to connect all parts of the system. Smart grids provide benefits like enabling consumer participation, optimizing asset usage, and integrating intermittent renewable sources, but also face challenges regarding data privacy, fair distribution of demand, and ensuring system security.
The document discusses smart grids as a modernization of existing power systems. It describes smart grids as using information technology and communication networks to create a more decentralized, efficient and renewable-based electric grid. Some key benefits of smart grids include improved energy efficiency, higher power reliability, lower costs for consumers, and better integration of renewable energy sources. However, smart grids also face challenges such as high installation costs and potential cybersecurity and privacy issues. The document provides an overview of smart grid components and technologies as well as examples of smart grid pilot projects being implemented in India.
El documento habla sobre la Web 2.0 y su uso como recurso educativo. Señala que la Web 2.0 ha transformado la web de datos a una web de personas, permitiendo nuevas herramientas y aplicaciones que brindan servicios a los usuarios. También menciona que el aprendizaje con la Web 2.0 es más eficiente, mejora la comunicación y optimiza los tiempos de aprendizaje. Sin embargo, reconoce algunos aspectos negativos como la falta de fiabilidad de la información y la necesidad de capacitar a los estudiantes y docentes en el
Blogger Grupo I-Sabado Informatica Aplicada a la EducacionJuan Acevedo
Blogger es un servicio gratuito de Google para crear y publicar blogs. Fue lanzado en 1998 como uno de los primeros servicios de blogs en línea. Ofrece funciones como editor WYSIWYG, diseñador de plantillas, publicación en dominios personalizados, integración con Google Apps y métricas. Los blogs de Blogger se alojan en dominios como blogspot.com y tienen límites como 100 blogs y entradas ilimitadas por cuenta.
I recently gave this presentation to a conference of academics in China as a way to highlight how case/ project based teaching methods can be used to increase learning capacity and leadership skills.
El documento discute las implicancias de la Web 2.0 y sus posibles aplicaciones en la educación. Explica que la Web 2.0 permite una mayor participación de los estudiantes al obtener y compartir información de diversas fuentes para un aprendizaje más significativo. Luego describe algunas herramientas Web 2.0 como redes sociales, blogs y wikis y cómo estas pueden usarse con fines educativos al permitir la interacción, retroalimentación y contribución colaborativa entre usuarios.
Innovative Approach To Traffic Information Systemssadullahuzun
This document discusses innovative approaches to traffic information systems from ISBAK, a Turkish company that is a leader in traffic management. It describes ISBAK's profile and applications in Istanbul, including traffic cameras, sensors, and control centers used to generate traffic information. The document then highlights some of ISBAK's innovative solutions like Wait'nFun, a virtual display for traffic signals, and mobile apps for iPhone and Windows phones that provide location-based traffic updates. It concludes that improved traffic information systems are useful tools for authorities to communicate with the public and are becoming integrated into daily life.
El documento advierte que el consumo regular de bebidas energéticas puede ser muy perjudicial para la salud debido a su alto contenido de cafeína y otros ingredientes como la taurina. Estas bebidas contienen estimulantes del sistema nervioso central que pueden causar efectos adversos como cambios en el ritmo cardíaco y aumento de adrenalina. Además, la combinación de bebidas energéticas con alcohol puede ser mortal ya que impide percibir los niveles reales de intoxicación.
El documento describe el rol del docente en la educación. Explica que el rol docente implica funciones como dinamizar, estimular, integrar y facilitar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Además, señala que los docentes deben comprometerse con su propio aprendizaje continuo, crear ambientes colaborativos y ser innovadores, confiables y autónomos en su enseñanza.
The document discusses heaven and references from the Bible about the afterlife. It describes heaven as a place that will be both familiar yet unfamiliar, with animals, rivers, mountains and food, but in a greater form. The document cautions that salvation is only through Jesus Christ and faith in Him, and that after death comes judgment. It aims to comfort Christians by focusing on the hope of heaven.
Parent Involvement Module on Reading Strategies
Improving Relationships & Results: Building Family School Partnerships
A presentation from the National Center for Special Education Accountability Monitoring (NCSEAM) in collaboration with the Future of School Psychology Task Force on Family School Partnerships.
This document provides an overview of smart grids. It discusses how smart grids use digital technology to save energy, reduce costs, and increase reliability by allowing for two-way communication between utilities and customers. Key benefits of smart grids include more choices for consumers and utilities, better integration of renewable energy, improved power quality and customer service, increased grid efficiency and resilience, and greater utilization of system assets. The document also outlines some of the core components and technologies that make up a smart grid system.
It security for libraries part 3 - disaster recovery Brian Pichman
A very important topic in today's data age is Disaster Recovery. With the need for high up time in our environments, your environment must be prepared for the worse. From basic internet outages to full system failure, how you plan will determine how quickly you can recover. See more details below. Topics/Agenda: * Learn the key infrastructure components in mitigating risks as it relates to data loss or system failure * Identify the main points to include within a disaster plan
Advantages and recent advances of smart energy gridjournalBEEI
Smart grid is widely recognized technology used to improve the stability and losses of the electric power system. It is encouraging reliability, efficiency, and effective control of the supply of electrical energy. However, it is a hot topic for recent publications and still has a limited understanding among researchers. This review work is to provide insight and support to the beginner researchers since this topic needs a multidisciplinary background knowledge. The conventional electric transmission system and distribution networks struggle to provide resilient performance and reliable service and real-time data. Also, smart grid id a promising network maneuver to stabilize the system once any disturbances break out by using the distributed renewable energy generators, while the conventional networks lack for flexibility to integrate with renewable energy generators or microgrids. This comprehensive work is conducted to map previous controbution in a coherent manar, including the specifications, features, and fundamentals that are presented to benefit the interested readers interested in smart grid development.
1. The document discusses smart grid technology, which involves upgrading electrical infrastructure to allow for two-way communication across power grids. This will enable more efficient distribution of power from diverse energy sources like wind and solar.
2. Key components of smart grids include advanced metering infrastructure for two-way utility communication, distribution management systems to model the power network, and geographic information systems to manage critical infrastructure data.
3. While smart grids promise benefits like increased reliability and efficiency, challenges include potential privacy and security issues if communication networks are hacked and ability to control individual buildings' power supply is gained. Increased intelligence is also needed to control the middle portions of grids as more distributed energy sources are added.
The definition of the "Smart Grid" is something that is taking shape. Utility professionals concur on some aspects and ideas of what the smart grid should be, but there are still grey areas that, however, promise to become clearer soon.
Report on smart metering& control of transmission systemDurgarao Gundu
This document provides an overview of smart metering and smart grid infrastructure. It discusses key components of a smart metering infrastructure including smart meters, communication systems, meter data management systems, and home area networks. Smart meters can record and store energy usage data at intervals, communicate bidirectionally, and support time-of-use pricing and demand response. Communication systems enable transmission of data from smart meters to utilities. Meter data management systems collect, store, analyze and utilize energy usage data. Home area networks allow customers to access their energy usage data and receive signals from utilities. The document also compares automatic meter reading and smart metering infrastructure and examines smart meter communication technologies suitable for the Indian context.
(a).What is smart grid technology?
(b).Role and necessity of smart grid technology
(c).Benefits and application of grid
(d).Various challenge of grid
(e).Best possible location
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1. 1
CHAPTER-1
1.1 INTRODUCTION “We don’t have much time”
The grid amounts to the networks that carry electricity from the plants where it is
generated to consumers. The grid includes wires, substations, transformers, switches and
much more.
A smart grid brings technologies, tools and techniques available now to bring knowledge to
power knowledge capable of making the grid work far more efficiently.
Our nation’s electric power infrastructure that has served us so well for so long also known as
“the grid” is rapidly running up against its limitations such as :-
1. The current electricity delivery system is getting old and worn out.
2. Population growth in some areas has caused the entire transmission system to be over used
and fragile.
3. The new appliances are more sensitive to variations in electric voltage than old appliances,
motors, and incandescent light bulbs.
4. Severe Problems of Blackouts and Brownouts are growing.
It is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operational and energy measures including
smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and energy efficiency resources.
Smart grid generally refers to a class of technology people are using to bring utility
electricity delivery systems into the 21st century, using computer-based remote control and
automation. These systems are made possible by two-way communication technology and
computer processing that has been used for decades in other industries.
Fig.1.1 Traditional grid Vs Smart grid
2. 2
Fig1.2 Smart grid Model Block
The basic concept of Smart Grid is to add monitoring, analysis, control, and communication
capabilities to the national electrical delivery system to maximize the throughput of the
system while reducing the energy consumption. The Smart Grid will allow utilities to move
electricity around the system as efficiency and economically as possible. It will also allow the
homeowner and business to use electricity as economically as possible.
A smart grid Integrates Information and communication technology (ICT) to the power
system for :
1. Increased reliability
2. More security
3. Better efficiency
4. Reduced environmental Impacts
Fig1.3 Smart grid Block
3. 3
CHAPTER-2
2.1 DEFINITION OF SMART GRID
The first official definition of Smart Grid was provided by the Energy Independence and
Security Act of 2007 (EISA-2007), which was approved by the US Congress in January
2007, and signed to law by President George W. Bush in December 2007.
To support the modernization of the Nation's electricity transmission and distribution system
to maintain a reliable and secure electricity infrastructure that can meet future demand growth
and to achieve each of the following, which together characterize a Smart Grid :
Fig2.1 Operation Diagram
1. Increased use of digital information and controls technology to improve reliability,
security, and efficiency of the electric grid.
2. Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources, with full cyber-security.
3. Deployment and integration of distributed resources and generation, including renewable
resources.
4. Deployment of `smart' technologies for metering, communications concerning grid
operations and status, and distribution automation.
5. Deployment and integration of advanced electricity storage and peak-shaving technologies,
including plug-in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, and thermal storage air conditioning.
6. Provision to consumers of timely information and control options.
7. Development of standards for communication and interoperability of appliance
4. 4
CHAPTER-3
3.1 TRADITIONAL GRID VS SMART GRID
TRADITIONAL GRID SMART GRID
ELECTROMECHANICAL DIGITAL
ONE-WAY COMMUNICATION TWO-WAY COMMUNICATION
CENTRALIZED GENERATION DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
FEW SENSORS SENSORS THROUGHOUT
MANUAL MONITORING SELF MONITORING
MANUAL RESTORATION SELF HEALING
FAILURES AND BLACKOUTS ADAPTIVE AND ISLANDING
LIMITED CONTROL PERSASIVE CONTROL
5. 5
CHAPTER-4
4.1 THE GRID AS IT STANDS : WHAT’S AT RISK
1. National Economy
A rolling blackouts over silicon valley totalled 75 million dollars in losses.
Sun microsystem estimates that a blackout costs the company 1 million dollar every minute.
Two severe power blackouts affected most of northern and eastern India on 30 and 31 July
2012. The 30 July 2012 blackout affected over 300 million people and was briefly the largest
power outage in history, counting number of people affected, beating the January 2001
blackout in Northern India. (230 million affected) The blackout on 31 July is the largest
power outage in history. The outage affected over 620 million people, about 9% of the world
population, or half of India's population, spread across 22 states in Northern, Eastern,
and Northeast India. An estimated 32 gigawatts of generating capacity was taken offline.
Fig4.1 Blackout in India
6. 6
2. Security
When the blackout of 2003 occurred – the largest in US history – those citizens not startled
by being stuck in darkened, suffocating elevator stunned their thoughts toward terrorism. And
not without cause. The grid’s centralized structure leaves us open to attack. In fact, the
interdependencies of various grid components can bring about a domino effect – a cascading
series of failures that could bring our nation’s banking, communications, traffic, and security
systems among others to a complete standstill.
3. Environment changes
From food safety to personal health, a compromised environment threatens us all. The United
States accounts for only 4% of the world’s population and produces 25% of its greenhouse
gases. Half of our country’s electricity is still produced by burning coal, a rich domestic
resource but a major contributor to global warming. If we are to reduce our carbon footprint
and stake a claim to global environmental leadership, clean, renewable sources of energy like
solar, wind and geothermal must be integrated into the nation’s grid. However, without
appropriate enabling technologies linking them to the grid, their potential will not be fully
realized.
4. Global Competitiveness
Germany is leading the world in the development and implementation of photo-voltaic solar
power. Japan has similarly moved to the forefront of distribution automation through its use
of advanced battery storage technology. The European Union has an even more aggressive
“Smart Grids” agenda, a major component of which has buildings functioning as power
plants. Generally, however, these countries don’t have a “legacy system” on the order of the
grid to consider or grapple with.
Fig4.2 Global Warming Fig4.3 Renewable Sources
7. 7
CHAPTER-5
5.1 FEATURES OF SMART GRID :-
1. Efficiency
If the grid were just 5% more efficient, the energy savings would equate to permanently
eliminating the fuel and greenhouse gas emissions from 53 million cars.
a. Demand-side management: - For example turning off air conditioners during short-term
spikes in electricity price, reducing the voltage when possible on distribution lines
b. Load adjustment/Load balancing
A smart grid may warn all individual television sets, or another larger customer, to reduce
the load temporarily (to allow time to start up a larger generator) or continuously (in the case
of limited resources).
c. Peak curtailment/levelling and time of use pricing
To reduce demand during the high cost peak usage periods, communications and metering
technologies inform smart devices in the home and business when energy demand is high and
track how much electricity is used and when it is used. It also gives utility companies the
ability to reduce consumption by communicating to devices directly in order to prevent
system overloads.
2. Sustainability
The improved flexibility of the smart grid permits greater penetration of highly variable
renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind power, even without the addition
of energy storage.
Rapid fluctuations in distributed generation, such as due to cloudy or gusty weather, present
significant challenges to power engineers who need to ensure stable power levels through
varying the output of the more controllable generators such as gas turbines and hydroelectric
generators.
Fig5.1 Two way communication
8. 8
3. Market-enabling
The smart grid allows for systematic communication between suppliers (their energy price)
and consumers (their willingness-to-pay), and permits both the suppliers and the consumers
to be more flexible and sophisticated in the overall effect is a signal that awards energy
efficiency, and energy consumption that is sensitive to the time-varying limitations of the
supply.ir operational strategies.
4. Demand response support
It support allows generators and loads to interact in an automated fashion in real time,
coordinating demand to flatten spikes. Eliminating the fraction of demand that occurs in these
spikes eliminates the cost of adding reserve generators, cuts wear and tear and extends the life
of equipment, and allows users to cut their energy bills by telling low priority devices to use
energy only when it is cheapest.
5. Platform for advanced services
As with other industries, use of robust two-way communications, advanced sensors, and
distributed computing technology will improve the efficiency, reliability and safety of power
delivery and use. It also opens up the potential for entirely new services or improvements on
existing ones, such as fire monitoring and alarms that can shut off power, make phone calls to
emergency services, etc.
6. Reliability
There have been five massive blackouts over the past 40 years, three of which have occurred
in the past nine years. More blackouts and brownouts are occurring due to the slow response
times of mechanical switches, a lack of automated analytics, and “poor visibility” – a “lack of
situational awareness” on the part of grid operators. This issue of blackouts has far broader
implications than simply waiting for the lights to come on. Imagine plant production stopped,
perishable food spoiling, traffic lights dark, and credit card transactions rendered inoperable.
Such are the effects of even a short regional blackout.
9. 9
CHAPTER-6
6.1 REDUCTION OF LOSSES IN A GRID
TECHNICAL LOSSES IN T&D SYSTEM
Transmission system comprises of transmission towers, conductors, insulators and switchgear
protection system transmits power from generating station to any particular distribution substation.
Distribution system comprises of feeder towers, poles and insulators etc. which distribute power from
distribution substation to any particular area. Parameters influencing T&D system:
1) Transformer 2) Transmission line 3) Distribution line
TRANSFORMER LOSSES
a) IRON LOSSES
The loss of power consumed to sustain the magnetic field in transformer steel core. It is also
known as iron losses. Magnetic losses = hysteresis loss + eddy current loss
b) COPPER LOSSES
The total power loss taking place in the winding of transformer is called as copper (Cu) loss
or electrical losses. Cu losses =I1^2R1+ I2^2R2 Now, that we have learned the number of
losses in T&D sector so also lets have a view to reduce or conserve this losses. The major
percentage of losses occurring in T&D sector is only transformer losses. It contributes to 40%
of losses in T&D system.
10. 10
CHAPTER-7
7.1 ENERGY CONSERVATION TECHNIOUES
1. ENERGY CONSERVATION IN TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
Transformer is a static device. It does not have any moving parts. So, a transformer is free
from mechanical and frictional losses. Thus, it faces only electrical losses and magnetic
losses. Hence the efficiency of conventional transformer is high around 95-98%. Thus,
energy conservation opportunities for transformer are available only in design and material
used. Also optimizing loading of transformer
a.ENERGY CONSERVAT ION TECHNIQUES IN TRANSFORMER
a.1 OPTIMIZATION OF LOADING OF TRANSFORMER
The environmental protection agency (EPA) brought study report that nearly 61 billion K
WH of electricity is wasted in each year only as transformer losses. Study of typical grid
system showed that, power transformer contributes nearly 40% to 50% of total transmission
and distribution losses. Maintaining maximum efficiency to occur at 38% loading (as
recommended by REC), the overall efficiency of transformer can be increased and its losses
can be reduced. The load loss may be even reduced by using thicker conductors. can increase
efficiency of system.
a.2 IMPROVISION IN DESIGN AND MATERIAL OF TRANSFORMER
This is nothing but the reducing No-Load losses or Core Losses. They can be reduced by
following methods:-
1) BY USING ENERGY EFFICIENT TRANSFORMER
By using superior quality or improved grades of CRGO (Cold Rolled Grain Oriented)
laminations, the no-load losses can be reduced to 32%.
2) BY USING AMORPHOUS TRANSFORMER
Transformer with superior quality of core material i.e. amorphous alloy is called Amorphous
Transformers. Amorphous alloy is made up of Iron boron-silicon alloy. The magnetic core of
this transformer is made with amorphous metal, which is easily magnetized / demagnetized.
Typically, core loss can be 70±80% less than its Molten metal mixture when cooled to solid
state at a very high speed rate, retain a random atomic structure that is not crystalline. This is
called Amorphous.
11. 11
Fig7.1 Energy Efficient Transformer Fig7.2 Amorphous Transformer
2. ENERGY CONSERVATION IN TRANSMISSION LINE
Transmission losses can be reduced as follows:-
b.1 BY REDUCING RESISTANCE
Losses are directly proportional to I2r in conductor. So, if we reduce R from this surely the
losses will be reduced. For this we can use stranded or bundled conductors or ACSR
conductors. And even this method is been adopted and also successful.
b.2 BY CONTROLLING VOLTAGE LEVELS
This can be done by following methods
1. By using voltage controllers
2. By using voltage stabilizer.
3. By using power factor controller
Fig8.3 Voltage Stabilizer Fig8.4 Power Factor Controller
12. 12
3. ENERGY CONSERVATION IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
This is done by considering following points
1) BALANCING OF PHASE LOADAs
As a result of unequal loads on individual phase sequence, components causes over heating
of transformers, cables, conductors motors. Thus, increasing losses and resulting in the motor
malfunctioning under unbalanced voltage conditions. Thus, keeping the system negative
phase sequence voltage within limits, amount of savings in capital (saving the duration of
equipment) as well as energy losses. Thus, to avoid this losses, the loads are distributed
evenly µas is practical between the phases.
2) POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT
Low power factor will lead to increased current and hence increase losses and will affect the
voltage. The power factor at peak is almost unity. However, during off peak hours, mainly
(11 am to 3 pm) the power factor decreases to around 0.8, this may be due to following
reasons,
1. Wide use of fans.
2. Wide industrial loads.
3. Wide use of agricultural and domestic pumping motors.
4. Less use of high power factor loads. Now, to improve power factor at off peak hours the
consumers must be aware of the effects of low power factor and must connect compensation
equipments DSTACOM, capacitor bank.
13. 13
CHAPTER-8
8.1 TECHNOLOGY
The bulk of smart grid technologies are already used in other applications such as
manufacturing and telecommunications and are being adapted for use in grid operations.
1. Integrated communications
Areas for improvement include: Integrated communications will allow for real-time control,
information and data exchange to optimize system reliability, asset utilization, and security.
a. Substation automation,
b. Demand response,
c. Distribution automation,
d. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA),
e. Energy management systems,
f. Wireless mesh networks
g. Power-line carrier communications, and fibre.
2. Smart meters
They are the devices for measuring the customers energy bills they are connected to GPS.
3. Phasor measurement units
Many in the power systems engineering community believe that the Northeast blackout of
2003 could have been contained to a much smaller area if a wide area phasor measurement
network had been in place.
4. Sensing and measurement
Core duties are evaluating congestion and grid stability, monitoring equipment health, energy
theft prevention, and control strategies support. Technologies include: advanced
Microprocessor
14. 14
.
5. Smart power generation using advanced components
smart power generation is a concept of matching electricity generation with demand using
multiple identical generators which can start, stop and operate efficiently at chosen load,
independently of the others, making them suitable for base load and peaking power
generation.Matching supply and demand, called load balancing, is essential for a stable and
reliable supply of electricity. Short-term deviations in the balance lead to frequency
variations and a prolonged mismatch results in blackouts. Operators of power transmission
systems are charged with the balancing task, matching the power output of all
the generators to the load of their electrical grid. The load balancing task has become much
more challenging as increasingly intermittent and variable generators such as wind
turbines and solar cells are added to the grid, forcing other producers to adapt their output
much more frequently than has been required in the past
Fig9.1 Scada System
15. 15
CHAPTER-9
9.1 CHALLENGES
1. Lack of Awareness
Mature standards and best practices are available and can be readily applied to facilitate
Smart Grid deployment. The main problem with adoption seems to be a lack of awareness of
those standards by people involved in designing Smart Grid systems at a high level and a lack
of clear best practices and regulatory guidelines for applying them
2. Security
There is also concern on the security of the infrastructure, primarily that involving
communications technology. Concerns chiefly center around the communications technology
at the heart of the smart grid. Designed to allow real-time contact between utilities and meters
in customers' homes and businesses, there is a risk that these capabilities could be exploited
for criminal or even terrorist actions. One of the key capabilities of this connectivity is the
ability to remotely switch off power supplies, enabling utilities to quickly and easily cease or
modify supplies to customers who default on payment. This is undoubtedly a massive boon
for energy providers, but also raises some significant security issues. Cyber criminals have
infiltrated the U.S. electric grid before on numerous occasions.[
Aside from computer
infiltration, there are also concerns that computer malware like Stuxnet, which targeted
SCADA systems which are widely used in industry, could be used to attack a smart grid
network.
Electricity theft is a concern in the U.S. where the smart meters being deployed use RF
technology to communicate with the electricity transmission network. People with knowledge
of electronics can devise interference devices to cause the smart meter to report lower than
actual usage. Similarly, the same technology can be employed to make it appear that the
energy the consumer is using is being used by another customer, increasing their bill.
16. 16
3. Opposition and concerns
consumer concerns over privacy, e.g. use of usage data by law enforcement
social concerns over "fair" availability of electricity
concern that complex rate systems (e.g. variable rates) remove clarity and accountability,
allowing the supplier to take advantage of the customer
concern over remotely controllable "kill switch" incorporated into most smart meters .
social concerns over Enron style abuses of information leverage
concerns over giving the government mechanisms to control the use of all power using
activities
concerns over RF emissions from smart meters.
Another challenge facing a smart grid is the uncertainty of the path that its development will
take over time with changing technology, changing energy mixes, changing energy policy,
and developing climate change policy.
17. 17
CHAPTER-10
10.1 DEPLOYMENTS AND ATTEMPTED DEPLOYMENTS :-
Enel
The earliest, and one of the largest, example of a smart grid is the Italian system installed by
Enel S.p.A. of Italy. Completed in 2005, the Telegestore project was highly unusual in the
utility world because the company designed and manufactured their own meters, acted as
their own system integrator, and developed their own system software. The Telegestore
project is widely regarded as the first commercial scale use of smart grid technology to the
home, and delivers annual savings of 500 million euro at a project cost of 2.1 billion euro.
US Dept. of Energy - ARRA Smart Grid Project
One of the largest deployment programs in the world to-date is the U.S. Dept. of Energy's
Smart Grid Program funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
. This program required matching funding from individual utilities. A total of over $9 billion
in Public/Private funds were invested as part of this program. Technologies included
Advanced Metering Infrastructure, including over 65 million Advanced "Smart" Meters,
Customer Interface Systems, Distribution & Substation Automation, Volt/VAR Optimization
Systems, over 1,000 Synchrophasors, Dynamic Line Rating, Cyber Security Projects,
Advanced Distribution Management Systems, Energy Storage Systems, and Renewable
Energy Integration Projects. This program consisted of Investment Grants (matching),
Demonstration Projects, Consumer Acceptance Studies, and Workforce Education Programs.
Reports from all individual utility programs as well as overall impact reports will be
completed by the second quarter of 2015.
INDIA
In India the National smart grid mission under Ministry of Power Govt. Of India funds a
estimated cost of Rs.890 crore for development of smart grid in smart cities.
18. 18
CHAPTER-11
11.1 Advantages Of Smart Grid
1. Reduces the cost of blackouts.
2. Helps measure and reduces energy conservation and costs.
3. Help businesses to reduce their carbon footprints.
4. Opens up new opportunities for tech companies meaning more jobs created.
Disadvantages Of Smart Grid
1. Biggest concern: it has security and privacy.
2. Two-way communication between power consumer and provider and sensors so it is
costly.
3. Some type of meter can easily be hacked.
4. HACKER- Gain control of thousand even millions, of meters.
5. Increases or decreases the demand of power.
6. Not simply a single component .various technology components are used are software,
system integrators, the power generators.
19. 19
CHAPTER-12
12.1 CONCLUSION
With the increasing world population, thereby increasing demand, and depleting resources
the need to be smart and efficient in our energy usage has become an imperative.
Implementation of Smart Grid concept would go a long way in solving many of the present
energy issues and problems. The whole network needs to be upgraded to meet the
requirements i.e. at transmission as well as distribution level. Researches are going on to find
the optimal solution and new technology to make all the desired characteristics possible.
Smart Meters, Smart Homes, Smart City and so on would constitute the Smart Grid. As the
new technologies would be invented and existing ones boosted up to meet the desired
specifications the Smart Grid would become a reality and change the whole energy pattern
throughout the world.
20. 20
REFERENCES
[1] U.S Department of Energy by Litos Coorporation
[2] United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
[3] Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Assessment of Demand Response &
Advanced Metering
[4] Smart Grids European Technology Platform by EDSPO
[5] J. Torriti, Demand Side Management for the European Supergrid Energy Policy
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