The document discusses smart grids and their advantages over traditional electricity grids. A smart grid uses two-way communication, distributed generation sources, and sensors throughout the system to allow for self-monitoring and self-healing. This improves reliability, security, efficiency, and reduces environmental impacts compared to existing grids which are electromechanical with one-way communication and centralized generation. The document outlines some of India's smart grid pilot projects and challenges in implementing smart grids such as high costs, security concerns, and lack of public awareness.

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SMART GRID
Under the Guidance of Submitted By
Dr. Mahendra Kumar Vinay Kumar Singh
Head of Department 1404320057 (III year)
Department of Electrical Engineering Electrical Engineering
INTRODUCTION
 Smart grid is a combination of hardware management and
reporting software in order to built a intelligent
communication infrastructure.
 Integrates Information and communication technology (ICT)
to the power system for :-
 Increased reliability
 More security
 Better efficiency
 Reduced environmental impacts
PRESENT ELECTRICITY GRID COMPARISON
 EXSISTING GRID
 ELECTROMECHANICAL
 ONE -WAY
COMMUNICATION
 CENTRALIZED
GENERATION
 FEW SENSORS
 MANUAL MONITORING
 MANUAL RESTORATION
 FAILURES AND
BLACKOUTS
 LIMITED CONTROL
 SMART GRID
 DIGITAL
 TWO-WAY
COMMUNICATION
 DISTRIBUTED
GENERATION
 SENSORS THROUGHOUT
 SELF MONITORING
 SELF HEALING
 ADAPTIVE AND
ISLANDING
 PERSASIVE CONTROL
The Grid as it’s stands
What’s at Risk
 National Economy
 Security
 Environment/climate changes
 Global competitiveness
WORKING OF SMART GRID
 Integration of all sources of energy mainly renewable
 Continuous monitoring and feedback from network
 Helps in fault prevention
 Establish a two way communication
 Reduces the stress on existing infrastructure
 Reduces and shifts the peak demand
 Conserve energy during transmission and distribution
 Uses better technologies

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ENERGY CONSERVATION
TECHNIQUES IN TRANSFORMER
 IMPROVEMENT IN DESIGN AND MATERIAL OF
TRANSFORMER
 By using energy efficient transformer.
 By using amorphous transformer
ENERGY CONSERVATION DURING
TRANSMISSION
 BY REDUCING RESISTANCE
 BY CONTROLLING VOLTAGE LEVELS
BY REDUCING RESISTANCE
BY CONTROLLING VOLTAGE LEVELS
ENERGY CONSERVATION DURING
DISTRIBUTION
 BALANCING OF PHASE LOADS
 POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENTS
WER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT
Advanced Transmission System
 Phasor measurement units
 Wide area monitoring systems
 Flexible AC transmission system
 SCADA
 FLISR
 Power electronics
 Islanding concept
Advanced Distribution System
PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT
 It’s (PMU) a device which measures the electrical waves on
an electricity grid using a common time source for
synchronization.
 Works on the concept of synchro phasor technique.
FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
 Voltage control
 System stability
 Controls real and reactive power flow
 High speed response
INTRODUCTION TO SCADA
 Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
 The SCADA system in the control room is able to make these
automated decisions in real-time by running algorithms based
on the data it receives and adjustments to optimize voltages
and self-heal any disruption issues.

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SMART METERS
 Uses a secure national communication network (called the
DCC) to automatically and wirelessly send your actual energy
usage to your supplier
 More accurate bills
 Better understanding of your usage
 Innovative energy tariffs
ADVANTAGES
 Reduces carbon foot prints
 Increased capacity to fulfil demand
 Improves distribution management
 Self healing capability
 Automated control for distribution
 Increased efficiency
 Sustainability
 New types of loads such as EVs
CHALLENGES
 Lack of awareness
 Security
 Opposition and concerns
 High Investment / Cost Factor
 Meters can easily be hacked
 Utilities can increase/decrease demand of power
INDIA’S ELECTRICITY NEEDS
 DEMAND – 2,10,000 MW
 (CENTRAL ENERGY AUTHORITY MOP)
 PRODUCTION- 1,82,000 MW
 INSTALLED CAPACITY - 2,25,000 MW
 DEFICIT- 10.2%
INDIA’S SMART GRID PILOT PROJECTS SUPER SMART GRID

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CONCLUSION
 It would go on a long way in solving present energy issues.
 Has positive environmental impact
 Has long term economic outcome
 Drawbacks in short term like lack of funding
 Problems of privacy
 Lack of public support initially
REFERENCES
 United States Department of Energy by Litos Coorporation
 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information
Sciences by Gurlin Singh Lamba
 Smart Grid European Technology Platform by EDSPO