This document discusses systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), also known as lupus. It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack the body's own tissues, causing inflammation. It predominantly affects women aged 12-45. The exact cause is unknown but genetic and environmental factors are involved. Symptoms can include joint and skin issues. Complications can impact the kidneys, brain, blood, lungs and heart. Diagnosis involves blood tests, urine tests, and imaging. Treatment includes medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system like NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants. Management also involves lifestyle measures and developing a support system.
This patient has longstanding SLE with quiescent disease activity currently. She has a history of fetal loss and blood clots while pregnant previously. She is seeking contraceptive options other than barrier methods. Given her history of APL antibodies and blood clots, progesterone-only contraceptives like the progesterone IUD or depot medroxyprogesterone would be safest options to avoid estrogen which could increase her risk for further clotting issues.
This document provides an overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It discusses the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, management, and complications of SLE. The pathogenesis involves genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers leading to abnormal immune responses and autoantibody production. Diagnosis is based on the SLICC classification criteria. Management involves controlling symptoms, preventing organ damage, and treating flares and complications using medications like glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressants, and biologics. Life-threatening complications can include renal disease, neurological involvement, hematological abnormalities and vasculitis.
Vasculitis refers to inflammation of blood vessels. The document discusses the classification, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, investigations, and histopathology of various types of vasculitis. It classifies vasculitis based on vessel size (large, medium, small vessel) and cause (primary, secondary to infection, drugs, etc). Pathogenesis may involve infectious or non-infectious mechanisms like immune complex deposition, ANCA, or anti-endothelial cell antibodies. Investigations assess organ damage, immune mechanisms, and provide tissue diagnosis. Clinical features and histopathology vary depending on the type and organs involved in the vasculitis.
This document provides an overview of vasculitis, including classification, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, and management approaches. It discusses several specific large vessel vasculitides - giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, and polyarteritis nodosa. Giant cell arteritis commonly involves temporal arteries and causes headaches. Takayasu arteritis primarily affects the aorta and its branches. Polyarteritis nodosa preferentially involves the skin, nerves, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Diagnosis relies on tissue biopsy and imaging. Treatment focuses on glucocorticoids, with additional immunosuppressants for severe or refractory disease.
Vasculitis refers to inflammation of blood vessels. This document discusses the pathophysiology, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of various types of vasculitis. The main types include large vessel vasculitis (e.g. giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis), medium vessel vasculitis (e.g. polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease), small vessel vasculitis (ANCA-associated vasculitis like granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis), and immune complex small vessel vasculitis (e.g. IgA vasculitis, antiglomer
Systemic sclerosis, or scleroderma, is a connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. It can be classified as either limited or diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening, and internal organ involvement such as lung fibrosis, gastrointestinal issues, and kidney problems are common clinical manifestations. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression. The prognosis depends on the subtype, with limited scleroderma having a better long-term survival rate than diffuse disease.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems. It is more common in women and typically presents in the 2nd to 3rd decade of life. SLE results from a loss of self-tolerance by the immune system and is characterized by autoantibody production and immune complex-mediated tissue damage. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria involving symptoms in organs like the skin, joints, kidneys, and heart. Treatment involves managing symptoms with medications like corticosteroids, antimalarials, and immunosuppressants. Prognosis has improved in recent decades but SLE can still lead to organ damage or failure if not properly treated.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. It most commonly affects women under age 40 and can involve the skin, joints, kidneys, brain and other organs. Symptoms vary but often include joint pain, rash, and fatigue. There is no cure for SLE but treatment aims to control symptoms, which may include medications like hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids. Prognosis has improved in recent years though long-term treatment is usually required to manage the disease.
This patient has longstanding SLE with quiescent disease activity currently. She has a history of fetal loss and blood clots while pregnant previously. She is seeking contraceptive options other than barrier methods. Given her history of APL antibodies and blood clots, progesterone-only contraceptives like the progesterone IUD or depot medroxyprogesterone would be safest options to avoid estrogen which could increase her risk for further clotting issues.
This document provides an overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It discusses the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, management, and complications of SLE. The pathogenesis involves genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers leading to abnormal immune responses and autoantibody production. Diagnosis is based on the SLICC classification criteria. Management involves controlling symptoms, preventing organ damage, and treating flares and complications using medications like glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressants, and biologics. Life-threatening complications can include renal disease, neurological involvement, hematological abnormalities and vasculitis.
Vasculitis refers to inflammation of blood vessels. The document discusses the classification, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, investigations, and histopathology of various types of vasculitis. It classifies vasculitis based on vessel size (large, medium, small vessel) and cause (primary, secondary to infection, drugs, etc). Pathogenesis may involve infectious or non-infectious mechanisms like immune complex deposition, ANCA, or anti-endothelial cell antibodies. Investigations assess organ damage, immune mechanisms, and provide tissue diagnosis. Clinical features and histopathology vary depending on the type and organs involved in the vasculitis.
This document provides an overview of vasculitis, including classification, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, and management approaches. It discusses several specific large vessel vasculitides - giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, and polyarteritis nodosa. Giant cell arteritis commonly involves temporal arteries and causes headaches. Takayasu arteritis primarily affects the aorta and its branches. Polyarteritis nodosa preferentially involves the skin, nerves, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Diagnosis relies on tissue biopsy and imaging. Treatment focuses on glucocorticoids, with additional immunosuppressants for severe or refractory disease.
Vasculitis refers to inflammation of blood vessels. This document discusses the pathophysiology, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of various types of vasculitis. The main types include large vessel vasculitis (e.g. giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis), medium vessel vasculitis (e.g. polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease), small vessel vasculitis (ANCA-associated vasculitis like granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis), and immune complex small vessel vasculitis (e.g. IgA vasculitis, antiglomer
Systemic sclerosis, or scleroderma, is a connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. It can be classified as either limited or diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening, and internal organ involvement such as lung fibrosis, gastrointestinal issues, and kidney problems are common clinical manifestations. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression. The prognosis depends on the subtype, with limited scleroderma having a better long-term survival rate than diffuse disease.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems. It is more common in women and typically presents in the 2nd to 3rd decade of life. SLE results from a loss of self-tolerance by the immune system and is characterized by autoantibody production and immune complex-mediated tissue damage. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria involving symptoms in organs like the skin, joints, kidneys, and heart. Treatment involves managing symptoms with medications like corticosteroids, antimalarials, and immunosuppressants. Prognosis has improved in recent decades but SLE can still lead to organ damage or failure if not properly treated.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. It most commonly affects women under age 40 and can involve the skin, joints, kidneys, brain and other organs. Symptoms vary but often include joint pain, rash, and fatigue. There is no cure for SLE but treatment aims to control symptoms, which may include medications like hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids. Prognosis has improved in recent years though long-term treatment is usually required to manage the disease.
This document provides information on systemic sclerosis (SSc), a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by thickening and hardening of the skin, and involvement of internal organs. It can present as either limited or diffuse cutaneous forms. Key clinical features include Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening and tightening, digital pitting scars, and internal organ involvement such as interstitial lung disease, gastrointestinal issues, and renal crisis. Diagnosis involves clinical examination and the presence of autoantibodies. Differential diagnoses include other conditions presenting with similar skin or vascular changes. Complications can affect multiple organ systems and are a leading cause of mortality.
Vasculitis refers to inflammation of blood vessels. There are many types classified by the size of vessels involved and pathogenic mechanisms. Noninfectious vasculitis can be immune complex-mediated, associated with ANCAs, anti-endothelial cell antibodies, or autoreactive T cells. Infectious vasculitis involves direct invasion of vessels by pathogens. Common noninfectious vasculitides include giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and Buerger's disease. Clinical manifestations depend on the organs involved. Treatment involves immunos
This document discusses vasculitis, which is inflammation of blood vessels. It defines vasculitis and describes the different types including large vessel, medium vessel, and small vessel vasculitis. Specific conditions are discussed such as giant cell arteritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Behcet's disease, thromboangiitis obliterans, and infectious vasculitis. The pathology, clinical features, morphology, and treatment of some of these conditions are summarized. Images are also included showing histological features.
This document provides an overview of vasculitis, including:
- Vasculitis refers to inflammation of blood vessel walls and can range from mild to life-threatening.
- It encompasses a large group of diseases characterized by inflammatory reactions in blood vessel walls. The causes are often unknown but can be triggered by various stimuli.
- Diagnosis involves blood tests, biopsies of affected tissues like skin and kidneys, and imaging tests. Biopsies examined under a microscope are often needed to confirm a diagnosis of vasculitis.
Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a rare autoimmune disorder with features of lupus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and polymyositis. It is characterized by high levels of antibodies against ribonucleic proteins. Diagnostic criteria require at least 3 of 5 clinical features plus positive serology. Over time, many patients evolve features meeting criteria for other connective tissue diseases. Common clinical manifestations include Raynaud's phenomenon, arthritis, swollen hands, and lung and heart involvement. Prognosis depends on degree of organ involvement, with 5-year cumulative risks including pulmonary dysfunction in 66% and pericardial disease in 30% of patients.
This document discusses reactive arthritis (ReA), also known as Reiter's syndrome. It defines ReA as acute nonpurulent arthritis that occurs 1-4 weeks after an infection elsewhere in the body. Common infections that can trigger ReA include gastrointestinal or genitourinary infections by bacteria like Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Campylobacter, or Chlamydia. The document discusses the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ReA. It also briefly summarizes some other systemic diseases that can present with arthritis symptoms, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatic fever, and
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, causing inflammation in many organs. It predominantly affects women of childbearing age.
- SLE has a female to male ratio of 9:1. Common symptoms include arthritis, rashes, oral ulcers, and fatigue. Long-term complications can include kidney failure, heart disease, and neurological issues.
- Diagnosis involves blood tests to detect autoantibodies and complement levels. Treatment seeks to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system using medications like NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants. Managing SLE requires a healthy
This patient has systemic sclerosis for 3.5 years with tight skin on hands and face, pain in knees and feet, and morning stiffness. He has multiple medical issues including renal failure and is wheelchair-bound. Examination found tight skin on hands and face. His current management includes physiotherapy, wax, and treatment for his other conditions. Further tests are needed to monitor his systemic sclerosis and complications.
This document discusses vasculitis, which is an inflammatory destruction of blood vessels. It can affect all ages but some types are restricted to certain groups. It has both genetic and environmental components. Symptoms vary depending on the size of vessels involved and can include fatigue, rashes, nerve problems, and organ damage. Diagnosis involves clinical features, lab tests, and sometimes biopsies. Treatment is usually with steroids and other immunosuppressants to induce and maintain remission. Complications can be serious if not treated properly.
A 60-year-old woman presented with painful, sclerotic hands and fingers due to progressive cutaneous scleroderma. She was started on a compounded topical cream containing ketamine, baclofen, gabapentin, verapamil, and pentoxifylline, which provided significant pain relief and improved sensation within a month. At a 6-month follow up, she had been largely weaned off opioid pain medications. The customized treatment targeted the pathophysiology of the condition and helped manage her debilitating symptoms.
Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. It can be classified as localized scleroderma, which only affects the skin, or systemic scleroderma, which affects multiple internal organs in addition to the skin. The skin manifestations of systemic sclerosis include Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening, ulceration, dyspigmentation, calcinosis, and telangiectases. Currently there is no cure for systemic sclerosis, and treatment focuses on controlling organ-specific complications.
Vasculitis refers to inflammation of blood vessels. This document discusses vasculitis syndromes including definitions, classifications, clinical presentations, diagnostic evaluations, and management. Vasculitides are classified based on the size of vessels predominantly involved as large, medium, or small vessel. Common small vessel vasculitis includes Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis. Treatment involves immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, steroids, methotrexate, and biologics depending on severity and type of vasculitis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent organ damage from ischemia.
This case describes a patient with limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome). Key features include:
- A 50-year-old female with CREST syndrome characterized by calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasias.
- She is positive for the autoantibody anti-centromere, which is seen in 70-80% of limited scleroderma/CREST syndrome cases.
- Her disease involves skin thickening distal to the elbows and knees (sclerodactyly), as well as gastrointestinal symptoms of esophageal dysmotility. She has minimal organ involvement typical of limited
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an incurable, multisystemic autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women and has variable rates of median age of onset depending on ethnicity.
- SLE can affect many different body systems and has a variety of potential symptoms and complications, including renal, neurological, and hematological manifestations.
- Treatment involves managing symptoms with medications like hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and emerging therapies targeting B cells and cytokines.
Systemic sclerosis, or scleroderma, is a multisystem disorder characterized by vascular abnormalities, skin and organ fibrosis, and immune system activation. It can be classified as either diffuse or limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis based on the extent and pattern of skin involvement. Common clinical features include Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening, gastrointestinal issues, lung fibrosis, and renal crisis. Treatment involves managing symptoms, with immunosuppressants sometimes used to modify disease progression. Prognosis depends on subtype, with limited scleroderma carrying a better long-term survival rate than diffuse disease.
This document provides guidance on evaluating a patient presenting with arthritis. It describes how arthritis is defined and classified based on the number and duration of involved joints. Key components of the history include symptoms, physical exam findings, classification, differential diagnoses, and initial investigations for monoarthritis and polyarthritis. Initial workup may include blood tests, imaging, and synovial fluid analysis to help identify conditions like gout, pseudogout, septic arthritis, trauma, and rheumatic diseases.
an overview of Lupus for journalist
Lupus has a wide spectrum of manifestation. Some mild but in most cases it has a high impact of life and quality of life
this research is made by a dental student (me) under supervision of our oral medicine specialist dr. muhassad almudhafer and this research is collected from several articles hope u like it
this my email if u would like to contact me - mnmmnz4503.mm@gmail.com
This document provides information on systemic sclerosis (SSc), a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by thickening and hardening of the skin, and involvement of internal organs. It can present as either limited or diffuse cutaneous forms. Key clinical features include Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening and tightening, digital pitting scars, and internal organ involvement such as interstitial lung disease, gastrointestinal issues, and renal crisis. Diagnosis involves clinical examination and the presence of autoantibodies. Differential diagnoses include other conditions presenting with similar skin or vascular changes. Complications can affect multiple organ systems and are a leading cause of mortality.
Vasculitis refers to inflammation of blood vessels. There are many types classified by the size of vessels involved and pathogenic mechanisms. Noninfectious vasculitis can be immune complex-mediated, associated with ANCAs, anti-endothelial cell antibodies, or autoreactive T cells. Infectious vasculitis involves direct invasion of vessels by pathogens. Common noninfectious vasculitides include giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and Buerger's disease. Clinical manifestations depend on the organs involved. Treatment involves immunos
This document discusses vasculitis, which is inflammation of blood vessels. It defines vasculitis and describes the different types including large vessel, medium vessel, and small vessel vasculitis. Specific conditions are discussed such as giant cell arteritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Behcet's disease, thromboangiitis obliterans, and infectious vasculitis. The pathology, clinical features, morphology, and treatment of some of these conditions are summarized. Images are also included showing histological features.
This document provides an overview of vasculitis, including:
- Vasculitis refers to inflammation of blood vessel walls and can range from mild to life-threatening.
- It encompasses a large group of diseases characterized by inflammatory reactions in blood vessel walls. The causes are often unknown but can be triggered by various stimuli.
- Diagnosis involves blood tests, biopsies of affected tissues like skin and kidneys, and imaging tests. Biopsies examined under a microscope are often needed to confirm a diagnosis of vasculitis.
Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a rare autoimmune disorder with features of lupus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and polymyositis. It is characterized by high levels of antibodies against ribonucleic proteins. Diagnostic criteria require at least 3 of 5 clinical features plus positive serology. Over time, many patients evolve features meeting criteria for other connective tissue diseases. Common clinical manifestations include Raynaud's phenomenon, arthritis, swollen hands, and lung and heart involvement. Prognosis depends on degree of organ involvement, with 5-year cumulative risks including pulmonary dysfunction in 66% and pericardial disease in 30% of patients.
This document discusses reactive arthritis (ReA), also known as Reiter's syndrome. It defines ReA as acute nonpurulent arthritis that occurs 1-4 weeks after an infection elsewhere in the body. Common infections that can trigger ReA include gastrointestinal or genitourinary infections by bacteria like Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Campylobacter, or Chlamydia. The document discusses the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ReA. It also briefly summarizes some other systemic diseases that can present with arthritis symptoms, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatic fever, and
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, causing inflammation in many organs. It predominantly affects women of childbearing age.
- SLE has a female to male ratio of 9:1. Common symptoms include arthritis, rashes, oral ulcers, and fatigue. Long-term complications can include kidney failure, heart disease, and neurological issues.
- Diagnosis involves blood tests to detect autoantibodies and complement levels. Treatment seeks to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system using medications like NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants. Managing SLE requires a healthy
This patient has systemic sclerosis for 3.5 years with tight skin on hands and face, pain in knees and feet, and morning stiffness. He has multiple medical issues including renal failure and is wheelchair-bound. Examination found tight skin on hands and face. His current management includes physiotherapy, wax, and treatment for his other conditions. Further tests are needed to monitor his systemic sclerosis and complications.
This document discusses vasculitis, which is an inflammatory destruction of blood vessels. It can affect all ages but some types are restricted to certain groups. It has both genetic and environmental components. Symptoms vary depending on the size of vessels involved and can include fatigue, rashes, nerve problems, and organ damage. Diagnosis involves clinical features, lab tests, and sometimes biopsies. Treatment is usually with steroids and other immunosuppressants to induce and maintain remission. Complications can be serious if not treated properly.
A 60-year-old woman presented with painful, sclerotic hands and fingers due to progressive cutaneous scleroderma. She was started on a compounded topical cream containing ketamine, baclofen, gabapentin, verapamil, and pentoxifylline, which provided significant pain relief and improved sensation within a month. At a 6-month follow up, she had been largely weaned off opioid pain medications. The customized treatment targeted the pathophysiology of the condition and helped manage her debilitating symptoms.
Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. It can be classified as localized scleroderma, which only affects the skin, or systemic scleroderma, which affects multiple internal organs in addition to the skin. The skin manifestations of systemic sclerosis include Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening, ulceration, dyspigmentation, calcinosis, and telangiectases. Currently there is no cure for systemic sclerosis, and treatment focuses on controlling organ-specific complications.
Vasculitis refers to inflammation of blood vessels. This document discusses vasculitis syndromes including definitions, classifications, clinical presentations, diagnostic evaluations, and management. Vasculitides are classified based on the size of vessels predominantly involved as large, medium, or small vessel. Common small vessel vasculitis includes Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis. Treatment involves immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, steroids, methotrexate, and biologics depending on severity and type of vasculitis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent organ damage from ischemia.
This case describes a patient with limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome). Key features include:
- A 50-year-old female with CREST syndrome characterized by calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasias.
- She is positive for the autoantibody anti-centromere, which is seen in 70-80% of limited scleroderma/CREST syndrome cases.
- Her disease involves skin thickening distal to the elbows and knees (sclerodactyly), as well as gastrointestinal symptoms of esophageal dysmotility. She has minimal organ involvement typical of limited
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an incurable, multisystemic autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women and has variable rates of median age of onset depending on ethnicity.
- SLE can affect many different body systems and has a variety of potential symptoms and complications, including renal, neurological, and hematological manifestations.
- Treatment involves managing symptoms with medications like hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and emerging therapies targeting B cells and cytokines.
Systemic sclerosis, or scleroderma, is a multisystem disorder characterized by vascular abnormalities, skin and organ fibrosis, and immune system activation. It can be classified as either diffuse or limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis based on the extent and pattern of skin involvement. Common clinical features include Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening, gastrointestinal issues, lung fibrosis, and renal crisis. Treatment involves managing symptoms, with immunosuppressants sometimes used to modify disease progression. Prognosis depends on subtype, with limited scleroderma carrying a better long-term survival rate than diffuse disease.
This document provides guidance on evaluating a patient presenting with arthritis. It describes how arthritis is defined and classified based on the number and duration of involved joints. Key components of the history include symptoms, physical exam findings, classification, differential diagnoses, and initial investigations for monoarthritis and polyarthritis. Initial workup may include blood tests, imaging, and synovial fluid analysis to help identify conditions like gout, pseudogout, septic arthritis, trauma, and rheumatic diseases.
an overview of Lupus for journalist
Lupus has a wide spectrum of manifestation. Some mild but in most cases it has a high impact of life and quality of life
this research is made by a dental student (me) under supervision of our oral medicine specialist dr. muhassad almudhafer and this research is collected from several articles hope u like it
this my email if u would like to contact me - mnmmnz4503.mm@gmail.com
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems. It is more prevalent in women and African Americans. Common initial symptoms include fatigue, fever, and weight loss. SLE can cause skin rashes, arthritis, serositis, renal disease, and neurological or hematological abnormalities. Treatment involves managing symptoms with NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive drugs. Prognosis depends on organ involvement, with renal disease and CNS involvement carrying the worst outcomes.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the formation of autoantibodies that can damage multiple organs. It predominantly affects women of childbearing age but can occur in children, with higher rates of renal involvement and other symptoms compared to adults. SLE is diagnosed based on clinical criteria including rashes, arthritis, serositis, and immunological abnormalities. Treatment involves controlling disease activity and organ damage through medications like corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, and immunosuppressants. Monitoring for worsening symptoms and lab abnormalities helps guide management of the disease.
systemic lupuse rythematosus by formation of autoantibodiesssuser45f282
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory, autoimmune disorder characterized by formation of autoantibodies directed against self-antigens and immune-complex formation resulting in damage to essentially any organ.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can damage any part of the body. It is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that attack the body's cells and tissues. While SLE predominantly affects women of childbearing age, approximately 5% of cases are diagnosed in childhood, mainly during puberty. The disease involves inflammation and damage to skin, joints, lungs, kidneys and other organs. Diagnosis is based on evaluating clinical symptoms and lab tests for autoantibodies, with the goal of meeting certain established diagnostic criteria. The cause is unknown but is likely due to genetic, environmental and hormonal factors contributing to abnormal immune system function.
This document discusses systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues and organs. It causes inflammation and damage to many different body systems. SLE is more common in women and typically presents between ages 15-25. Symptoms can include rashes, joint pain, fatigue, and organ involvement. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, signs, and antibody tests. Treatments include medications like NSAIDs, antimalarials, steroids, and immunosuppressants to reduce symptoms and prevent organ damage. Complications can affect many organs but most commonly involve the kidneys, heart, and lungs. With treatment, 5-year survival rates are over 85%.
SLE is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing inflammation and damage to organs like joints, skin, lungs, kidneys and blood vessels. It most often affects young women between 15-44 years old and occurs more frequently in African Americans, Asians and Hispanics compared to Caucasians. Symptoms vary between individuals but often include joint pain and swelling, rashes, fatigue, fever and organ involvement like lung issues or kidney problems. Diagnosis involves blood tests and physical exams looking for antibody levels and organ involvement. Treatment depends on severity but may include NSAIDs, steroids, immunosuppressants and other medications to reduce symptoms and organ damage.
The document discusses lupus, an autoimmune disease that commonly affects the kidneys and can lead to end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis or transplantation. Kidney involvement from lupus nephritis is a major cause of illness and death, and the document outlines risk factors for progression to end-stage renal disease as well as treatment options and outcomes for lupus patients with kidney failure.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with variable presentations and organ involvement. It predominantly affects women and can cause inflammation of major organs like the kidneys and brain. SLE emergencies include infections, pneumonias, cardiovascular events, cerebrovascular accidents, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Treatment involves suppressing the immune system with medications like hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics to induce remission and prevent organ damage. Managing SLE emergencies can be challenging but achieving positive outcomes is rewarding for clinicians.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs. Common symptoms include fatigue, fever, arthritis, mouth ulcers, and a butterfly-shaped rash on the face. SLE is diagnosed based on 11 criteria including specific rashes, joint pain, organ inflammation, and blood abnormalities. While there is no cure for SLE, treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and protecting organs using medications like NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and hydroxychloroquine. The goal is to relieve symptoms and decrease disease activity.
This patient has a history of recurrent deep vein thrombosis and pregnancy losses. She presents with right calf swelling and tenderness and is found to have thrombocytopenia and a prolonged PTT. Testing reveals a positive lupus anticoagulant on two occasions more than 12 weeks apart, meeting criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome which can present as recurrent thrombosis.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-system autoimmune disease caused by antibody and complement deposition that results in tissue damage. It is characterized by periods of disease exacerbation and remission. SLE can affect many organs and cause a variety of symptoms. Diagnosis involves evaluating a patient's medical history, symptoms, physical exam findings, and lab tests. Treatment is tailored to each individual and aims to control disease activity and symptoms using medications like NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants.
The document discusses common blood diseases and relevant nursing care. It covers red blood cell diseases like anemia and sickle cell anemia, white blood cell diseases such as leukemia and agranulocytosis, and hemorrhagic diseases including thrombocytopenia, hemophilia, polycythemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The document provides an overview of hematopoiesis and hematologic disorders, describing the components of blood and how diseases can disrupt the hematologic, immune, or coagulation systems. Key examination findings, diagnostic tests, types of leukemia like ALL and AML, and management approaches are summarized.
This document provides an overview of lupus, a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs and tissues. It discusses the epidemiology of lupus, noting it primarily affects women and is more common in certain ethnic groups. The pathogenesis involves a genetic predisposition interacting with environmental triggers that result in an abnormal immune response attacking the body's own tissues. Symptoms and organ involvement can vary widely between patients. Diagnosis is based on meeting several criteria that may include rashes, arthritis, kidney disease, neurological issues, and positive antibody tests. Treatment depends on disease severity and organ involvement, ranging from lifestyle changes to immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids. Lupus nephritis, or kidney involvement,
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and systemic symptoms. It affects around 1-3% of the population, occurring more frequently in women between ages 30-50. RA causes periods of disease flares and remissions. The synovium becomes engorged with new blood vessels and inflammatory cells. Genetic and environmental factors may contribute to disease development. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms of joint pain and stiffness as well as blood tests for rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies. Treatment includes NSAIDs, corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic medications to reduce inflammation and prevent further joint damage.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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3. ● Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), or lupus, is an autoimmune
disorder where the immune system produces antibodies that
attack the body’s own tissues, causing inflammation in many
different parts of the body such as the skin, joints, brain, lungs,
heart and kidneys.
● SLE predominantly affects women between 12 and 45 (frequently
starting at childbearing age)
INTRODUCTION
5. ● Female:Male = 9:1
● About 90% of SLE sufferers are women while about 10% are men and children.
● About 90% of women with SLE are in their childbearing years, within the range of 15 to
50 years old.
● In Malaysia, it is estimated that more than 10,000 people have been diagnosed with SLE
over the past 30 years. However, the Malaysian SLE Association believes that there are
many more SLE sufferers in Malaysia who have not been diagnosed.
● In Asians: 30–50/100,000 individuals
● A prevalence of 43/100,000 individuals in Malaysia (2012)
○ Chinese (57/100,000)
○ Malays (33/100,000)
○ Indians (14/100,000)
● Ratio of SLE sufferers : In the West, among Afro-Carribeans 1 in 250-500 people
○ USA – 1 in 2,000 people
○ China – 1 in 1,000 people
EPIDEMIOLOGY
7. AETIOLOGY
The exact etiology is unknown, but several predisposing factors have been
identified.
● Genetic predisposition
○ HLA-DR2 and HLA-DR3 are commonly present in individuals with SLE.
○ Genetic deficiency of classical pathway complement proteins (C1q, C2,
C4) in approx. 10% of affected individuals
● Hormonal factors: Hyperestrogenic states (e.g., due to oral contraceptive use,
postmenopausal hormonal therapy, endometriosis) are associated with an
increased risk of SLE.
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8. AETIOLOGY
● Environmental factors
○ Cigarette smoking and silica exposure increase the risk of developing
SLE.
○ UV light and EBV infection may trigger disease flares, but there is
insufficient evidence on whether they cause SLE.
○ Drugs such as procainamide or hydralazine
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10. Pathophysiology
● Autoantibody development: deficiency of classical complement proteins
(C1q, C4, C2) → failure of macrophages to phagocytose immune complexes
and apoptotic cell material (i.e., plasma and nuclear antigens) →
dysregulated, intolerant lymphocytes targeting normally hidden intracellular
antigens → autoantibody production (e.g., ANA, anti-dsDNA)
● Autoimmune reactions
○ Type III hypersensitivity (most common in SLE) → antibody-antigen
complex formation in microvasculature → complement activation and
inflammation → damage to skin, kidneys, joints, small vessels
○ Type II hypersensitivity → IgG and IgM antibodies directed against
antigens on cells (e.g., red blood cells) → cytopenia
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14. Clinical Features
SLE is a systemic disease characterized by phases of remission and relapse.
Some individuals only experience mild symptoms, while others experience
severe symptoms and rapid disease progression. SLE can affect any organ.
Common
● Constitutional: fatigue, fever, weight loss
● Joints (> 90% of cases)
○ Arthritis and arthralgia
○ Distal symmetrical polyarthritis
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17. COMPLICATION
Inflammation caused by lupus can affect many areas of the body, including:
● Kidneys. Lupus can cause serious kidney damage, and kidney failure is one of the
leading causes of death among people with lupus.
● Brain and central nervous system. If the brain is affected by lupus, the patient may
experience headaches, dizziness, behavior changes, vision problems, and even strokes
or seizures. Many people with lupus experience memory problems and may have
difficulty expressing their thoughts.
● Blood and blood vessels. Lupus may lead to blood problems, including a reduced
number of healthy red blood cells (anemia) and an increased risk of bleeding or blood
clotting. It can also cause inflammation of the blood vessels.
● Lungs. Having lupus increases the chances of developing an inflammation of the chest
cavity lining, which can make breathing painful. Bleeding into lungs and pneumonia
also are possible.
● Heart. Lupus can cause inflammation of the heart muscle, the arteries or heart
membrane. The risk of cardiovascular disease and heart attacks will increases.
18. ► Having lupus also increases the risk of:
► Infection. People with lupus are more vulnerable to infection because
both the disease and its treatments can weaken the immune system.
► Cancer. Having lupus appears to increase your risk of cancer
► Bone tissue death. This occurs when the blood supply to a bone declines,
often leading to tiny breaks in the bone and eventually to the bone's
collapse.
► Pregnancy complications. Women with lupus have an increased risk of
miscarriage. Lupus increases the risk of high blood pressure during
pregnancy and preterm birth.
20. Lab studies
Finding
1) Complete blood count
- Leukopenia - thrombocytopenia
- Normochromic normocytic anemia - increase in ESR
- +/- autoimmune hemolytic anemia - normal CRP
- Rh factor positive (30-50%) - False positive syphilis serology
- Complement level low (C3 and C4)
2) Autoantibody test
- Antinuclear antibody (ANA) is positive
- Anti ds-DNA -> double stranded DNA is positive (50%)
- Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLs) is positive
- Anti-Sm is positive of people with lupus (30%)
- Anti Ro (SSA) and anti-La (SSB) -> more common in Sjogren syndrome patient.
- Raised igG and IgM
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21. 3) Urine test
Microalbuminuria
Creatinine clearance increase
Urine microscopic : >5RBCs, >5 WBCs, cellular casts, spot proteins or spot creatinine
(proteinuria +)
4) Liver function test
Mildly elevated in acute SLE in response to NSAIDs
Creatine kinase levels may be elevated
22. 5) Radiologic studies
Joint radiography
-> radiographic anomalies in SLE are periarticular osteopenia and soft tissue swelling without erosions
Chest X-ray CT scan
-> Fluid or inflammation in the lung -> Vasculitis, antiphospholipid, renal failure
-> right sided pleural effusion (yellow) -> Risk of developing pulmonary emboli
-> atelectasis with scarring in the left -> CT angiogram demonstrates filling defect in lung base (blue)
left anterior segmental arrow
CXR: monitor interstitial lung disease & assess pneumonitis, PE, alveolar hemorrhage
23. 5) Radiologic studies
• Brain MRI
-> used to evaluate for CNS lupus white matter changes, vasculitis,
stroke
-> Axial, T2-weighted brain MRI demonstrate area of ischemic in the
right periventricular white matter
6) Joint effusion & CSF studies
• Arthrocentesis
-> cell count range <25% PMNs in noninflammatory effusions to >50% in
inflammatory effusions
-> gross appearance : straw colored or clear, viscosity
(noninflammatory cases) of fluids : yellow, viscosity (inflammatory
cases)
• Lumbar puncture
-> Elevated in nonspecific cell count found in CSF fluid
-> Proteins level increase with CNS lupus
-> Glucose decrease
24. 7) Kidney biopsies
• Help in distinguishing renal lupus from renal vein thrombosis
which may be a complication of antiphospholipid antibody
syndrome
-> serum creatinine increased (absence of sepsis, hypovolemia,
medication)
-> spot protein: proteinuria >1.0g/24 hour
-> proteinuria (0.5g/>24 hours) with;
1) hematuria (>5 RBC/hpf) 2) cellular casts
27. ● Maintaining an active lifestyle to keep joints flexible and may prevent cardiovascular
complications. .
● Patients with lupus should avoid excessive sun exposure because the ultraviolet rays in
sunlight can cause a skin rash to flare, and may even trigger a more serious flare in the
disease itself. Wearing protective clothing (long sleeves, a big-brimmed hat) and using
sunscreen liberally when outdoors on a sunny day should protect against such
complications.
● Develop strategies for maintaining wellness. Wellness involves close attention to the
body, mind, and spirit. One of the primary goals of wellness for people with SLE is
coping with the stress of having a chronic disorder. Effective stress management varies
from person to person. Some approaches that may help include exercise, relaxation
techniques, and setting priorities for spending time and energy.
● Develop and maintain a good support system.A support system may include family,
friends, medical professionals, and support groups such as Persatuan SLE Malaysia.
● Learning more about SLE also helps. Studies have shown that patients who are
well-informed and participate actively in their own care tend to experience less pain,
make fewer visits to the doctor, and remain more active.
Non pharmalogical
28.
29. 1) NSAIDs
- Naproxen sodium
- Ibuprofen
-> treat pain, swelling and fever associated with lupus
-> stomach bleeding, kidney disease and increased risk of heart disease
2) Antimalarial drugs
- Hydroxychloroquine
-> used to treat malaria
-> affect the immune system and help decrease the risk of lupus flares.
-> stomach upset
-> damage to retina eyes (rarely)
30. 3) Corticosteroid
- Prednisone
- Methylprednisolone*
- Triamcinolone (IM)
-> can counter the inflammation of lupus
-> high dose steroids often used to control serious disease that involves
kidneys and brain*
-> weight gain -> HTN
-> easy bruising -> diabetes
-> thinning bones -> risk of infection
4) Immunosuppressants
- Azathioprine - Cyclosporine
- Leflunomide - Mycophenolate
- Methotrexate
-> Drugs that suppress the immune system
-> increased risk of infection
-> liver damage
-> decreased fertility
-> increased risk of cancer
31. 5) Biologics
- Belimumab (IV)
- Rituximab
-> Reduces lupus symptoms in people
-> useful in other medications that haven’t helped
-> Nausea, diarrhea, infections, depression worsening
-> allergic reactions to the intravenous and infections