SLE is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing inflammation and damage to organs like joints, skin, lungs, kidneys and blood vessels. It most often affects young women between 15-44 years old and occurs more frequently in African Americans, Asians and Hispanics compared to Caucasians. Symptoms vary between individuals but often include joint pain and swelling, rashes, fatigue, fever and organ involvement like lung issues or kidney problems. Diagnosis involves blood tests and physical exams looking for antibody levels and organ involvement. Treatment depends on severity but may include NSAIDs, steroids, immunosuppressants and other medications to reduce symptoms and organ damage.
SLE still an enigma where both patient and health care professionals are blind and do more harm than saving the patient. Hope in future anything can be done to save the patient from the grip of lupus,
Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) is a disease of the immune system. Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection. However, in lupus, the immune system inappropriately attacks tissues in various parts of the body. This abnormal activity of the immune system leads to tissue damage and illness.To know more visit here: www.lazoi.com
SLE still an enigma where both patient and health care professionals are blind and do more harm than saving the patient. Hope in future anything can be done to save the patient from the grip of lupus,
Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) is a disease of the immune system. Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection. However, in lupus, the immune system inappropriately attacks tissues in various parts of the body. This abnormal activity of the immune system leads to tissue damage and illness.To know more visit here: www.lazoi.com
Lupus is a systematic autoimmune disease which affects the body’s tissues and organs by your own immune system thinking that they are foreign. Lupus is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects various parts of the body including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart, and lungs. Lupus is also known as systemic lupus erythematosus or SLE. The exact cause of lupus is very difficult to diagnose, although it’s a combination of genes, hormones and environmental factors. It affects women between 18 and 40 years of age.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. DEFINITION
SLE is an autoimmune disease in which the immune
system attacks its own tissues, causing widespread
inflammation and tissue damage in the affected
organs. It can affect the joints, skin, brain, lungs,
kidneys, and blood vessels.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic
inflammatory disease that affects almost all body
systems, including the musculoskeletal system.
3. INCIDENCE
SLE is more common in women than men by nearly 10
to 1.
It may occur at any age. However, it appears most
often in young women between the ages of 15 and 44.
In the US, the disease affects more African Americans,
Asians, African Caribbeans, and Hispanic Americans
compared to Caucasians.
4. ETIOLOGY
The cause of SLE is not clearly known. It may be linked to
the following factors:
•Genetic
•Environmental-
•ultraviolet rays
•Viruses
•Physical or emotional stress
•Trauma
•Hormonal
•Certain medicines
5. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Lupus can affect almost any organ in the body.
Symptoms vary from person to person and may come
and go.
Everyone with SLE has joint pain and swelling at some
time. Some develop arthritis. SLE often affects the
joints of the fingers, hands, wrists, and knees.
Other common symptoms include:
•Chest pain when taking a deep breath, Fatigue.
•Fever with no other cause.
6. •General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling
(malaise).
•Hair loss, Weight loss.
•Mouth sores.
•Sensitivity to sunlight.
•Skin rash -- A "butterfly" rash develops in about half
the people with SLE.
•Swollen lymph nodes.
7. Other symptoms and signs depend on which part of the
body is affected:
•Brain and nervous system - Headaches, weakness,
numbness, tingling, seizures, vision problems, memory
and personality changes.
•Digestive tract- Abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting
•Heart- Valve problems, Myocarditis or Pericarditis
•Lung- Pleural Effusion , difficulty breathing, Hemoptysis
•Skin- Sores in the mouth
•Kidney- Swelling in the legs
•Circulation- Clots in veins or arteries, Thrombophlebitis ,
Vasoconstriction in response to cold (Raynaud
phenomenon)
•Blood abnormalities including anemia, low white blood
8.
9.
10. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS
Diagnosis of SLE is based on a complete history, physical
examination, and blood tests.
Typically, assessment reveals classic symptoms, including
fever, fatigue, weight loss, and possibly arthritis, pleurisy,
and pericarditis. The skin is inspected for erythematous
rashes.
Cardiovascular assessment includes auscultation for
pericardial friction rub, possibly associated with myocarditis
and accompanying pleural effusions.
Joint swelling, tenderness, warmth, pain on movement,
stiffness, and edema may be detected on physical
examination.
The neurologic assessment is directed at identifying and
describing any central nervous system changes.
No single laboratory test confirms SLE; rather, blood testing
11. OTHER DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
•Antibodies to double-stranded DNA
•Coombs test
•ESR and CRP
•Kidney function blood tests
•Liver function blood tests
•Rheumatoid factor
•Antiphospholipid antibodies and lupus anticoagulant
test
•Kidney biopsy
•Imaging tests of the heart, brain, lungs, joints,
muscles or intestines
12. MANAGEMENT
The goals of treatment include preventing
progressive loss of organ function, reducing the
likelihood of acute disease, minimizing disease-
related disabilities, and preventing complications
from therapy.
Mild forms of the disease may be treated with:
NSAIDs for joint symptoms.
Low doses of corticosteroids, such as prednisone,
for skin and arthritis symptoms.
Corticosteroid creams for skin rashes.
Antimalarial medications are effective for
managing cutaneous, musculoskeletal, and mild
13. Treatments for more severe SLE may include:
High-dose corticosteroids.
Immunosuppressive medicines (these medicines
suppress the immune system).
Anticoagulants for clotting disorders.
14. NURSING MANAGEMENT
1. Provide variety of comfort measures
a. Application of heat or cold
b. Massage, position changes, rest
c. Foam mattress, supportive pillow, splints
d. Relaxation techniques, diversional activities
2. Administer anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and slow-
acting antirheumatic medications as prescribed.
3. Individualize medication schedule to meet patient’s
need for pain management.
4. Encourage verbalization of feelings about pain and
chronicity of disease.
5. Teach pathophysiology
15. Encourage adherence to the treatment program.
Refer to and encourage a conditioning program.
Encourage adequate nutrition, including source of iron
from food and supplements.
16. PATIENT EDUCATION
•Wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and
sunscreen when in the sun.
•Get preventive heart care.
•Stay up-to-date with immunizations.
•Have tests to screen for osteoporosis.
•Avoid tobacco and drink minimal amounts of
alcohol.
17. COMPLICATIONS
•Lupus nephritis
•Blood clots in arteries of veins of the legs,
lungs, brain, or intestines
•Destruction of red blood cells or anemia of
long-term (chronic) disease
•Pericarditis, or myocarditis or endocarditis
•Fluid around the lungs and damage to lung
tissue
•Pregnancy problems, including miscarriage
•Stroke