A presentation prepared by Don Peden, Mario Herrero, Girma Taddesse and David Molden for the Stockholm World Water Week workshop on Changing Diets and their Implications for Water, Land and Livelihoods, Stockholm, Sweden, August 20-26, 2006.

1. Improving livestock water productivity to help satisfy future human dietary requirements in developing countries Don Peden, Mario Herrero, Girma Taddesse, and David Molden Invited Paper Stockholm World Water Week 2006 workshop on Changing diets and their implications for water, land and livelihoods 20 to 26 August, Stockholm, Sweden With assistance from Canada’s International Development Research Centre

2. Hungry world ‘must eat less meat’ Opening Stockholm WWW 2004 By Alex Kirby: BBC News Online environment correspondent Is this the whole story? What about developing countries? Most “hungry” people live in developing countries! What is potential to increase water productivity? World water supplies will not be enough for our descendants to enjoy the sort of diet the West eats now, experts say. The World Water Week (2004) in Stockholm will be told the growth in demand for meat and dairy products is unsustainable. Livestock needs a lot of water

5. In - flow Surface in-flow Ground water Rain Ground & soil water recharge Infiltration LWP FRAMEWORK Drinking Beneficial Animal outputs: Meat, milk, eggs, hides, farm power, manure, wealth savings Evaporation Discharge/flood Contamination, Degradation Trees Grazing land Food crops Feed crops Transpiration Grazing, Feeding, Watering Enhancing Production Genetics, health, nutrition, value added Imported feed Feed Sourcing Range, grains forages,

12. Assess and improve WP & Rain-use efficiency (RUE) for non-grain feed sources >> Variability among production systems high! << ?? High ?? Crop residues & byproducts [ No extra H 2 0 ] 0.1 - 0.5 USA, Med., Austr., Sahel, Central Asia range 0.6 Masai Mara range (Kenya) 1.5 Irrigated alfalfa (Sudan & Wyoming) 4.2 Pennisetum purpureum 7.0 Irrigated forage Sorghum (Sudan) WP or RUE (Kg/m 3 H 2 0) Feed/Forage/rangeland

13. Make more effective use of rangelands unsustainable for crop Rain water used for feed often has no other productive agricultural potential but ecosystem services may be important. Strictly grazing Mostly grazing Other