Toward a LWP Assessment Methodology A contribution to the Karkheh CPWF workshop ICARDA, Syria, April 2005 Presented by Don Peden, ILRI

The Nile: Where are the animals? Tropical Livestock Units per Km 2 <1 1-10 10-20 20-30 >30 Nile Basin

LWP: based on water accounting concepts WATER ENABLED OUTPUTS Beneficial: Grain, other foods, animal feed, wood, fibre Wild biodiversity Meat, milk, eggs, hides, power, manure, wealth Exported water Non-beneficial: Discharge Floods Contamination Land evoporation Transpiration Degraded/devalued Commited outflow Uncommited outflow Export Plant production Livestock production Ground water In- flow Recharge Rain Surface Inflow

Framework for assessing livestock water productivity (LWP) In - flow Imported feed Livestock play multiple roles that affect water productivity Trees Pasture/range Food crops Feed Grazing & watering Feed Sourcing DRINK Discharge/flood Ground Ground & soil water recharge Rain Surface In flow Evaporation Degradation Transpiration Animal production Plant production Husbandry, health & genetics

Relation between % crop residue in animal feed and LWP in irrigated and non-irrigated households in the Awash basin, Ethiopia Crop residue (% of total feed) Example feed sourcing strategy

Dry season feed availability for livestock of irrigator and non-irrigator households probably affects productivity per animal (e.g., Godino, Ethiopia) Irrigated Non-irrigated

Water harvesting and livestock: Belatu’s story (Preliminary results - Sasakawa Global 2000 & ILRI collaboration) 1997: Subsistence & family income less than $50/year Example feed sourcing and watering strategy

Should we think beyond WP and identify investment domains where with high potential for improving WP? Ag. Production systems Available Discret. water Market access Plus Urban livestock 15 Water-Livestock Development Domains Human pop. density

Final thought: Preliminary estimate of water depleted for maintenance feed production in the Karkheh Basin Water transpired or depleted for livestock production in the Karkheh basin based on FAO livestock corrected estimates 2000 * Many assumptions made and available on request* 563 6.60 TOTAL 243 2.78 Sheep 189 1.79 Goats 132 2.03 Cattle Million m 3 water transpired Million animal units 1 AU = 45 kg sheep

We look forward to collaborating with you to develop a CPWF-wide approach to assessing WP. Thank you! Water for Feed Drinking Water Health & Environment