Strategies for improving livestock water productivity or Moving beyond the elephant’s trunk CPWF International Forum on Water & Food Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9-14 November 2008 (A CPWF PN37 output)

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Agriculture + ecosystem Benefits ** Non- productive losses Transpiration Basic water accounting framework Depletion Ground water Infiltration River basin Watershed Community Household & farm Herd Animal

In - flow Rain Surface in-flow Non- productive losses Grain Residues By-products Fodder Pasture Imported feed Four LWP improving strategies: Feed sourcing Other losses Transpiration Ground water Infiltration 1. Select low water cost feeds Meat, milk, hides, traction, manure, etc.

Example LWP estimate Mixed crop-livestock farms Blue Nile highlands: (Curtis 2007) 0.09 Total 0.08 Rainfed 0.09 Irrigated Crop 0.27 Total 0.19 Rainfed 0.33 Irrigated Livestock Mean (USD/m 3 ) Net Back Value of Water

LWP --- So what?

2009 – 2013 LWP Domestic Gender Ecosystems Climate Crops Water Poverty Economics Fish Soil Food Health MUWS Rainfed WP Benefit sharing Drivers of change Phase 2: Many elephants (Many integrated issues!)