Orthopedic physical assessment - David j magee
Morgan WJ . Slowman Ls Acute wrist injuries in athletes
Levine W . Rehabilitation techniques for ligament injuries of the wrist
Knee injuries for MBBS (undergraduate students). This presentation deals with injuries to the bones and ligaments around the knee as well as gives a brief overview on the dislocations of the knee and patella.
Orthopedic physical assessment - David j magee
Morgan WJ . Slowman Ls Acute wrist injuries in athletes
Levine W . Rehabilitation techniques for ligament injuries of the wrist
Knee injuries for MBBS (undergraduate students). This presentation deals with injuries to the bones and ligaments around the knee as well as gives a brief overview on the dislocations of the knee and patella.
Presentation of causes,risk factors,signs and symptoms,diagnosis ,medical and physiotherapy management of septic arthritis.
hope you find this informative
Presentation on osteomyelitis for physiotherapy students
It includes the explanation along with the treatment for osteomyelitis which may be benefitial for the physiotherapy students
Thank You for watching
UNIT 5.2 PHYSIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Estrogens replacement therapy is commenced on the basis of dependent or previously estrogen sensitive women.
Low dose estrogens for short period to improve metabolic state. Estrogens therapy relieves unpleasant symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness and also appeared to protect against postmenopausal conditions such as osteoporosis and heart disease
A wound is a break or cut in the continuity of any body structure, internal or external caused by physical means.
A wound is a type of injury which happens relatively quickly in which skin is torn, cut, or punctured (an open wound), or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound).
“Trauma” = Injury of one or more systems,that results in excessive bleeding and mayaffect the normal body functioning.
Defined as cellular disruption caused by anexchange with environmental energy that isbeyond the body's resilience.
Substance abuse can be defined as using a drug in a way that is inconsistent with medical or social norms and despite negative consequences.
Substance abuse denotes problem in social vocational, or legal area of the person’s life
Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances , including alcohol and illicit drugs.
Poisoning is injury or death due to swallowing, inhalation, touching or injecting various drugs, chemical, venoms or gases.
Many substances such as drugs, carbon monoxide, food poisoning, organo-phosphorus are poison.
Poisoning can be an accident or a planned action.
Organophosphate poisoning is poisoning due to organophosphates (OPs). Organophosphates are used as insecticides, medications, and nerve agents.
Symptoms include increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, vomiting, small pupils, sweating, muscle tremors, and confusion.
Other names: Organophosphate toxicity
Causes: organophosphates
Hypovolemic shock is a life-threatening emergency in which severe blood or other fluid loss makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body. This type of shock can cause many organs to stop working.
Hypovolemic shock is a dangerous condition that happens when suddenly lose a lot of blood or fluids from body. This drops blood volume, the amount of blood circulating in body. That’s why it’s also known as low-volume shock.
Heat stroke a core temperature ≥40°C accompanied by CNS dysfunction in patients with environmental heat exposure. This condition represents a failure of the body's ability to maintain thermoregulatory homeostasis.
Hemorrhage is the loss of blood escaping from the circulatory system.
Bleeding can occur internally, where blood leaks from blood vessels inside the body, or externally either through a natural opening such as mouth, nose, ear, urethra or anus or through a break in the skin.
Uncontrolled bleeding can rapidly lead to shock and death.
Excessive or uncontrollable bleeding, often caused by trauma, surgical or obstetrical complications, or the advanced stages of certain illnesses such as cirrhosis and peptic ulcer disease.
An airway obstruction is a blockage in any part of the airway.
The airway is a complex system of tubes that conveys inhaled air from nose and mouth into the lungs.
An obstruction may partially or totally prevent air from getting into lungs.
Acute upper airway obstruction is a life-threatening medical emergency.
Emergency nursing is a nursing specialty in which nurses care for patients in the emergency or critical phase of their illness or injury.
While this is common to many nursing specialties, the key difference is that an emergency nurse is skilled at dealing with people in the phase when a diagnosis has not yet been made and the cause of the problem is not known.
Traction is the application of a pulling force to a part of the body.
It is used primarily as a short term interventions.
Traction produces physical &
emotional frustration.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) facts
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that can cause chronic inflammation of the joints and other areas of the body.
It can affect people of all ages.
The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not known.
In rheumatoid arthritis, multiple joints are usually, affected in a symmetrical pattern.
Paget disease is a chronic bone disorder that typically results in enlarged, deformed bones due to excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue that can cause bones to weaken and may result in bone pain, arthritis deformities or fractures.
Osteoporosis is a chronic, progressive disease of multifactorial etiology.
It is most frequently recognized in particularly in elderly people and does occur in sexes, all races, and all age groups.
Osteoporosis is a preventable disease that can result in disturbing physical, psychosocial, and economic consequences.
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue.
The root words osteon (bone) and myelo (marrow) are combined with itis (inflammation) to define the clinical state in which bone is infected with microorganisms.
Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of bone caused by an infecting organism.
Cancer is a disease of the cells in the body. The body is made up from millions of tiny cells. There are several types of oral cancers, but around 90% are squamous cell carcinomas originating in the tissues that line the mouth and lips.
Oral or mouth cancer most commonly involves the tongue.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
3. Introduction
Inflammation of joint due to
a bacterial or fungal infection.
Its mainly occur due to
pyogenic organism.
It presents as an acute painful
arthritis, but it may present as
subacute or chronic arthritis.
It also named as infective
arthritis, pyogenic arthritis or
supporative arthritis
4. Causes
Acute Septic Arthritis:
Most common causative organism: Staph.aureus
Other organisms are streptococcus, Pneumococcus and Gonoccus
Chronic Septic arthritis:
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Candida albucans
Less common
5. Routes of Infection
Hematogenous:
It is most commonest route and may be a primary focus ofinfection in
the form of pyoderma, throat infection and septicemia.
Secondary to near by Oteomyelitis:
Particularly common route in joints with intra-articular metaphysis. E.g
hip,shoulder.
Penetrating wounds:
The knee, being a superficial joint, I soften affected via this route.
Iatrogenic:
It may occur following intra-articular steroid injection in different
arthritis and during femoral artery punctures for blood collection.
Umbilical cord sepsis:
Infection can travel to joints
6. Risk Factors
Artificial joint implants
Bacterial infection somewhere else in your body
Chronic illness or disease (such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and
sickle cell disease)
Intravenous (IV) or injection drug use
Medications that suppress your immune system
Recent joint injury
Recent joint arthroscopy or other surgery
Seen at any age
Children younger than 3 years( Hip)
7. Pathogenesis
) Any one of the etiology enter to the body through various route, it
reaches to the joint.
Begin an inflammatory response in the synovium which resulting in the
exudation of fluid within the joint.
Joint cartilage is destroyed by inflammatory grannulation tissue and
lysosomal enzymes in the joint exudate.
Destruction of the joints and loss of joint movement(ankylosis).
8. Clinical Features
) In a typical acute form:
-Severe throbing pain
-Swelling
-Redness of the affected joint associated with high grade fever and
malaise.
-Unable to use affected limb
In subacute phase:
-- Not allowing to touch the affected joint
-Low grade fever
9. Clinical Features
) Not moving the affected limb properly due to pain on movement
Joint Swelling just one joint
Psuedoparalysis
Joint tenderness
10. Diagnosis
mainly clinical examination
Aspiration of joint fluid for cell count, examination of crystal under the
microscope, gram stain & culture.
Blood Culture
Blood: Neutrophil leukocytosis, ESR increased
12. Treatment
Antibiotic:
- In joint infections, parenteral antibiotics - at least 2 weeks.
-Infection with either methicillin-resistant S aureus or methicillin-
susceptible S aureus - at least 4 full weeks IV antibiotic therapy.
-Orally administered antimicrobial agents are almost never indicated in
the treatment of S aureus infections.
-Gram-negative native joint infections with a pathogen i.e sensitive to
quinolones can be treated with oral ciprofloxacin for the final 1-2 weeks
of treatment.
-2-week course of intravenous antibiotics is sufficient to treat
gonococcal arthritis.
-Drugs Used: Ceftriazone, Cifrofloxacin, Cefixime, Oxacillin,
Vancomycin
13. Contd……….
Joint immobilization and physical therapy
-Resting, keeping the joint still, raising the joint and using cold
compresses may help relieve pain.
-Immobilization of the joints to control the pain.
-Exercising the affected joint helps the recovery process.
Arthrocentesis
-If synovial fluid builds up quickly due to the infection, a needle may be
inserted into the joint often to aspirate the fluid.
Severe cases may need surgery to drain the infected joint fluid.
Physical Therapy
-Usually, immobilization of the infected joint to control pain is not
necessary after the first few days.
-If the patient's condition responds adequately after 5 days of
treatment, begin gentle mobilization of the infected joint.
14. Contd…..
- Most patients require aggressive physical therapy to allow maximum
postinfection functioning of the joint.
-The joint should bear no weight until the clinical signs and symptoms of
synovitis have resolved.
Synovial Fluid Drainage:
-In general, use a needle aspirate initially,repeating joint taps frequently
enough to prevent significant reaccumulation of fluid.
-Aspirating the joint 2-3 times a day may be necessary during the first
few days.
-If frequent drainage is necessary, surgical drainage becomes more
attractive.
- Gonococcal-infected joints rarely require surgical drainage.
15. Contd…..
Indication for Surgical drainage:
-The appropriate choice of antibiotic and vigorous percutaneous
drainage fails to clear the infection after 5-7 days.
-The infected joints are difficult to aspirate (eg, hip).
-Adjacent soft tissue is infected.
Prognosis
-Recovery is good with prompt antibiotic treatment. If treatment is
delayed, permanent joint damage may result.
Complications
Deformity & stiffness
Pathological dislocation Osteoarthritis