A wound is a break or cut in the continuity of any body structure, internal or external caused by physical means.
A wound is a type of injury which happens relatively quickly in which skin is torn, cut, or punctured (an open wound), or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound).
this is the peresentation about the first aid of bleeding and the definition of wounds and the different types of the wounds.
As it is understood first aid play an essential and important role in our daily lifes.
this is the peresentation about the first aid of bleeding and the definition of wounds and the different types of the wounds.
As it is understood first aid play an essential and important role in our daily lifes.
Presentation developed for an industrial workforce safety campaign. Designed for a 30 minute presentation on preventing lacerations in the work environment. Targeted audience is the lay workforce. Presentation has an intended "shock factor."
Videos are all from YouTube and are not embedded.
Proper wound care is necessary to prevent infection, assure there are no other associated injuries, and to promote healing of the skin. An additional goal, if possible, is to have a good cosmetic result after the wound has completely healed. This wound care article is designed to present information on wounds involving mainly the skin; it is not meant to cover all wounds (for example, gunshot, degloving wounds, tendon lacerations, and others).
This contains wound and wound dressing,classification of wound,
signs and symptoms of wound
Diagnostic evaluation od wound
Wound healing process,
Factors affecting wound healing
Complication of wound
Wound Dressing
Types of dressing
Articles need in wound dreassing
Presentation developed for an industrial workforce safety campaign. Designed for a 30 minute presentation on preventing lacerations in the work environment. Targeted audience is the lay workforce. Presentation has an intended "shock factor."
Videos are all from YouTube and are not embedded.
Proper wound care is necessary to prevent infection, assure there are no other associated injuries, and to promote healing of the skin. An additional goal, if possible, is to have a good cosmetic result after the wound has completely healed. This wound care article is designed to present information on wounds involving mainly the skin; it is not meant to cover all wounds (for example, gunshot, degloving wounds, tendon lacerations, and others).
This contains wound and wound dressing,classification of wound,
signs and symptoms of wound
Diagnostic evaluation od wound
Wound healing process,
Factors affecting wound healing
Complication of wound
Wound Dressing
Types of dressing
Articles need in wound dreassing
Free Survival First Aid Downloads
source of info:
http://www.theprepperjournal.com/2013/07/04/2-free-survival-first-aid-downloads/
http://practicalplasticsurgery.org/docs/help_basicwoundcare.pdf
Can a small cut in the skin lead to life threatening wound infection? Underst...Med724
Almost each one of us has or will experience an open wound at some point in life. Cut with sharp objects or tools, falls, accidents involving vehicles are some of the common causes of wounds. An injury which breaks the surface of skin (break in body tissue) leads to an open wound.
Most of us don’t bother to take care or care minimum (unless it’s a major injury) if there is a cut or injury to the skin as this a very normal thing associated with our daily life. But an open wound unattended whether minor or major can lead to serious complications. So watch out!
Let’s explore to understand wound infection better and prevent serious health complications
UNIT 5.2 PHYSIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Estrogens replacement therapy is commenced on the basis of dependent or previously estrogen sensitive women.
Low dose estrogens for short period to improve metabolic state. Estrogens therapy relieves unpleasant symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness and also appeared to protect against postmenopausal conditions such as osteoporosis and heart disease
“Trauma” = Injury of one or more systems,that results in excessive bleeding and mayaffect the normal body functioning.
Defined as cellular disruption caused by anexchange with environmental energy that isbeyond the body's resilience.
Substance abuse can be defined as using a drug in a way that is inconsistent with medical or social norms and despite negative consequences.
Substance abuse denotes problem in social vocational, or legal area of the person’s life
Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances , including alcohol and illicit drugs.
Poisoning is injury or death due to swallowing, inhalation, touching or injecting various drugs, chemical, venoms or gases.
Many substances such as drugs, carbon monoxide, food poisoning, organo-phosphorus are poison.
Poisoning can be an accident or a planned action.
Organophosphate poisoning is poisoning due to organophosphates (OPs). Organophosphates are used as insecticides, medications, and nerve agents.
Symptoms include increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, vomiting, small pupils, sweating, muscle tremors, and confusion.
Other names: Organophosphate toxicity
Causes: organophosphates
Hypovolemic shock is a life-threatening emergency in which severe blood or other fluid loss makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body. This type of shock can cause many organs to stop working.
Hypovolemic shock is a dangerous condition that happens when suddenly lose a lot of blood or fluids from body. This drops blood volume, the amount of blood circulating in body. That’s why it’s also known as low-volume shock.
Heat stroke a core temperature ≥40°C accompanied by CNS dysfunction in patients with environmental heat exposure. This condition represents a failure of the body's ability to maintain thermoregulatory homeostasis.
Hemorrhage is the loss of blood escaping from the circulatory system.
Bleeding can occur internally, where blood leaks from blood vessels inside the body, or externally either through a natural opening such as mouth, nose, ear, urethra or anus or through a break in the skin.
Uncontrolled bleeding can rapidly lead to shock and death.
Excessive or uncontrollable bleeding, often caused by trauma, surgical or obstetrical complications, or the advanced stages of certain illnesses such as cirrhosis and peptic ulcer disease.
An airway obstruction is a blockage in any part of the airway.
The airway is a complex system of tubes that conveys inhaled air from nose and mouth into the lungs.
An obstruction may partially or totally prevent air from getting into lungs.
Acute upper airway obstruction is a life-threatening medical emergency.
Emergency nursing is a nursing specialty in which nurses care for patients in the emergency or critical phase of their illness or injury.
While this is common to many nursing specialties, the key difference is that an emergency nurse is skilled at dealing with people in the phase when a diagnosis has not yet been made and the cause of the problem is not known.
Traction is the application of a pulling force to a part of the body.
It is used primarily as a short term interventions.
Traction produces physical &
emotional frustration.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) facts
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that can cause chronic inflammation of the joints and other areas of the body.
It can affect people of all ages.
The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not known.
In rheumatoid arthritis, multiple joints are usually, affected in a symmetrical pattern.
Paget disease is a chronic bone disorder that typically results in enlarged, deformed bones due to excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue that can cause bones to weaken and may result in bone pain, arthritis deformities or fractures.
Osteoporosis is a chronic, progressive disease of multifactorial etiology.
It is most frequently recognized in particularly in elderly people and does occur in sexes, all races, and all age groups.
Osteoporosis is a preventable disease that can result in disturbing physical, psychosocial, and economic consequences.
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue.
The root words osteon (bone) and myelo (marrow) are combined with itis (inflammation) to define the clinical state in which bone is infected with microorganisms.
Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of bone caused by an infecting organism.
Cancer is a disease of the cells in the body. The body is made up from millions of tiny cells. There are several types of oral cancers, but around 90% are squamous cell carcinomas originating in the tissues that line the mouth and lips.
Oral or mouth cancer most commonly involves the tongue.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
4. Introduction:
A wound is a break or cut in the continuity of any body structure, internal or
external caused by physical means.
A wound is a type of injury which happens relatively quickly in which skin is torn,
cut, or punctured (an open wound), or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion
(a closed wound).
9/14/2022
4
5. Definition:
Wound is an injury to the body (as from violence, accident or
surgery) that typically involves laceration or breaking of a
membrane ( such as the skin) and usually damage to underlying
tissues.
9/14/2022
5
6. Types Of Wounds:
Wounds can be classified into two main types. These are :
Open wounds
Closed wounds.
In the category open and closed wounds, the wounds are then
summarized again into more specific categories.
9/14/2022
6
7. Open Wounds
An open wound is an injury involving an external or internal break
in body tissue, usually involving the skin.
Nearly everyone will experience an open wound at some point in
their life. Most open wounds are minor and can be treated at home.
Falls, accidents with sharp objects, and car accidents are the most
common causes of open wounds.
9/14/2022
7
8. Cont…
There are four types of open wounds, which are classified depending on their
cause.
I. Abrasion
An abrasion occurs when your skin rubs or scrapes against a rough or hard
surface. Road rash is an eample of an abrasion. There’s usually not a lot of
bleeding, but the wound needs to be scrubbed and cleaned to avoid infection.
9/14/2022
8
9. Cont…
II. Laceration
A laceration is a deep cut or tearing of our skin. Accidents with knives, tools, and
machinery are frequent causes of lacerations. In the case of deep lacerations,
bleeding can be rapid and extensive.
9/14/2022
9
10. Cont…
III. Puncture
A puncture is a small hole caused by a long, pointy object, such as a nail or needle.
Sometimes, a bullet can cause a Puncture wound.
Punctures may not bleed much, but these wounds can be deep enough to damage internal
organs. If you have even a small puncture wound, visit your doctor to get a tetanus
shot and prevent infection.
9/14/2022
10
11. Cont…
IV. Avulsion
An avulsion is a partial or complete
tearing away of skin and the tissue
beneath. Avulsions usually occur
during violent accidents, such as
body-crushing accidents, explosions,
and gunshots. They bleed heavily and
rapidly.
9/14/2022
11
13. Closed Wounds
In a closed wound, the skin’s surface is not broken; therefore, tissue
damage and any bleeding occur below the surface.
The simplest closed wound is a bruise. A bruise develops when the
body is bumped or hit, such as when you bump your leg on a table
or chair.
9/14/2022
13
14. Types of Closed Wounds:
Explained below are the main types of closed wounds: -
I. Contusions (bruise)
A bruise, also known as a contusion, typically appears on the skin after trauma
such as a blow to the body or caused by blunt force trauma . It occurs when the
small veins and capillaries under the skin break.
9/14/2022
14
15. Cont…
II. Hematoma
caused by damage to a blood vessel that in turn causes blood to collect under
the skin .
9/14/2022
15
16. Cont…
III. Crushing Injuries :
caused by a great or extreme amount of force applied over a long
period of time.
9/14/2022
16
17. Types of wound according to nature of the injury:
Wounds can be divided into three main groups to emphasis their
seriousness, these groups are: -
I. Minor Cuts and Scrapes
II. Puncture Wounds
III. Major wounds
9/14/2022
17
18. The signs and symptoms of Wounds:
Redness or excessive swelling in the wound area.
Throbbing pain or tenderness in the wound area.
Red streaks in the skin around the wound or progressing away from
the wound.
Pus or watery discharge collected beneath the skin or draining from
the wound.
9/14/2022
18
19. Cont…
Tender lumps or swelling in your armpit, groin or neck.
Foul odor from the wound .
Generalized chills or fever.
9/14/2022
19
20. Specific symptoms for specific wounds.
The general symptoms of a wound are localized pain and bleeding.
Specific symptoms include: -
An abrasion usually appears as lines of scraped skin with tiny spots
of bleeding.
An avulsion has heavy, rapid bleeding and a noticeable absence of
tissue.
A contusion may appear as a bruise beneath the skin or may appear
only on imaging tests; an internal wound may also generate
symptoms such as weakness, perspiration, and pain.
9/14/2022
20
21. Cont…
A crush wound may have irregular margins like a laceration; however, the wound
will be deeper and trauma to muscle and bone may be apparent.
A cut may have little or profuse bleeding depending on its depth and length.
A laceration too may have little or profuse bleeding; the tissue damage is generally
greater and the wound's ragged edges do not readily line up.
A puncture wound will be greater than its length, therefore there is usually little
bleeding around the outside of the wound and more bleeding inside, causing
discoloration.
9/14/2022
21
22. First – Aid Treatment :
Some wounds may be treated at home and others may require a trip
to your doctor for a medical approach.
9/14/2022
22
23. Home care for minor wounds
Minor wounds can be treated at home. First, wash and disinfect the
wound to remove all dirt and debris. Use direct pressure and
elevation to control bleeding and swelling.
When wrapping the wound, always use a sterile dressing or
bandage. Very minor wounds may heal without a bandage. You’ll
need to keep the wound clean and dry . You should also make sure
you get plenty of rest.
9/14/2022
23
24. Cont…
Pain typically accompanies a wound. You can take acetaminophen
as directed on the package. Avoid products with aspirin since they
can cause or prolong bleeding.
Apply ice if you have bruising or swelling, and avoid picking at
scabs. If you’re spending time outdoors, use a sunscreen that’s sun
protection factor (SPF) 30 on the area until it’s completely healed.
9/14/2022
24
25. When to see a doctor
Although we can treat some wounds at home, we should see a doctor
if:
an open wound is deeper than 1/2 inch.
bleeding doesn’t stop with direct pressure.
bleeding lasts longer than 20 minutes.
bleeding is the result of a serious accident.
9/14/2022
25
26. Puncture Wounds- how to treat them.
Puncture wounds are difficult to clean. If the object has penetrated
the bone, it is especially risky.
Flush the area thoroughly with water, cleaning well and on a
number of occasions.
Elevate the wound, and if signs of infection manifest (redness,
swelling, persistent pain, pus, or fever), contact a health
professional
9/14/2022
26
27. Major Wounds- How to treat them
For severe bleeding, apply constant pressure to the wound with a
sterile dressing. Hold for up to twenty minutes.
If there is a foreign object in the wound don't press directly, but
apply pressure along the wound area.
If broken bones or dislocations are suspected, do not move the
affected limb. If you are sure there are no broken bones or
dislocations , you can gently elevate and support the part while
keeping pressure on it. This action should minimize bleeding. Then
get Medical Help.
9/14/2022
27
28. General ways to treat any wound
The following are the 5 basic steps for treating a cut or wound :
1. Stop the bleeding. Put a clean cloth over the wound. Press down for
at least 3 minutes.
2. Wash the wound. Washing the wound is the best way to prevent
infection. Wash hands first with soap and water and rinse in
purified water or sanitized solution. Wash wound with purified
water and disinfectant soap.
9/14/2022
28
29. Cont…
3. Remove dirt particles. Lift flaps of skin gently with sterile tweezers. (sterilize
tweezers by boiling them in water for a few minutes or soaking in alcohol for
15 minutes and them covering them until they will be used.) Continue to squirt
or pour purified water on the wound until it is completely clean.
4. Close the skin. A wound less than 12 hours old will heal faster with the edges
held together. This can be done by stitches by a health worker or with a
butterfly bandage made from adhesive tape.
5. Dress and cover the wound. Once the wound is clean and closed, it will heal
faster.
9/14/2022
29
30. Cont…
Anytime a person is seriously hurt, for example with a cut or burn,
they may react by going into shock. A person in shock may have a
weak, rapid pulse; damp, pale, or clammy skin; and feel confused,
weak, or go unconscious.
Steps to follow if the person is in shock:
• Have there person lie down with feet elevated above the head.
• Cover person with a blanket if feeling cold.
• If person is conscious, let him drink lukewarm liquids, especially
oral rehydration solution.
9/14/2022
30
32. Treatment
Minor, or acute, open wounds may not require medical treatment.
People can treat these types of wound at home.
However, severe open wounds that involve significant bleeding will
require immediate medical attention.
9/14/2022
32
33. Cont…
Open wound care should involve the following steps:
Stop the bleeding: Using a clean cloth or bandage, gently apply
pressure to the wound to promote blood clotting.
Clean the wound: Use clean water and a saline solution to flush
away any debris or bacteria. Once the wound looks clean, pat it dry
with a clean cloth. A doctor may need to perform a surgical
debridement to remove debris from severe wounds that contain
dead tissue, glass, bullets, or other foreign objects.
9/14/2022
33
34. Cont…
Treat the wound with antibiotics: After cleaning the wound, apply
a thin layer of antibiotic ointment to prevent infection.
Close and dress the wound: Closing clean wounds helps promote
faster healing. Waterproof bandages and gauze work well for minor
wounds. Deep open wounds may require stitches or staples.
However, leave an already infected wound open until the infection
clears.
9/14/2022
34
35. Cont…
Routinely change the dressing: The Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source recommend removing the old
bandages and checking for signs of infection every 24 hours.
Disinfect and dry the wound before reapplying a clean adhesive
bandage or gauze. Remember to keep the wound dry while it heals.
9/14/2022
35