Food chains describe the transfer of energy between organisms in an ecosystem. Producers, like plants, capture energy from the sun through photosynthesis. Consumers obtain energy by eating other organisms and include primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary consumers. Decomposers recycle nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter. Food chains often interact to form complex food webs that allow energy to transfer between multiple organisms in an ecosystem. Ecological pyramids graphically represent the biomass or numbers of organisms at different trophic levels, with producers forming the base and higher-level consumers the top.
presentation contain different type of interactions, competition-intra and inter-specific, mechanism of competition-Exploitation and Interference, Mathematical models of Competition i.e. Hutchinson Ratio, Exponential Growth, Logistic Model, Lotka-Volterra Competition Model, Tilman's Resource Model, Results of Competition i.e. Range restriction, Competitive Displacement, Competitive Exclusion , Competitive Displacement Hypothesis, Ecological Niche, Evolution of new species, Factors Affecting Competition, Case studies
Ecology derived from two Greek word “oikos” means house, habitation or place of living & “logos” means study.
Definition: Ecology is the study of interrelationship between living organism and their physical and biological environment.
Importance
Intrinsic Value
Extinctions
What is Biodiversity?
Genetic Biodiversity
Species Biodiversity
Ecosystem Biodiversity
Ecosystem Function
Marine Biodiversity
Caribbean Diversity
Extinctions
Threats to Biodiversity
Protection & MPA’s
presentation contain different type of interactions, competition-intra and inter-specific, mechanism of competition-Exploitation and Interference, Mathematical models of Competition i.e. Hutchinson Ratio, Exponential Growth, Logistic Model, Lotka-Volterra Competition Model, Tilman's Resource Model, Results of Competition i.e. Range restriction, Competitive Displacement, Competitive Exclusion , Competitive Displacement Hypothesis, Ecological Niche, Evolution of new species, Factors Affecting Competition, Case studies
Ecology derived from two Greek word “oikos” means house, habitation or place of living & “logos” means study.
Definition: Ecology is the study of interrelationship between living organism and their physical and biological environment.
Importance
Intrinsic Value
Extinctions
What is Biodiversity?
Genetic Biodiversity
Species Biodiversity
Ecosystem Biodiversity
Ecosystem Function
Marine Biodiversity
Caribbean Diversity
Extinctions
Threats to Biodiversity
Protection & MPA’s
The aws-serverless-express library enables you to build web services with Node.js and Express and run them as AWS Lambda functions delivered through the Amazon API Gateway. This talk will step through how to use this library to develop a simple API backed by DyamoDB, and how to deploy it to AWS via CloudFormation.
Rabdomiólise Ruptura do tecido muscular que libera uma proteína nociva no san...Jmaviael Mava
Rabdomiólise é a quebra rápida de músculo esquelético devido à lesão no tecido muscular. A lesão muscular pode ser causada por fatores físicos, químicos ou biológicos...
In this presentations, structure of ecosystems, food chain, food web, ecological pyramids, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus is explained.
Trophic levels and energy variation with increasing trophic levels.food chain...Hafiz M Waseem
I AM HAFIZ MUHAMMAD WASEEM from mailsi vehari
BSc from science college Multan
MSC university of education Lahore
i love Pakistan and my teachers and my parents
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
3. Flow of energy in an ecosystem is one way
process. The sequence of organism
through which the energy flows, is known
as food chain.
What is Food Chain?
4. •In a food chain each organism obtains energy
from the one at the level below.
•Plants are called producers because they
create their own food through photosynthesis
•Animals are consumers because they cannot
create their own food, they must eat plants or
other animals to get the energy that they need.
Important facts
5. Tropic levels in a food chain
Producers
Consumers
(i) Primary consumers
(ii) Secondary consumers
(iii) Tertiary consumers
(iv) Quaternary consumers
Decomposers
6. Types of Food Chain
(i) Grazing Food Chain
•The consumers utilizing plants as their food , constitute
grazing food chain.
• This food chain begins from green plants and the
primary consumer is herbivore.
• Most of the ecosystem in nature follows this type of
food chain.
Ex: grass => grasshopper => birds => falcon
8. (ii) Detritus food chain
•This type of food chain starts from dead organic matter of
decaying animals and plant bodies to the micro-organisms
and then to detritus feeding organism and to other
predators.
•The food chain depends mainly on the influx of organic
matter produced in another system.
•The organism of the food chain includes algae, bacteria,
fungi, protozoa, insects, nematodes etc.
10. •The knowledge of food chain helps in understanding
the feeding relationship as well as the interaction
between organism and ecosystem.
•It also help in understanding the mechanism of energy
flow and circulation of matter in ecosystem.
•It also helps to understand the movement of toxic
substance and the problem associated with biological
magnification in the ecosystem.
Significance of Food Chain
11.
12. What is food web?
Food web can be defined as, "a network of food chains
which are interconnected at various tropic levels, so as
to form a number of feeding connections amongst
different organisms of a biotic community".
It is also known as consumer-resource system.
13. •A node represents an individual species, or a group of related
species or different stages of a single species.
• A link connects two nodes. Arrows represent links, and
always go from prey to predator.
• The lowest tropic level are called basal species.
• The highest tropic level are called top predators.
•Movement of nutrients is cyclic but of energy is
unidirectional and non-cyclic.
Important facts
14. Types of food web representation
• These food webs simply indicate a
feeding relationship.
TOPOLOGICAL
WEBS
• Bio-energetic webs, or flow webs,
include information on the strength of
the feeding interaction.
FLOW WEBS
• In interaction the arrows show how
one group influences another.
INTERACTION
WEB
15. • Soil food web
• Aquatic food web
• Food web in forest
• Food web of grassland
• Food web in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem
Different food webs
21. •Food webs distinguish levels of producers and consumers by
identifying and defining the importance of animal relationships
and food sources, beginning with primary producers such as
plants, insects and herbivores.
•Food webs are important tools in understanding that plants are
the foundation of all ecosystems and food chains, sustaining life
by providing nourishment and oxygen needed for survival and
reproduction.
•The food web provide stability to the ecosystem.
Significance of Food Web
22.
23. What are Ecological Pyramids?
•Ecological pyramids are
graphical representations
of the tropic structure
ecosystem.
•Tropic levels are the feeding
positions in a food chain
such as primary producers,
herbivores, primary
carnivore etc.
24. Types of Ecological Pyramid
Three types of ecological pyramids can usually be
distinguished namely:
• Pyramid of numbers
• Pyramid of biomass
• Pyramid of productivity
25. Pyramid of Numbers
•It is the graphic representation of number of
individuals per unit area of various tropic levels.
•Large number of producers tend to form the
base.
•Lower numbers of top carnivores occupy the tip
28. Evaluating pyramid of numbers
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Simple method of
giving an overview
Number of specific
species may be too great
to measure accurately
Good for comparing
changes to the ecosystem
at different times
Does not take into
account “juveniles” or
immature forms
All organisms are included
regardless of size
29. Pyramid of biomass
•It is the graphical representation of biomass present
per unit area at different tropic levels, with
producers at the base and carnivores at the top.
•Biomass is calculated as
mass of each individual X no. of individual at tropic levels
30.
31. Evaluating pyramid of biomass
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Overcomes the problems
of pyramids of number
Only uses samples for
population so difficult to
measure biomass exactly
Time of year influences
result
Organisms of same size
do not necessarily have
the same energy content
32. Pyramid of productivity
•Pyramid of productivity is a graphical
representation of the flow of energy through
each tropic level of a food chain over a fixed
time period.
•The input of solar energy may be indicated by
adding an extra to the base.
34. Evaluating pyramid of productivity
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
No inverted pyramids are
obtained
It is difficult and cumbersome
to collect energy data
Shows actual energy
transfer
Problem occurs in assigning
a species to a specific tropic
level
Can be compared different
ecosystems based on
relative energy transfer
35. Disturbances in ecosystem
• Bioaccumulation - When plants / animals take up a chemical from
the environment and do not excrete it , the chemical builds up in the
organism over time to a potentially lethal level.
• Bio magnification - Refers to the sequence of processes that results
in higher concentrations of the chemical in organisms at higher
levels in the food chain. The concentration of the chemical may not
affect lower levels of the food chain but the top levels take in so
much it can cause disease or death.
• Extinction of species – Due to decrease in population of various
species the balance of various tropic levels is disturbed as a result
some levels have more accumulation of species while others have
very less population.