The document discusses tropical levels in food chains and food webs. It explains that organisms fall into trophic levels based on their position in the energy flow through an ecosystem. Primary producers like plants and bacteria are at the base, converting solar energy into organic energy. Consumers ingest live plants or other organisms. Decomposers break down dead organisms. Food chains represent the transfer of energy through predation. Food webs are more complex networks of interconnected food chains within a community.

2. TROPICAL LEVELS: FOOD
CHAIN and FOOD WEB

3. TROPICAL LEVEL
THE BIOTIC COMPONENT THAT
COMPRISE AN ECOSYSTEM FALL INTO
ONE.
THE TROPIC LEVEL OF AN ORGANISM
IS ITS POSITION IN THE ENERGY FLOW
PYRAMID OF AN ECOSYSTEM.

4. PRIMARY PRODUCER
LIES AT THE BASE OF THE PYRAMID
PRINCIPALLY GREEN PLANTS AND
CERTEIN BACTERIA.
THEY CONVERT SOLAR ENERGY
INTO ORGANIC ENERGY.

6. CONSUMERS
ABOVE THE PRIMARY
CONSUMER
INGEST LIVE PLANTS OR
THEY PREY OTHERS.

8. DECOMPOSERS
DECOMPOSERS SUCH AS BACTERIA,
MOLDS, AND FUNGI, MAKES USE OF
ENERGY STORED IN DEAD ANIMAL
AND PLANT TISSUE.

10. FOOD CHAIN
IS A SEQUENCE OF CONSUMPTION
AND RELPRESENTS ENERGY
TRANSFER THROUGH THE
ENVIRONMENT.
EXAMPLE: PLANT-HERBIVORE-
CARNIVORE

11. Types of Food Chain
 (i) Grazing Food Chain
•The consumers utilizing plants as their food , constitute
grazing food chain.
• This food chain begins from green plants and the
primary consumer is herbivore.
• Most of the ecosystem in nature follows this type of
food chain.
 Ex: grass => grasshopper => birds => falcon

13. (ii) Detritus food chain
•This type of food chain starts from dead organic matter of
decaying animals and plant bodies to the micro-organisms
and then to detritus feeding organism and to other
predators.
•The food chain depends mainly on the influx of organic
matter produced in another system.
•The organism of the food chain includes algae, bacteria,
fungi, protozoa, insects, nematodes etc.

15. Detritus
Food
Chain

16. •The knowledge of food chain helps in understanding the feeding
relationship as well as the interaction between organism and
ecosystem.
•It also help in understanding the mechanism of energy flow and
circulation of matter in ecosystem.
•It also helps to understand the movement of toxic substance and the
problem associated with biological magnification in the ecosystem.
Significance of Food
Chain

18. What is food web?
Food web can be defined as, "a network of food chains
which are interconnected at various tropic levels, so as
to form a number of feeding connections amongst
different organisms of a biotic community".
It is also known as consumer-resource system.

19. FOOD WEB
IS A COMPLICATED SYSTEM OF
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PLANTS,
ANIMALS, AND ENERGY.
ACTUALLY MADE UP OF SMALLER FOOD
CHAINS WHICH ARE INTERCONNETED.

20. •Soil food web
•Aquatic food web
•Food web in forest
•Food web of grassland
•Food web in terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystem
Different food webs

21. Food web in terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystem