Salts are ionic compounds formed when a metal ion replaces a hydrogen ion from an acid. Common examples include sodium chloride, copper(II) sulfate, and potassium nitrate. Salts are classified based on the anion present, such as sulfates, chlorides, and nitrates. The solubility of salts depends on the specific metal and non-metal ions present, with most salts being soluble except for certain sulfates, chlorides, and carbonates.

1. SALT
•Salts are ionic compounds formed when
hydrogen ion from acid is replaced with
metal ion or ammonium ion
Example of salt : sodium chloride,
copper(II) sulphate and potassium nitrate.

2. metalmetal
ionsions
Sulphate saltSulphate salt
(H(H22SOSO44))
Chloride saltChloride salt
(HCl)(HCl)
Nitrate saltNitrate salt
(HNO(HNO33))
Carbonate saltCarbonate salt
(H(H22COCO33))
NaNa++
KK++
MgMg2+2+
CaCa2+2+
AlAl3+3+
ZnZn2+2+
FeFe2+2+
PbPb2+2+
CuCu2+2+
AgAg++
NHNH44
++
BaBa2+2+

3. MetalMetal
ionion
Sulphate saltSulphate salt
(H(H22SOSO44))
Chloride saltChloride salt
(HCl)(HCl)
Nitrate saltNitrate salt
(HNO(HNO33))
Carbonate saltCarbonate salt
(H(H22COCO33))
NaNa++
NaNa22SOSO44 NaClNaCl NaNONaNO33 NaNa22COCO33
KK++
KK22SOSO44 KClKCl KNOKNO33 KK22COCO33
MgMg2+2+
MgSOMgSO44 MgClMgCl22 Mg(NOMg(NO33))22 MgCOMgCO33
CaCa2+2+
CaSOCaSO44 CaClCaCl22 Ca(NOCa(NO33))22 CaCOCaCO33
AlAl3+3+
AlAl22 (SO(SO44 ))33 AlClAlCl33 AlAl22(NO(NO33))33 AlAl22(CO(CO33))33
ZnZn2+2+
ZnSOZnSO44 ZnClZnCl22 Zn(NOZn(NO33))22 ZnCOZnCO33
FeFe2+2+
FeSOFeSO44 FeClFeCl22 Fe(NOFe(NO33))22 FeCOFeCO33
PbPb2+2+
PbSOPbSO44 PbClPbCl22 Pb(NOPb(NO33))22 PbCOPbCO33
CuCu2+2+
CuSOCuSO44 CuClCuCl22 Cu(NOCu(NO33))22 CuCOCuCO33
AgAg++
AgAg22SOSO44 AgClAgCl AgNOAgNO33 AgAg22COCO33
NHNH44
++
(NH(NH44))22SOSO44 NHNH44ClCl NHNH44NONO33 (NH(NH44)) 22COCO33
BaBa2+2+
BaSOBaSO44 BaClBaCl22 Ba(NOBa(NO33))22 BaCOBaCO33

4. MetalMetal
ionion
Sulphate saltSulphate salt
(H(H22SOSO44))
Chloride saltChloride salt
(HCl)(HCl)
Nitrate saltNitrate salt
(HNO(HNO33))
Carbonate saltCarbonate salt
(H(H22COCO33))
NaNa++
Sodium sulphateSodium sulphate Sodium chlorideSodium chloride Sodium nitrateSodium nitrate Sodium carbonateSodium carbonate
KK++
Potassium sulphatePotassium sulphate PotassiumPotassium
chloridechloride
PotassiumPotassium nitratenitrate PotassiumPotassium
carbonatecarbonate
MgMg2+2+
Magnesium sulphateMagnesium sulphate MagnesiumMagnesium
chloridechloride
MagnesiumMagnesium nitratenitrate MagnesiumMagnesium
carbonatecarbonate
CaCa2+2+
Calcium sulphateCalcium sulphate CalciumCalcium chloridechloride calciumcalcium nitratenitrate CalciumCalcium carbonatecarbonate
AlAl3+3+
Aluminium sulphateAluminium sulphate AluminiumAluminium
chloridechloride
AluminiumAluminium nitratenitrate AluminiumAluminium
carbonatecarbonate
ZnZn2+2+
Zinc sulphateZinc sulphate ZincZinc chloridechloride ZincZinc nitratenitrate ZincZinc carbonatecarbonate
FeFe2+2+
Ferum (II) sulphateFerum (II) sulphate Ferum (ll)Ferum (ll) chloridechloride Ferum (ll)Ferum (ll) nitratenitrate Ferum (ll)Ferum (ll) carbonatecarbonate
PbPb2+2+
Lead (II) sulphateLead (II) sulphate lead (ll)lead (ll) kloridaklorida lead (ll)lead (ll) nitratenitrate lead (ll)lead (ll) carbonatecarbonate
CuCu2+2+
copper (ll) sulphatecopper (ll) sulphate copper (ll)copper (ll)
chloridechloride
copper (ll)copper (ll) nitratenitrate copper (ll)copper (ll)
carbonatecarbonate
AgAg++
Argentum sulfatArgentum sulfat ArgentumArgentum
chloridechloride
ArgentumArgentum nitratenitrate ArgentumArgentum
carbonatecarbonate
NHNH44
++
Ammonium sulphateAmmonium sulphate AmmoniumAmmonium
chloridechloride
AmmoniumAmmonium nitratenitrate AmmoniumAmmonium
carbonatecarbonate
BaBa2+2+
Barium sulphateBarium sulphate BariumBarium chloridechloride BariumBarium nitratenitrate BariumBarium carbonatecarbonate

5. SOLUBILITY OF SALT
• All K+
, Na+
and NH4
+
salts are soluble.
• All nitrate salts are soluble.
• All carbonate salts are not soluble except K2
CO3
,
Na2
CO3
and (NH4
)2
CO3
.
• All sulphate salts are soluble except CaSO4
, PbSO4
and BaSO4
. (S-PCB)
• All chloride salts are soluble except PbCl2
, AgCl
and HgCl2 (C-PAH)

6. Ion logamIon logam Sulphate saltSulphate salt
(From H(From H22SOSO44))
Chloride saltChloride salt
(From HCl)(From HCl)
Niitrate saltNiitrate salt
(From HNO(From HNO33))
Carbonate saltCarbonate salt
(From H(From H22COCO33))
NaNa++
Sodium sulphateSodium sulphate Sodium chlorideSodium chloride Sodium nitrateSodium nitrate Sodium carbonateSodium carbonate
KK++
Potassium sulphatePotassium sulphate PotassiumPotassium
chloridechloride
Potassium nitratePotassium nitrate PotassiumPotassium
carbonatecarbonate
MgMg2+2+
MagnesiumMagnesium
sulphatesulphate
MagnesiumMagnesium
chloridechloride
MagnesiumMagnesium
nitratenitrate
MagnesiumMagnesium
carbonatecarbonate
CaCa2+2+
Calcium sulphateCalcium sulphate Calcium chlorideCalcium chloride CalciumCalcium nitratenitrate Calcium carbonateCalcium carbonate
AlAl3+3+
AluminiumAluminium
sulphatesulphate
AluminiumAluminium
chloridechloride
AluminiumAluminium
nitratenitrate
AluminiumAluminium
carbonatecarbonate
ZnZn2+2+
Zinc sulphateZinc sulphate Zinc chlorideZinc chloride Zinc nitrateZinc nitrate ZincZinc carbonatecarbonate
FeFe2+2+
Iron(ll) sulphateIron(ll) sulphate Iron(ll) chlorideIron(ll) chloride Iron(ll) nitrateIron(ll) nitrate Iron(ll) carbonateIron(ll) carbonate
PbPb2+2+
Lead (ll)Lead (ll) sulphatesulphate Lead(ll) chlorideLead(ll) chloride LeadLead(ll) nitrate(ll) nitrate Lead(ll) carbonateLead(ll) carbonate
CuCu2+2+
Copper (ll) sulphateCopper (ll) sulphate Copper(ll)Copper(ll)
chloridechloride
Copper(ll) nitrateCopper(ll) nitrate CopperCopper(ll)(ll)
carbonatecarbonate
AgAg++
Silver sulphateSilver sulphate Silver chlorideSilver chloride Silver nitrateSilver nitrate Silver carbonateSilver carbonate
NHNH44
++
AmmoniumAmmonium
sulphatesulphate
AmmoniumAmmonium
chloridechloride
AmmoniumAmmonium
nitratenitrate
AmmoniumAmmonium
carbonatecarbonate
BaBa2+2+
BariumBarium sulphatesulphate Barium chlorideBarium chloride Barium nitrateBarium nitrate Barium carbonateBarium carbonate

7. MetalMetal
ionion
Sulfate saltSulfate salt
(H(H22SOSO44))
Chloride saltChloride salt
(HCl)(HCl)
Nitrate saltNitrate salt
(HNO(HNO33))
Carbonate saltCarbonate salt
(H(H22COCO33))
NaNa++
NaNa22SOSO44 NaClNaCl NaNONaNO33 NaNa22COCO33
KK++
KK22SOSO44 KClKCl KNOKNO33 KK22COCO33
MgMg2+2+
MgSOMgSO44 MgClMgCl22 Mg(NOMg(NO33))22 MgCOMgCO33
CaCa2+2+
CaSOCaSO44 CaClCaCl22 Ca(NOCa(NO33))22 CaCOCaCO33
AlAl3+3+
AlAl22 (SO(SO44 ))33 AlClAlCl33 AlAl22(NO(NO33))33 AlAl22(CO(CO33))33
ZnZn2+2+
ZnSOZnSO44 ZnClZnCl22 Zn(NOZn(NO33))22 ZnCOZnCO33
FeFe2+2+
FeSOFeSO44 FeClFeCl22 Fe(NOFe(NO33))22 FeCOFeCO33
PbPb2+2+
PbSOPbSO44 PbClPbCl22 Pb(NOPb(NO33))22 PbCOPbCO33
CuCu2+2+
CuSOCuSO44 CuClCuCl22 Cu(NOCu(NO33))22 CuCOCuCO33
AgAg++
AgAg22SOSO44 AgClAgCl AgNOAgNO33 AgAg22COCO33
NHNH44
++
(NH(NH44))22SOSO44 NHNH44ClCl NHNH44NONO33 (NH(NH44)) 22COCO33
BaBa2+2+
BaSOBaSO44 BaClBaCl22 Ba(NOBa(NO33))22 BaCOBaCO33