The document covers the properties and reactions of acids, bases, and salts, detailing how acids produce hydrogen ions in water, taste sour, and turn blue litmus red. It lists various reactions between acids and metals, carbonates, and bicarbonates, along with the characteristics of bases that are bitter and turn red litmus blue. The document also explains the role of indicators in identifying acids and bases, mentioning natural and synthetic indicators.

1. Acids Bases
&
Salts

2. CONTENTS
01 02
Introduction Acids

3. PART 01
Introductio
n

4. Introduction
Acids Bases Salts

5. PART 02
Acids

6. Acids
Acids is defined as the one which produces
hydrogen ions in water. For Example, Sulphuric
Acid, Hydrochloric Acid etc.
They give sour taste.
Acids turn blue litmus to red. This is used as
confirmation test for the presence of acid.
When acids react with metals, gases are
evolved.

7. Reactions with Acids
1. Reaction of Acid with Metal
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
Mg + H2 SO4 → H2 + Mg SO4
2. Reaction of Acid with Carbonates
Na2 CO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
3. Reaction of Acid with Bicarbonates
NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Acids
These are the substances which have
sour taste.
• They turn blue litmus solution red.
• They give H+
ions in aqueous solution.
• The term ‘acid’ has been derived
from the Latin word, acidus, which
means
sour.

8. Reactions with Acids
1. Reaction of Acid with Metal
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
Mg + H2 SO4 → H2 + Mg SO4
2. Reaction of Acid with Carbonates
Na2 CO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
3. Reaction of Acid with Bicarbonates
NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Acids

9. Reactions with Acids
1. Reaction of Acid with Metal
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
Mg + H2 SO4 → H2 + Mg SO4
2. Reaction of Acid with Carbonates
Na2 CO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
3. Reaction of Acid with Bicarbonates
NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
BASES :
• These are the substances which are
bitter in taste and soapy in touch.
• They turn red litmus solution blue.
• They give OH−
ions in aqueous solution.

10. Reactions with Acids
1. Reaction of Acid with Metal
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
Mg + H2 SO4 → H2 + Mg SO4
2. Reaction of Acid with Carbonates
Na2 CO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
3. Reaction of Acid with Bicarbonates
NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Strong Bases : NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH) 2
Weak Bases : NH4OH
Alkalis : These are bases which are soluble
in water [NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH) 2].

11. Reactions with Acids
1. Reaction of Acid with Metal
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
Mg + H2 SO4 → H2 + Mg SO4
2. Reaction of Acid with Carbonates
Na2 CO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
3. Reaction of Acid with Bicarbonates
NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
SALTS :
These are the compounds formed from
reaction of acid and base
Example :
INDICATORS :
NaCl, KCl.

12. Reactions with Acids
1. Reaction of Acid with Metal
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
Mg + H2 SO4 → H2 + Mg SO4
2. Reaction of Acid with Carbonates
Na2 CO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
3. Reaction of Acid with Bicarbonates
NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
INDICATORS :
These are the substances which change their
colour/smell in different types of
substances.
TYPES OF INDICATORS
Natural indicators
Synthetic
indicators
Olfactory

13. Reactions with Acids
1. Reaction of Acid with Metal
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
Mg + H2 SO4 → H2 + Mg SO4
2. Reaction of Acid with Carbonates
Na2 CO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
3. Reaction of Acid with Bicarbonates
NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Natural indicators
— Found in nature
in plants. substances.
Litmus, red
cabbage leaves phenolphthalein
extract, flowers
of hydrangea
plant, turmeric

14. Reactions with Acids
1. Reaction of Acid with Metal
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
Mg + H2 SO4 → H2 + Mg SO4
2. Reaction of Acid with Carbonates
Na2 CO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
3. Reaction of Acid with Bicarbonates
NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
INDICATORS :
These are the substances which change their
colour/smell in different types of
substances.
TYPES OF INDICATORS
Natural indicators
Synthetic
indicators
Olfactory

15. Reactions with Acids
1. Reaction of Acid with Metal
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
Mg + H2 SO4 → H2 + Mg SO4
2. Reaction of Acid with Carbonates
Na2 CO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
3. Reaction of Acid with Bicarbonates
NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
INDICATORS :
These are the substances which change their
colour/smell in different types of
substances.
TYPES OF INDICATORS
Natural indicators
Synthetic
indicators
Olfactory

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17. PART 03

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