The document discusses the definition, solubility, and preparation methods of salts. It explains how salts are formed through the replacement of hydrogen ions from acids with metal or ammonium ions, and details various types of soluble and insoluble salts. Additionally, it describes different methods for preparing salts, including neutralization reactions and double decomposition.

1. SALTS XYLENE AR

2. 1) MEANING OF SALTS
2) SOLUBILITY OF
SALTS
3) PREPARATION OF
SALTS
Xylene AR

3. THE MEANING OF SALTS
Salts is a compound produced when the
hydrogen ion, H+, from an acid is replaced
by a metal ion or an ammonium ion, NH4
+
SALTS = IONIC COMPOUND

4. HOW HYDROGEN ION IS REPLACED?
KOH
K+
OH -
H +
Cl -
K+
Cl - OH -
H2O
H +
HCl KCl
+  +
H +

5. HOW HYDROGEN ION IS REPLACED??
NH4OH
NH4
+
OH - H +
NO3
-
OH -
H2O
H +
HNO3 NH4NO3
+  +
NH4
+
NO3
-
H +

6. HOW HYDROGEN ION IS REPLACED??
NaOH
Na+
OH -
H +
SO4
2- OH -
H2O
H+
H2SO4 Na2SO4
+  +
SO4
2-
Na+
Na – 1
OH – 1
H – 2
SO4– 1
Na – 2
SO4– 1
H – 2
OH– 1

7. HOW HYDROGEN ION IS REPLACED?
NaOH
Na+
OH -
H +
SO4
2-
OH -
H2O
H+
H2SO4 Na2SO4
+  +
SO4
2-
2
2H+
Na+
2
2

8. SOLUBILITY OF SALTS
Type of salts Soluble Insoluble
Nitrate All nitrate salts None
Sulphate All sulphate salts PbSO4, CaSO4, BaSO4
Chloride All chloride salts PbCl2, AgCl, HgCl2
Carbonate
Na2CO3, (NH4)2CO3,
K2CO3
All carbonate salts

9. Neutralisation
PREPARATION
OF
SALTS
SOLUBLE
INSOLUBLE
Sodium salts
Ammonium salts
Potassium salts
Acid + Alkali  Salt + Water
Other type
of salts
Acid + etal  salt + H2
Acid + metal xide  Salt + water
Acid + metal arbonate  Salt + water + CO2
Double Decomposition
ACID +
Solution 1 + Solution 2  Precipitation (insoluble salt) + Solution 3

10. PREPARATION
OF
SALTS
Soluble salts Sodium salts
Ammonium salts
Potassium salts
Acid + Alkali  Salt + Water
Neutralisation
HNO3 + KOH  KNO3 + H2O
HNO3 + NaOH  NaNO3 + H2O
HNO3 + NH4OH  NH4NO3 + H2O
Substitute HNO3 with
HCl and H2SO4
Acid
Burette
Alkali
Retort stand
Conical flask

11. PREPARATION
OF
SALTS Soluble
salts
Other type of
salts
Acid + metal  salt + H2
Acid + metal oxide  salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate  Salt + water + CO2
HCl + MgCO3  MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
HCl + Mg  MgCl2 + H2
HCl + MgO  MgCl2 + H2O
Heat

12. PREPARATION
OF
SALTS Insoluble salt Double decomposition
Solution 1 + Solution 2  Precipitation (insoluble salt) + Solution 3
Salts can be prepared by double decomposition method:
1) PbSO4 4) PbCl2 7) other carbonate salts
2) CaSO4 5) AgCl
3) BaSO4 6) HgCl
PbI2 + K2SO4  PbSO4 + 2KI
PbI2
K2SO4
PbSO4
KI

13. PREPARATION OF SALTS
Soluble salts Insoluble salts
Salt of Na, K and NH4
Other salts
Titration
Heat the solution until become saturated/ become 1/3 of initial volume
Cool the saturated solution to form the crystal
Filter the salt crystal
Rinse the salt crystal
Dry the salt crystal between the filter paper
Heat the acid + pour excess of metal
carbonate / metal oxide/ metal
Filter the excess metal carbonate/
metal oxide/ metal
Pour two solutions
into a beaker
Salt solution is prepared
Salt solution is prepared