This document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel. It defines biodiesel as a renewable, biodegradable fuel made from vegetable oils or animal fats that can be used in diesel engines. Biodiesel is produced through a chemical process called transesterification where the glycerin is separated from the fat or vegetable oil. It can be blended with petroleum diesel at various levels from B5 to B100. Biodiesel provides benefits like reduced emissions, domestic production, and it can help decrease dependence on foreign oil. Some disadvantages are it has lower energy content and can degrade rubber or gel in cold weather. The document examines the performance and emissions effects of biodiesel use in diesel engines.

1. Submitted toMr.Hari Singh
Submitted bySAGAR PACHAURI
SGVU091113227

2. INTRODUCTION
Today, Automobile industries are focusing on global
warming and saving non-renewable sources.
 Bio diesel is one of the best solution of above mentioned
problems.
 Since it is a renewable energy, produce less emission
and it is successfully implemented on existing systems
(cars).

3. What is Biodiesel?
Biodiesel:
 An low-emissions, high lubricating alternative diesel
fuel produced from veg.oil / animal fats
 Non-toxic, Biodegradable
 Can be combined at any level with petroleum diesel to
fuel diesel engines.

4. Oil or Fat

Soyabean
Alcohol
Methanol(common)

Corn
Ethanol

Canola

Cottonseed
Catalyst

Sunflower
Sodium hydroxide

Beef tallow
Potassium hydroxide

Used Cooking Oil

5. Convert “3-headed” Oils into Hydrocarbons chains similar to
petroleum diesel…
=
+
Veg. Oil (soya oil),
Three fatty acid chains
attached to glycerol.
Methanol
3(CH3OH)
+
Typical
“Biodiesel”
Methyl-Ester
Cetane – typical of petro-diesel
Byproduct:
Glycerol aka
Glycerine

6. Biodiesel Blends
Biodiesel
Petroleum diesel
B100 = 100% biodiesel
B20 = 20% biodiesel + 80%
B100
B20
petroleum diesel
B10 = 10% biodiesel + 90%
petroleum diesel
B5 = 5% biodiesel + 95%
petroleum diesel
B2 = 2% biodiesel + 98%
petroleum diesel
B10
B5
B2
0
50
100

7.  High Cetane no. (avg. over 50)
 High Lubricity, even in blends as low at 1-2%
 High Energy Balance (3.2 to 1)
 Low Agriculture Inputs: Soybeans
 78% Life Cycle CO2 Reduction
 Renewable, Sustainable
 Domestically Produced
 Reduces HC, PM, CO in existing diesel engines
 Reduces NOx in boilers and home heating

8. Bio diesel is environmental friendly.
It can help reduce dependency on foreign oil.
It helps to lubricate the engine itself, decreasing engine
wear.
It offers similar power to diesel fuel.
It is safer than conventional diesel.
It can be made from waste products.
It can be made at home easily.

9. Its storage for long period is not suitable for engine
operation.
It becomes gel in cold weather.
It has water content. (Hygroscopic)
It degrades rubber.
It has higher (10%) Nox emissions.
It decreases horsepower. (25%)

10. B100 = 100% Biodiesel
B20 = 20% BD + 80% PD
B100
Electric
Diesel Hybrid
B20
Ethanol 85%
Diesel
LPG
CNG
Gasoline
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160

12. Effect of biodiesel on engine performance
Power performance:Contents of Biodiesel
Fuel
• B-100
• B-20
• B-0
P.P.
(Due to lower heating value)
100%
Properties of Biodiesel
P.P.
• Heating Value
• Viscosity
• Lubricity

13. Durability Performance:Fuel
• B-100
• B-20
• B-0
Durability
(It is reactive in nature)
100%
Economy Performance:• In order to compensate loss of heating value more amount of
biodiesel fuel consumption takes place.
• The difference in fuel consumption of diesel & pure BD was 18.5%
in mass & was reduced to 13.5% by volume because of higher
density of BD.

14. Biodiesel is least-cost-strategy to comply with state and
federal regulations.
Use of biodiesel does not require major engine
modifications. The only thing that changes is air quality.
Biodiesel has positive attributes such as increased
cetane, high fuel lubricity & high oxygen content.

15. 




Biodiesel contains fewer aromatic hydrocarbon:
benzofluoranthene: 56 % reduction; Benzopyrenes: 71 %
reduction .
Biodiesel reduces emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) by
approximately 50 % and carbon dioxide by 78 % on a net
lifecycle basis.
Biodiesel is biodegradable and non-toxic posing no threat to
human health.
Biodiesel reduces by as much as 65 % the emission of small
particles of solid combustion products.
Biodiesel has higher cetane rating than petro diesel .

16.  The use of biodiesel in a conventional diesel engine results in
substantial reduction of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon
monoxide, and particulate matter compared to emissions
from diesel fuel.
 The ozone (smog) forming potentials of hydrocarbons is less
than diesel fuel.
 Sulfur emissions are essentially eliminated with pure
biodiesel .

17.  Parameter will studied :• Different vegetable oils used as fuel in C.I.Engine.
 Required equipment's:• Engine test ring
• Gas analyzer
• Temp indicator
• Techo meter
• Pressure sensors
• Computer
 To calculate:• Brake Thermal Efficiency
• Brake specific fuel consumption
• Thermal efficiency
• Mechanical efficiency

18.  Graboski MS,McCormick RL. Combustion of fat and vegetable oil
derived fuels in diesel engines.
 Lapuerta M, Armas O, Rodriguez-Fernandez J. Effect of biodiesel
fuels on diesel engine emissions.
 Basha SA, Raja Gopal K, Jebaraj S. A review on biodiesel
production, combustion, emissions and performance.
 Aydin H, Bayindir H. Performance and emission analysis of
cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine.
 Hazar H. Effects of biodiesel on a low heat loss diesel engine.
 Andree, A. & Pachernegg, S.J. (1969) Ignition conditions in diesel
engines. Society of Automotive Engineering Transaction
 Babu, A.K. & Devaradjane, G. (2003) Vegetable oils and their
derivatives as fuels for CI engine