Fossil fuels will soon be exhausted. If we had replenish fuel sources, what direction should we go in? Electric cars Solar power Wind power THE FUEL OF FUTURE -BIO DIESEL WHAT IS BIO-DIESEL? Diesel fuel substitute produced from renewable sources. It is manufactured from animal or vegetable fats and has physical properties very similar to petroleum diesel fuel. It is non-toxic and biodegradable. It can be combined with petroleum diesel at any level. RUDOLF DIESEL SAYS- "The use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become in course of time as important as petroleum and the coal tar products of the present time." WHY BIO-DIESEL? Biodiesel reduces carbon dioxide exhaust emissions up to 80%. Biodiesel produces 100% less SOx than petroleum. Biodiesel reduces exhaust smoke (particulates) emissions up to 75%. The smell of the biodiesel exhaust is far more pleasant.

1. INTRODUCTION
• Fossil fuels will soon be exhausted.
• If we had replenish fuel sources, what direction should we go
in?
Electric cars
Solar power
Wind power
(OR)

2. BIO DIESEL
T H E F U E L O F F U T U R E
P R E S E N T E D B Y
S K . P O U L U B A B U , S . B A L A J I
K I T S E N G G C O L L E G E , G U N T U R .

3. WHAT IS BIODIESEL ?
• Diesel fuel substitute produced from renewable sources.
• It is manufactured from animal or vegetable fats and has physical
properties very similar to petroleum diesel fuel.
• It is non-toxic and biodegradable.
• It can be combined with petroleum diesel at any level.

4. DR RUDOLF DIESEL
(1858 – 1913)
“The use of vegetable
oils for engine fuels
may seem insignificant
today. But such oils
may become in course
of time as important as
petroleum and the
coal tar products of
the present time."

5. WHY BIO-DIESEL ?
• Biodiesel reduces carbon dioxide exhaust emissions up to 80%.
• Biodiesel produces 100% less SOx than petroleum.
• Biodiesel reduces exhaust smoke (particulates) emissions up to 75%.
• The smell of the biodiesel exhaust is far more pleasant.

6. BIO DIESEL PRODUCTION
• Four main production methods
Direct use and blending
Micro emulsions
Thermal cracking
Transesterification
• The most common production method is
TRANSESTERIFICATION.
• It uses vegetable oils and animal fats as feed stocks
• The reaction of a fat or oil with an alcohol to form esters
(biodiesel) and glycerol.

7. TRANSESTERIFICATION
 Transesterification is a chemical reaction where triglyceride
is reacted with alcohol in the presence of catalyst to produce
alkyl esters.
 Every 100 gallons of oil produces about 100 gallons of
biodiesel and 10 gallons of glycerol SEPERATION OF BY PRODUCT

8. TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS
PURIFICATION OF BIO DIESEL
WASHING AND DRYING

9. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
– Biodiesel reduces emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) by
approximately 50% and carbon dioxide by 78% on a net lifecycle
basis.
– Biodiesel reduces the emission of small particles of solid
combustion products by 65%.
– Biodiesel has higher cetane rating than Petro diesel .

10. EMISSIONS
 The use of biodiesel in a conventional diesel engine
results in substantial reduction of unburned
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter
compared to emissions from diesel fuel.
 The ozone (smog) forming potentials of hydrocarbons is
less than diesel fuel.
 Sulphur emissions are essentially eliminated with pure
biodiesel .

11. INDIAN INITIATIVES
• The former president of India, Dr. Abdul Kalam, is one of the
strong advocators of jatropha cultivation for production of
bio-diesel.
• National mission on biodiesel has been launched by Govt.of
India.
• State governments designated special authorities/bodies to
manage
• Government institutes are working on technology and
promotion

12. ADVANTAGES
• Bio diesel is environmental friendly.
• It can help reduce dependency on foreign oil.
• It helps to lubricate the engine itself, decreasing engine wear.
• It offers similar power to diesel fuel.
• It is safer than conventional diesel.
• It can be made from waste products.
• It can be made at home easily.

13. DISADVANTAGES
Its storage for long period is not suitable for engine operation.
It becomes gel in cold weather.
It has water content(hygroscopic).
It degrades rubber hoses.
It decreases horsepower(25%).

14. PROBLEM AREAS
• BIODIESEL HAS STRONG SOLVENT PROPERTIES
– Natural rubber and soft plastics especially vulnerable
– Problem substantially reduced for the B20 blend
– The only hose and gasket material that is truly resistant to biodiesel is
Viton
• BIODIESEL BLENDS > 30%
– Free fatty acids formed during combustion can harm the fuel injection
pumps
• LOW TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE CAN BE A PROBLEM
– The pour point of the ester is higher
• EMISSION OF N0X MAY BE HIGHER

15. CONCLUSION
 Biodiesel is eco-friendly.
 Biodiesel is clean burning alternative fuel.
 Biodiesel contain no petroleum, but can be blended with conventional
diesel fuel.
 These fuel can be used in any diesel engine without any modification.
 Biodiesel is biodegradable , non toxic and free from Sulphur and lead.