rpd classification final / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental Education
www.indiandentalacademy.com

CONTENTS
• Introduction.
• Need for classification.
• Requirements of classification.
• Different systems of classification.
• Conclusion.
• References .

Introduction
The primary purpose of creating a classification
system for partially edentulous arches is to enable the dentist
to clearly communicate to a listener or reader , the condition
of oral cavity in which missing teeth are to be replaced with
a prosthesis.
It would be helpful to classify partial
edentulous arches that share common attributes,
characteristics, and qualities.

A design that functions sucessfully for prosthesis of
a given classification, in many instances, can be used with
only slight modification for another prosthesis of same class

It has been estimated that there are over 65,000
possible combination of teeth and edentulous spaces in
opposing arches.
Several classifications have been proposed and in use
but a method which best classifies all possible configuration is
still not achieved.

NEED FOR CLASSIFICATION
1. To formulate a good treatment plan.
2. To anticipate the difficulties commonly to occur for particular
design.
3. To communicate with professionals.
4. To design the prosthesis according to occlusal load usually
expected for a particular group.

REQUIREMENTS OF CLASSIFICATION
Classification should satisfy these norms for acceptance :
1. Allow visualization of the type of partially edentulous arch
being considered.
2. Permit differentiation between tooth supported and tooth
tissue supported partial dentures.
3. Serve as a guide to the type of design to be used.
4. Be universally accepted.

EVOLUTION OF DIFFERENT
SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION

CLASSIFICATIONS
• A number of classifications have put forward some have been
over simplified and others are immensely complex.
• One simple system classifies the prosthesis according to the
type of support they receive from dental arch.
Soft tissue supported.
Tooth supported .
Tooth tissue supported.

Soft tissue supportedTooth supported .
Tooth tissue supportedwww.indiandentalacademy.com

Demerits
 There are many possible variations of tooth tissue
supported partial denture that is simplified and this does
not adequately describe the design that must be
considered.
 Therefore this system is not suited for general use in
discussing ,identifying or planning the prosthesis.

CUMMERS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
1920
 This was the first recognized classification by the professional.
 He stated that there are 65,534 possible combinations of teeth
present and missing in the dental arch
 He based on the number and position of the direct retainer.

Class 1- Diagonal : Partially edentulous arch in which two
diagonally opposite teeth are chosen as abutment teeth for
attachment of the direct retainers with an indirect retainer as
an auxillary attachment.

Class 2- Diametric : Partially edentulous arch in which two
diametric opposite teeth are chosen as abutment teeth for the
attachment of the direct retainer.

Class 3 – Unilateral :A partially edentulous arch in which one
or more teeth on same side are chosen as abutment for the
attachment of the direct retainer.

Class 4 – Multilateral ; A partially edentulous arch in which
two or more teeth are chosen as abutment for the attachment of
the direct retainer

KENNEDY’S CLASSIFICATION
Kennedys classification makes it possible to place
any partially edentulous arch into one of four groups with few
subdivisions under each group

CLASS I
Class I - Bilateral edentulous areas located posterior to the
natural teeth.

CLASS II
Class II - A unilateral edentulous area located posterior to
the remaining natural teeth.

CLASS III
Class III – A unilateral edentulous area with natural teeth
remaining both anterior and posterior to it.

CLASS IV
Class IV – A single, but bilateral (crossing the midline), edentulous
area located anterior to the remaining natural teeth.

Dr. O.C. Applegate –1960
attempted to expand the kennedy classification by adding
classes v and vi

Applegate –kennedys system
• Classified partially edentulous arches based on
kennedys classification.
• Any teeth require extraction it should be done prior to
classification.

• Applegate has given 8 rules as follows -
• Rule 1- Classification should follow rather than precede
extractions that might alter the original classification
• Rule 2- If III molar is missing and not to be replaced ,it is not
considered in the classification.

• Rule 3- If III molar is present and is to be used as abutment it
is considered in the classification.

Rule 4- If II molar is missing and not to be
replaced it is not considered in the classification

• Rule 5 -The most posterior edentulous area or areas determine
the classification.

Rule 6 –Edentulous areas other than those determining the
classification are referred to as modification spaces and are
designated by their number.

Rule 7 – The extent of modification is not considered only the
number of additional edentulous areas.

Rule 8- There can be no modification areas in class iv arches
Any edentulous area lying posterior to single bilateral area
determine the classification

BAILYN CLASSIFICATION -1928
Bailyn system introduced a classification based on
whether the prosthesis is tooth borne ,tissueborne and
combination of the two that is based on support.

Bailyns classification was the first to emphasize on the
importance of support of partial dentures by remaining
tissues
Bailyn divided all removable partial dentures into
anterior restoration and posterior restoration using the letters
A and P.

Class 1- Bounded saddle (not more than three teeth missing).
Class 2-Free end saddle (there is no distal abutment).
Class 3 –Bounded saddle (more than 3 teeth missing).

A1P2 P1P2 A1P2P3

NEUROHR’S CLASSIFICATION -1939
This system was classified according to the type of support
available , but the system was complex and not commonly
used.
Many of the denture designs did not match the principles of
classification.
Class 1 –Tooth bearing.
Class 2 –Tooth and tissue bearing.
Class 3 –Tissue bearing complete denture.

Class 1 - Tooth bearing
Unilateral or bilateral case falls under the
above classification when there are teeth posterior to all
spans and when there are no more than four teeth missing in
any space.
There are two possible variation:

Variation 1- Missing posteriors predominate.
A) Posteriors missing anteriors in place .
B) Posteriors missing some anteriors missing

Variation 2 - Missing anteriors predominate.
A) anteriors missing posteriors present.
B)anteriors missing some posteriors
missing

Class 2- Tooth and tissue bearing.
• Unilateral or bilateral case falls under the above classification
when there are no teeth posterior to one or more spans or when
there are more than 4 teeth missing in one or more spans
(which includes canine).
• Class 2 -subdivided into divisions with variations.

Division 1- When there are no teeth posterior to one or more
spans.
Variation 1 -Missing posteriors predominate.
a)Posteriors missing anteriors in place.
b)Posteriors missing and some anteriors missing

Variation 2- Missing anteriors predominate.
Anteriors missing some posteriors missing

Division 2 -When there are teeth posterior in all spans ,but
when there are more than 4 teeth missing including canine in
one or more spans
Division 2 has two possible variations-

Variation 1- Missing posteriors predominate.
Posteriors missing some anteriors missing.

Variation 2- Missing anteriors predominate.
a) Anteriors missing posteriors in place bilaterally.
b)Anteriors missing some posteriors missing

Class 3-Tissue bearing complete dentures.
The complexity of any neurohrs classification is obvious and
seldom used.

Mauks Classification -1942
• Mauk proposed a classification based on number ,length
and position of the edentulous spaces and the number and
position of the remaining teeth.
According to this classification;

• Class1 –Bilateral space with no teeth posterior to space.
• Class2 – Bilateral space with teeth posterior to one space.

Class 3 – Bilateral space with teeth posterior to both space
Class 4 – Unilateral space with no teeth posterior to it .

Class 5 – Anterior space with unbroken posterior arches on
both sides.
Class 6 - Irregular spaces around the arch ,the remaining
teeth may be single or in groups.

Wilds Classification - 1949
Wild proposed a simple but self explanatory classification
little known in the English dental literature.
Class 1 –Interruption of dental arches (bounded) .
Class 2 - Shortening of dental arches (free end).
Class 3 – Combination of 1 and 2 .

Godfreys Classification- 1949
It is based on location and size of the edentulous
spaces.The specialty feature of this classification is that the
main classes have no subdivisions or modifications.

Class A –Tooth borne denture base in the anterior part of the
mouth . It may be unbroken five tooth space , broken five
tooth space or unbroken four tooth space.
Class B – Mucosa borne denture base in the anterior region. It
may be an unbroken six tooth space ,an unbroken five tooth
space or a broken five tooth space .

Class C - Tooth borne denture base in the posterior part of the mouth
.It may be an unbroken three tooth space , broken three tooth space ,
an unbroken two tooth space or broken two tooth space.
Class D – Mucosa borne denture base in the posterior region.It may
be an unbroken four tooth ,three tooth ,two tooth or a single tooth
space.

Friedmans classification -1953
He introduced ABC classification where ,
A – Anterior.
B - Bounded posterior.
C - Cantilever.

Beckett and Wilsons Classification-1957
• Based on ideas of Bailyns classification the following
must be considered while determining the proportionate
amount of support provided by the teeth and tissue .
1.The quality of the abutment support.
2.The magnitude of occlusal support .
3.The harmony of occlusion.
4.The quality of mucosa and residual ridge.
• They believed every effort should be made to avoid
tissue support alone.

Class 1 - Bounded saddle – Abutment teeth qualified to
support the denture.Mucosa is not used for support.
Class 2 –Free end saddle
A)Tooth and tissue borne.
B) Tissue borne.

Class3 –Bounded saddle –Abutment teeth not so qualified for
support the denture as described in class1.

Craddocks Classification-1954
• Classified partial dentures as ;
• Class 1 –saddles supported on both sides by
substantial abutment teeth.

Class 2 –Vertical biting forces applied to the denture resisted
entirely by soft tissue.
Class 3 –Tooth supported at only one end of the saddle

Swensons Classification 1955
Simple classification proposed by Swenson and Terkala .
It is not widely used .It is similar to Kennedys
classification.The classes of Kennedys classification are
dramatically changed.

Class 1 Class ii

Class iii class iv

Subdivision –The four major classes are subdivided without
denoting which tooth is missing.
A - Anterior .
P - Posterior
AP – Anterior and posterior.
Ex – Class I A denotes distal extension base with some anterior
missing.

Austin and Lidge Classification-1957
Classification that described the position of teeth.

A1: Missing anteriors on one side unilateral construction.
A2 :Missing anteriors on both sides
AB1: Missing anteriors with bilateral construction.
Class A – missing anteriors

Class P – Missing posteriors.
P1 :Missing posteriors on one side unilateral construction.
P2 : Missing posteriors on both sides.
PB1: Posteriors missing on one side with bilateral
construction.

Class AP – Missing anteriors and posteriors.
AP1: Missing anteriors and posteriors on one side (unilateral
construction).
AP2: Missing anteriors and posteriors on both sides.
APB1: Missing anteriors and posteriors on one
side with bilateral construction.

Watt et al Classification 1958
It is based on type of support.
 Entirely tooth borne-the entire denture rests on the
abutment.
 Entirely tissue borne-the entire denture rests on tissue.
 Partially tooth borne and partially tissue borne- these
dentures rests on both teeth and tissues.

Skinners Classification 1959
Class1 –Abutment teeth are present anterior and posterior to the
edentulous space.It may be unilateral or bilateral.
Class2 – All the teeth are present posterior to the denture base
which function as a partial denture unit.It may be unilateral or
bilateral.

Class3 –All abutment teeth are anterior to the denture base
which function as a partial denture unit.it may be unilateral or
bilateral.
Class 4- Denture bases are located anterior and posterior to the
remaining teeth these may be unilateral or bilateral.

Class 5- Abutment teeth are unilateral in relation to denture
base and these may be unilateral or bilateral.

Osborne and Lamies Classification -1974
Similar to Watt et als classification.
Class 1 – Mucosa borne.
Class2 –Tooth borne.
Class 3 - combination of tooth borne and tissue borne.

Results of a poll of dental school
Kennedy classification – 20
Applegate – kennedy – 11
Swenson – 2
Cummer – 1
Friedman – 1
None taught – 7
Others – 2

Conclusion
Many classification of partial dentures and design
have been proposed by different clinicians.
A system acceptable to all concerned obviously
does not exist at the present time. If any one system were
to be accepted for wide professional use , the probabilities
favor its being either the kennedy or the applegate –
kennedy system

References
1. Clinical removable partial dentures
3rd edition stewart.
2. Mc Crackens Removable partial prosthodontics.
11th edition.
3. System of classifying partial edentulous arches .
JPD 1970 vol 24 no 1; pages 24 –40.

Thank you

rpd classification final / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to rpd classification final / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy

Similar to rpd classification final / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy (20)

More from Indian dental academy

More from Indian dental academy (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

rpd classification final / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy