this presentation has all the techniques in impression making in the fabrication of an RPD.
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
this presentation has all the techniques in impression making in the fabrication of an RPD.
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
Operative instruments in Conservative Dentistry & EndodonticsAshok Ayer
Operative Instruments in Endodontics including hand and power driven instruments. Recent advances in instruments in conservative dentistry and endodontics.
Operative instruments in Conservative Dentistry & EndodonticsAshok Ayer
Operative Instruments in Endodontics including hand and power driven instruments. Recent advances in instruments in conservative dentistry and endodontics.
Visit Dentistry and Medicine for more PPT's,EBooks and Lecture notes on Dentistry and Medicine here : http://dentistryandmedicine.blogspot.com/
Space maintainers are appliances used to maintain space or regain minor amounts of space lost,so as to guide the unerupted tooth into a proper position in the arch.
Overdentures are a useful treatment option in many clinical situations. A simple complete lower overdenture which encloses the roots of two root-treated canines has been shown above (Fig. 12.51). Cases can be more complicated than this. The reduction in the crowns of the teeth may have occurred due to tooth wear from a combination of erosion and attrition. In the elderly, where such tooth reduction has occurred, root canal treatment may not be necessary. The removal of the roots will not benefit the patient and the overdenture is the best form of treatment.
Less common situations, such as partial anodontia, cleft palate or loss of tooth crown substance in dentinogenesis imperfecta, may also require restoration using overdentures. The distinction between an onlay and an overdenture is not clear-cut and a potentially difficult partial denture treatment, such as the restoration of a free end saddle, may be helped by the coverage of a canine or molar tooth with a reduced crown rather than a more involved crown restoration.
In the case illustrated in Figure 12.53, an elderly patient has severe tooth surface loss. The aetiology of this wear must be diagnosed before treatment is commenced. For instance, is this wear a result of parafunction or erosion from the consumption of acidic drinks? The remaining dentition has been restored and a definitive overdenture placed.
Obturator /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
An immediate complete denture is a dental prosthesis constructed to replace the lost dentition and associate structure of the maxillae and/or mandible and inserted immediately following removal of remaining teeth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
2. DEFINITION- PROSTHODONTICS
Defined as the “branch of dentistry
pertaining to the restoration and
maintainence of oral function,
comfort, appearance and health of the
patient by restoration of natural teeth
or the replacement of missing teeth
and contiguous oral and maxillofacial
tissues with the artificial substitution.
4. REMOVABLE PROSTHODONTICS
It is devoted to replacement of missing
teeth & contigous tissues with prosthesis
designed to be removed by the wearer.It
includes two disciplines: removable
complete denture prosthodontics and
removable partial denture prosthodontics.
A RPD may be extracoronal or intracoronal
depending on what type of retention is
used to keep it in the mouth.
5.
6. TERMINOLOGIES USED IN RPD
Appliance
it is a device worn by a patient in the course
of treatment. e.g. orthodontic appliance,surgical
,space maintainer.
Abutment
“ Tooth,portion of a tooth ,or that portion of a
dental implant that serves to support & or retain a
prosthesis.”
7. Retainer
“The fixation device ,or any form of
attachment applied directly to an
abutment tooth & used for the fixation
of a prosthesis, is called retainer”
8.
9. Tooth supported RPD
A partial denture that receives support from
the natural teeth at each end of the edentulous
space or spaces.
Tooth tissue supported RPD
The denture base that extends anteriorly/ posteriorly
and is supported by teeth at one end and tissue on
the other end – distal extension partial dentures.
10.
11. Temporary removable partial
denture
they are used in patient where tissue
changes are expected, where a permanent
prosthesis cannot be fabricated till the
tissues stabilaize.
1. Interim denture ( Gum strippers)
It is a temporary partial denture used for a
short period to fulfill aesthetics, mastication
or convenience until a more definite form of
treatment can be rendered.
12.
13. 2. Transitional denture
May be used when loss of additional teeth
is inevitable but immediate extraction is not
advisable or desirable. Artificial teeth may
be added to the transitional denture as and
when the natural teeth are extracted.
14. 3. Treatment denture
It is used as a career for treatment
material. It is used when the soft
tissues have been abused by ill -fitting
prosthetic devices.
23. RPD is generally preferred in the
following conditions:
When more than 2 posterior teeth or 4
anterior teeth are missing.
If the canine & two of its adjacent teeth are
missing.
When there is no distal abutment tooth.
Presence of multiple edent.spaces.
If periodontally weakened teeth are present
near the edent.spaces.
24. Teeth with short clinical crowns.
Insufficient no:of abutments
Severe loss of tissue on the
edent.space.
Old patients
25. If the teeth adjacent to edent.spaces are
tipped ,they cannot be used as an abutment
for a fixed prosthesis.
26. Avoidance of RPD
Poor oral hygiene
Mentally retarded patient
Patient with large tongue.
27.
28. Requirements of an acceptable
method of classification .
It should permit immediate
visualisation of the type of partially
edent.arch that is being considered.
It should permit immediate
differentiation b/w the tooth supported
& the tooth and tissue supported
RPD.
It should be universally acceptable.
Serve as a guide for type of design to
be used.
29. CLASSIFICATION
Kennedy's classification
Dr. Edward Kennedy proposed this
classification in 1923.
• most popular classification.
• give a positional picture of the teeth
present but little information of the
exact no of teeth absent or present.
30. Kennedy Class I
This type is for people who are missing some or
all of their teeth on both sides in a single arch and
there are no teeth posterior to the edentulous
area.
32. Class III
A unilateral edentulous area with
natural teeth anterior and posterior to it
Also known as toothborne - supported
by remaining natural teeth only
33. Class IV
A single, but bilateral (crossing the
midline), edentulous area anterior to the
remaining natural teeth
Also known as anterior extension
There is no modification for this.
34. Applegate’s rules
Rule 1: classification should follow rather than
precede extractions that might alter the
original classification.
Rule 2: if the third molar is missing and not to
be replaced, it is not considered in the
classification.
Rule 3: if the third molar is present and is to
be used as an abutment, it is considered in
the classification.
Rule 4: if the second molar is missing and is
not to be replaced, it is not considered in the
classification.
35. Rule 5: the most posterior edentulous area or
areas always determine the classification.
Rule 6: edentulous areas other than those,
which determine the classification, are
referred to as modification spaces and are
designated by their no:
Rule 7: the extend of the modification is not
considered, only the no: of edentulous areas,
i.e. the no: of teeth missing in the modification
spaces is not considered only the no: of
additional edentulous spaces are considered.
36. Rule 8: there can be no modification
areas in class IV. Because any
additional edentulous space will
definitely be posterior to it and will
determine the classification.
38. Class V: edent. area
bounded anteriorly
and posteriorly by
natural teeth but in
which the anterior
abutment (e.g. LI) is
not suitable for
support. It is basically
a class III situation for
the anterior abutment
cannot be used for
any support.
39. Class VI: edent. area
in which the teeth
adj.to the space are
capable of total
support of the required
prosthesis. This
denture hardly
requires any tissue
support. Most of the
RPDs are tooth tissue
supported. Hence this
condition is classified
as a separate group.
40. Procedures in the dental office and in the
laboratory for fabricating a removable
partial denture
Medical and dental history;
extra-and intraoral examination;
Xray analysis; classify the
dental condition (Kennedy)
Treatment planning
Primary impresion taking
41. Procedures in the dental office and in the
laboratory for fabricating a removable
partial denture
Materials used for primary
impression taking:
alginate
silicones
Taken by a stock tray !
42. Procedures in the dental office and in the
laboratory for fabricating a removable
partial denture
After pouring out the
primary impression in
the laboratory, we get
the diagnostic cast
On the diagnostic
cast we outline the
borders of the special
tray
44. • Mouth preparation follows the preliminary diagnosis and
the development of a tentative treatment plan.
• Final treatment planning may be deferred until the response to
the preparatory procedures can be ascertained.
• In general, mouth preparation includes following categories:-
1. Oral surgical preparation,
2. Conditioning of abused and irritated tissue,
3. Periodontal preparation,
4. Correction of Occlusal plane.
5. Preparation of abutment teeth.
• The objectives of the procedures involved in all four areas are to
return the mouth to optimum health and to eliminate any
condition that would be detrimental to the success of the
removable partial denture.
45.
46. Procedures in the dental office and in the
laboratory for fabricating a removable
partial denture
secondary
impression
taking by the
dentist with
special tray
(silicones)
47. Procedures in the dental office and in
the laboratory for fabricating a
removable partial denture
On the secondary cast at
the dental office we
design the removable
partial denture, outline
the saddle areas,
occlusal rests and the
retainers
The secondary cast is the
mastercast (made of
stone or precise die
stone)
49. Procedures in the dental office and in
the laboratory for fabricating a
removable partial denture
With the duplicaton of the
mastercast we get the
working cast for
making the wax pattern
and investing
Materials used for
duplicating the
mastercast:
duplicating gels
silicones
Images from Bego Virtual Academy
50.
51. Procedures in the dental office and in the
laboratory for fabricating a removable
partial denture
On the surface of
the working cast
the dental
technician makes
the wax pattern
from prefabricated
wax elements
52. Procedures in the dental office and in the
laboratory for fabricating a removable
partial denture
After
sprueing the
working cast
is ready for
investing
Images from Bego Virtual Academy
53. Investing with flask
Investment materials
used for cobalt-
chromium alloys:
Phosphate bonded
Silica bonded
Gypsum bonded
Investing is carried out
by vibration.
Images from Bego Virtual Academy
55. finishing of the ready metal
frame
(sandblasting, trimming,
polishing)
Images from Bego Virtual Academy
56.
57. At the dental office we
check the ready
frameworks and
determine the jaw
relationship with wax
occlusal rim and
choose the sade
At the laboratory they
set up the teeth
58. Procedures in the dental office and in
the laboratory for fabricating a
removable partial denture
After setting up the
teeth we try in the trial
denture at the office
Check up the
occlusion, articulation,
shade
Processing