The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Fixed partial dentures transmit forces through the abutments to the periodontium. Failures are due to poor engineering, the use of improper materials, inadequate tooth preparation, and faulty fabrication. Of particular concern to prosthodontist is the selection of teeth for abutments. They must recognize the forces developed by the oral mechanism, and resistance.
Successful selection of abutments for fixed partial dentures requires sensitive diagnostic ability. Thorough knowledge of anatomy, ceramics, the chemistry and physics of dental materials, metallurgy, Periodontics, phonetics, physiology, radiology and the mechanics of oral function is fundamental.
Fixed partial dentures transmit forces through the abutments to the periodontium. Failures are due to poor engineering, the use of improper materials, inadequate tooth preparation, and faulty fabrication. Of particular concern to prosthodontist is the selection of teeth for abutments. They must recognize the forces developed by the oral mechanism, and resistance.
Successful selection of abutments for fixed partial dentures requires sensitive diagnostic ability. Thorough knowledge of anatomy, ceramics, the chemistry and physics of dental materials, metallurgy, Periodontics, phonetics, physiology, radiology and the mechanics of oral function is fundamental.
Connectors –in fpd /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Preventive orthodontic is that part of orthodontic practice that concerned with patient and parents education, supervision and development of dentition and craniofacial structures
Dental management of children with special health care needsaravindhanarumugam1
hope this will throw a light in understanding special children and dental management of the same particularly for pediatric dentistry PGs .children with genetic diseases and emotionally handicapped ( child abuse and neglect ) are not discussed here as they are separate topics.
dr. aravindhan
Failures in Fixed Partial Denture
(Prosthodontics FPD- Dental science)
Various types of failures in the fabrication of fixed partial denture
Dr.Sachin Sunny Otta
St.Gregorios Dental College,Kothamangalam,Ernakulam
Unilateral Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis with Mini Implant Prostheses: A...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Orthodontic management for patients with single or bilateral congenitally missing permanent lateral incisors is a
challenge to effective treatment planning. Over the last several decades, dentistry has focused on several treatment
modalities for replacement of missing teeth. The two major alternative treatment options are orthodontic space
closure or space opening for prosthetic replacements. For patients with high aesthetic expectations implants are one
of the treatment of choices, especially when it comes to replacement of missing maxillary lateral incisors and
mandibular incisors. Edentulous areas where the available bone is compromised to use conventional implants with
2.5 mm or more in diameter, narrow diameter implants with less than 2.5 mm diameter can be successfully used.
This case report deals with managing a compromised situation in the region of maxillary lateral incisor using a
narrow diameter implant.
Connectors –in fpd /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Preventive orthodontic is that part of orthodontic practice that concerned with patient and parents education, supervision and development of dentition and craniofacial structures
Dental management of children with special health care needsaravindhanarumugam1
hope this will throw a light in understanding special children and dental management of the same particularly for pediatric dentistry PGs .children with genetic diseases and emotionally handicapped ( child abuse and neglect ) are not discussed here as they are separate topics.
dr. aravindhan
Failures in Fixed Partial Denture
(Prosthodontics FPD- Dental science)
Various types of failures in the fabrication of fixed partial denture
Dr.Sachin Sunny Otta
St.Gregorios Dental College,Kothamangalam,Ernakulam
Unilateral Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis with Mini Implant Prostheses: A...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Orthodontic management for patients with single or bilateral congenitally missing permanent lateral incisors is a
challenge to effective treatment planning. Over the last several decades, dentistry has focused on several treatment
modalities for replacement of missing teeth. The two major alternative treatment options are orthodontic space
closure or space opening for prosthetic replacements. For patients with high aesthetic expectations implants are one
of the treatment of choices, especially when it comes to replacement of missing maxillary lateral incisors and
mandibular incisors. Edentulous areas where the available bone is compromised to use conventional implants with
2.5 mm or more in diameter, narrow diameter implants with less than 2.5 mm diameter can be successfully used.
This case report deals with managing a compromised situation in the region of maxillary lateral incisor using a
narrow diameter implant.
Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors; Orthodontic, Restorative, and Implant ...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
This article discusses factors in determining
whether to close an open space or to open enough space for a prosthetic treatment for congenitally missing maxillary lateral
incisors. Further, the importance of a total treatment approach using an interdisciplinary dental specialty team to maximize
function, aesthetics, and oral health is discussed.
Visit Dentistry and Medicine for more PPT's,EBooks and Lecture notes on Dentistry and Medicine here : http://dentistryandmedicine.blogspot.com/
Space maintainers are appliances used to maintain space or regain minor amounts of space lost,so as to guide the unerupted tooth into a proper position in the arch.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Preventive orthodontics/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit www.indiandentalacademy.com
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
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Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
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--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. SPACE MAINTENANCE IN
THE PRIMARY DENTITION
Space maintenance can be defined as
the provision of an appliance (active
or passive )which is concerned only
with the control of space loss without
taking into consideration measures to
supervise the development of
dentition.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
3. Space maintainers are appliances
used to maintain space or regain
minor amounts of space lost,so as
to guide the unerupted tooth into a
proper position in the arch.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
4. IDEAL REQUIREMENTS
It should maintain the entire mesio-distal space
created by a lost tooth.
It must restore the function as far as possible &
prevent over-eruption of opposing teeth.
It should be simple in construction.
It should be strong enough to withstand the
functional forces.
It should not exert excessive stress on adjoining
teeth.
It must permit maintenance of oral hygiene.
It must not restrict normal growth & development
and natural adjustments which take place during
the transition from deciduous to permanent
dentition.
It should not come in the way of other functions.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
5. CLASSIFICATION OF SPACE
MAINTAINERS
1) Acc. To Hitchcock-
Removable or fixed or semi-fixed.
With bands or without bands.
Functional or non-functional.
Active or passive.
Certain combinations of the above.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
6. 2) Acc. To Raymond C.Thurow-
Removable
Complete arch
Lingual arch
Extra-oral anchorage
Individual tooth
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
7. 3) Acc. To Hinrichsen-
Fixed space maintainers-
CLASS I (a) Non-functional types-
i. Bar type.
ii. Loop type.
(b) Functional types-
i. Pontic type.
ii. Lingual arch
type.
CLASS II Cantilever type (distal shoe,band
& loop.)
Removable space maintainers-
Acrylic partial dentures
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
8. PLANNING FOR SPACE
MAINTENANCE
The following considerations are important to
the dentist when space maintenance is
considered after the untimely loss of primary
teeth-
a) Time elapsed since loss-
if space closure
occurs,it usually takes place during the first 6
months after the extraction.When a primary
tooth is removed & all factors indicate the
need for space maintenance,it is best to insert
an appliance as soon as possible after the
extraction.Often the best approach,if
possible,is to fabricate an appliance before
the extraction & deliver it at the extraction
appointment. www.indiandentalacademy.
com
9. b) Dental age of the patient-
the chronologic age of
the patient is not so important as the
developmental age.Gron studied the
emergence of permanent teeth based on
the amount of root development,as viewed
on radiographs,at the time of
emergence.she found that teeth erupt when
three-fourths of the root is
developed,regardless of the child’s
chronologic age.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
10. c) Amount of bone covering the unerupted
tooth-
if there is bone covering the crowns,it can
be readily predicted that eruption will not occur
for many months,a space-maintaining appliance is
indicated.
d) Sequence of eruption of teeth-
the dentist should observe the
relationship of developing & erupting teeth
adjacent to the space created by the untimely
loss of a tooth. www.indiandentalacademy.
com
11. e) Delayed eruption of the
permanent tooth-
in case of impacted
permanent tooth,it is necessary to
extract the primary tooth,construct a
space maintainer & allow the permanent
tooth to erupt at its normal position.
If the permanent teeth in the
same area of the opposing dentition have
erupted,it is advisable to incorporate an
occlusal stop in the appliance to prevent
supraeruption in the opposing arch.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
12. f) Congenital absence of the permanent
tooth-
if permanent teeth are
congenitally absent,the dentist must decide
whether it is wise to hold the space for many
years until a fixed replacement can be provided
or it is better to allow the space to close.
If the decision is made to allow
the space to close,there will rarely if ever be
bodily movement of the teeth adjacent to the
space.Therefore,orthodontic treatment will be
needed to guide the teeth into a desirable
position.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
13. g) Presentation of problems to parents-
take sufficient time to explain
existing conditions & discuss the possibility
of the development of a future malocclusion
if steps are not taken to maintain the
space or to guide the development of the
occlusion. Also explain that the space-
maintaining appliance will not correct an
existing malocclusion but will only prevent
an undesirable condition from becoming
worse or more complicated.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
14. APPLIANCE THERAPY
Fixed space
maintainers-
Band & loop space
maintainer.
Crown & loop
appliance.
Lingual arch.
Palatal arch
appliance.
Transpalatal arch.
Distal shoe.
Esthetic anterior
space maintainer.
Band & Bar type
space maintainer.
Removable space
maintainers-
Acrylic partial
dentures.
Full or complete
dentures.
Removable distal shoe
space maintainer.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
15. Four appliances generally used to
maintain space in the primary
dentition are-
The Band & Loop
The Lingual Arch
The Distal Shoe
The Removable Appliance
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
16. Fixed Space
Maintainers
Space maintainers which are fixed or fitted onto the
teeth are called fixed space maintainers.
ADVANTAGES:
1. Bands and crowns are used which require minimum or
no tooth preparation.
2. They do not interfere with passive eruption of
abutment teeth.
3. Jaw growth is not hampered.
4. The Succedaneous permanent teeth are free to erupt
into the oral cavity.
5. They can be used in un-co-operative patients.
6. Masticatory functions is restored if pontics are
placed. www.indiandentalacademy.
com
17. DISADVANTAGES:
1. Elaborate instrumentation with expert
skill is needed.
2. They may result in decalcification of
tooth material under the bands.
3. Supra eruption of opposing teeth can
take place if pontics are not used.
4. If pontics are used it can interfere
with vertical eruption of the abutment
tooth & may prevent eruption of replacing
permanent teeth if patient fails to report.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
18. CONSTRUCTION-
The fixed space maintainer generally are
constituted of the following components-
a) Band
b) Loop / arch wire
c) Solder joint
d) Auxiliaries
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
19. BAND-
The band forms an important part of the
constructions of the various fixed
appliances several bands are employed such
as-
1) Loop bands
2) Tailored bands
3) Preformed seamless bands
made of precious metal or chrome alloy.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
20. Every band should possess a few ideal
criteria such that-
It should fit the contours of the tooth as
closely as possible,thereby enhancing the
placement of the attachment in relationship
to the tooth.
Should not extend subgingivally any more
than necessary.
Band material should resist deformation
under stresses in the mouth.
Resist tarnish.
Inherent springiness.
Cause no occlusal interference.www.indiandentalacademy.
com
21. STEPS IN BAND FORMATION-
A) Separation of teeth
By (i) Brass wire
(ii) Elastic threads
B) Band formation
By (i) Direct formation
-Band pinching
-Festooning
-Trimming
-Folded flap
(ii) Preformed bands
(iii) Indirect band technique
C) Welding
D) Soldering www.indiandentalacademy.
com
23. WELDING-
It is the process during which a
portion of the metal being joined is
melted & flowed together.
Bands are generally joined by
welding.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
25. SOLDERING-
It is the process by which the
two metals are joined together by
an intermediary metal of a lower
fusion temperature.The most
common solder used is the silver
solder containing silver,zinc,copper
& tin.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
26. REMOVABLE APPLIANCE
The appliance is typically used when more than
one tooth has been lost in a quadrant.
It is often the only alternative because there
are no suitable abutment teeth and bacause the
cantilever design of the distal shoe or the band
and loop is too weak to withstand occlusal
forces over a two-tooth span.
Not only can the partial denture replace more
than one tooth, it also can replace occlusal
function.
Two drawbacks of the appliance are retention
and compliance.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
29. Advantages:
1. Easy to clean and permit maintainance of
proper oral hygiene.
2. Maintain or restore the vertical dimension.
3. Can be worn part time allowing circulation of
the blood to the soft tissues.
4. Room can be made for permanent teeth to
erupt without changing the appliance.
5. Stimulate eruption of permanent teeth.
6. Help in preventing development of tongue
thrust habit into the extraction space.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
30. DISADVANTAGES:
1. May be lost or broken by the patient.
2. Un-co-operative patients may not
wear the appliance.
3. Lateral jaw growth may be restricted,
if clasps are incorporated.
4. May cause irritation of the undrelying
soft tissues.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
31. Indication:
1.When aesthetics is of importance.
2.In case the abutment teeth cannot support a
fixed appliance.
3.In cleft palate patients who require obturation
of the palatal defect.
4.In case the radiograph reveals that the
unerupted permanent tooth is not going to erupt
in less than five months time.
5.If the permanent teeth have not fully erupted
it may be difficult to adapt bands.
6.Multiple loss of deciduous teeth which may
require functional replacement in the form of
either partial or complete dentures.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
32. CONTRAINDICATIONS-
1.Lack of patient co-operation.
2.patients who are allergic to acrylic
material.
3.Epileptic patients.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
33. BAND & LOOP APPLIANCE
(Fixed,Non functional,Passive space
maintainer)
It is used to maintain the space of a single
tooth.
Inexpensive & easy to fabricate.
It does not restore the occlusal function
of the missing tooth.
www.indiandentalacademy.
com
35. Indications
Unilateral loss of the primary first
molar before or after eruption of the
permanent first molar.
Bilateral loss of a primary molar
before the eruption of the permanent
incisors.
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39. LINGUAL ARCH
(Fixed,Non functional,Passive
Mandibular arch appliance)
Used to maintain the posterior space in
the primary dentition.
The lingual arch is often suggested when
teeth are lost in both quadrants of the
same arch.
Belong to those group of space control
appliances which not only control
anteroposterior movements but also are
capable of controlling & preventing an
arch perimeter distortion,by controlling
the lingual collapse of single tooth or
segments of the arch.
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40. It consist of a round stainless steel or
precious alloy wire,0.32 to 0.40 inches in
diameter closely adapted to the lingual
surfaces of the teeth & anchored to bands
on the first permanent molars.
The means used to anchor the archwire to
the bands will define whether the lingual
arch is of a removable or fixed type.
Because the permanent incisor tooth buds
develop & erupt somewhat lingual to their
primary precursors,a conventional
mandibular lingual arch is not recommended
in the primary dentition (bilateral band &
loop appliances are recommended in this
situation.)
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42. PASSIVATION-
The lingual archwire should be
completely passive.This is done by
heating the wire to a dull brownish
appearance,while keeping the wire gently
in place on the cingula with an old
instrument.
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44. The maxillary lingual arch is feasible in the
primary dentition because it can be constructed to
rest away from the incisors.
Two types of lingual arch designs are used to
maintain maxillary space-
the Nance arch.
the Transpalatal arches.
These appliances use a large wire(36 mil) to
connect the banded primary teeth on both sides of
the arch that are distal to the extraction site.
The difference b/w the two appliances amounts
to where the wire is placed in the palate.The
Nance arch incorporates an acrylic button that
rests directly on the palatal rugae.The
Transpalatal arch(TPA) is made from a wire that
traverses the palate directly without touching it.
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45. NANCE ARCH or NANCE
SPACE HOLDING APPLIANCE
(Fixed,Non-
functional,Passive,Maxillary arch
appliance)
Nance(1947) described the
“preventive lingual wire”.
It consists of bands on the upper
molars,with the arch wire extending
forward into the vault.
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46. CONSTRUCTION-
The acrylic button is present on the
slope of the palate & provides an
excellent resistance against forward
movement(U loop).The wire should extend
from the lingual of bands to the deepest
& most anterior point in the middle of
hard palate.
‘U’ bend is given in the wire for the
retention of the acrylic 1-2mm away
from the soft tissue.
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47. TRANSPALATAL ARCH
(Fixed,Non-functional,Passive
appliance)
• The arch is soldered to both sides,straight
without a button & without touching the
palate.
• The basis of the appliance is that the
migration & rotation is caused by rotation
around the lingual root.By preventing
this,space loss is prevented by the
appliance.
• Cross arch anchorage can be used if only
one of the primary molars is lost & both
the permanent molars are erupted.www.indiandentalacademy.
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49. DISTAL SHOE
(Intra-alveolar,Eruption guidance
appliance)
o Used to maintain the space of a primary
second molar that has been lost before
the eruption of the permanent first
molar.
o An unerupted permanent first molar
drifts mesially within the alveolar bone if
the primary second molar is lost
prematurely.The result of the mesial
drifts is loss of arch length & possible
impaction of the second premolar.
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54. DISADVANTAGES-
o Because of its cantilever design & the fact
it is anchored on the occlusally convergent
crown of the primary first molar,the
appliance can replace only a single tooth &
is somewhat fragile.
o No occlusal function is restored because of
this lack of strength.
o Histologic examination shows that complete
epithelialization does not occur after
placement of the appliance.
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55. REFERENCES
• Dentistry for the child and adolescent; Ralph E.
Mc Donald; David R. Avery; eight edition
2004;C.V. Mosby Company.
• Paediatric Dentistry; Richard R. Welbury;
Second edition 2001; Oxford Medical
publications.
• Graber T.M.; Orthodontics principle and
practice; third edition; page no. 315 to 317
• William R. Proffit; Contemporay Orthodontics;
second edition; page no127
• Gurkreet Singh; Text book of Orthodontics;
first edition; 2004;Puublished by Jitendra P.
Vij; page no. 539 to 547
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