This document discusses different types of fertilizers, including their definitions, uses, and effects. It describes: - Single, compound, organic, and inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers include manures, composts, and biofertilizers. - The 17 essential nutrients required for plant growth, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients. - Sources of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers like urea, ammonium phosphate, and potassium chloride. - Advantages of fertilizers like increased crop yields but also disadvantages like potential negative environmental impacts.

1. Assigned by:
Ma’am Sumbal Ali
Presented by:
Iqra Saeed
Saia Kokab
Khadija Nisar
Touseef Ahmad
Adeel Akram
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2. Contents
• Introduction to Fertilizers
• Types of Fertilizers
a) Single Fertilizers
b) Compound Fertilizers
c) Organic Fertilizers
d) Inorganic Fertilizers
• Advantages and Disadvantages of fertilizers
• Summary
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3. Introduction to Fertilizers
Definition:
“Fertilizers are natural and synthetic materials used to supply the essential
elements to the plant in a readily available form for the growth and development
of plant”
These compounds are given to plants either
• By soil____________ uptake by plant roots
• Foliar feeding______ uptake through leaves
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4. Introduction to Fertilizers
Why Fertilizers are applied?
Fertilizers are applied because they can provide:
• Certain elements ( N, P, K )
• Nutrients
• Support plant growth
• Increase flowering
• Increase the yield of crops and fruits
• Increase soil fertility
• Increase soil aeration
• Increase Water holding capacity
• Provide deficient elements
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5. Essential Nutrients
There are 17 essential nutrients which effect the growth of plants:
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6. Nutrients
Natural Primary Secondary Micro
Nutrients Nutrients Nutrients Nutrients
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Potassium
• Phosphorous
• Calcium
• Sodium
• Sulfur
• Magnesium
• Copper
• Molybdenum
• Manganese
• Cobalt
• Zinc
• Boron
• Iron
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8. Types Of Fertilizers
• Single Fertilizers
e.g NH4Cl, KCl, NH4NO3
• Compound Fertilizers
e.g KNO3 , Mono, Di, Tri
Ammonium Phosphate
• Organic Fertilizers
e.g Biofertilizers like Organic
Manures, Composts etc.
• Inorganic Fertilizers
e.g Artificial and Chemical
Fertilizers
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9. Organic Fertilizers
• These are derived from Organic sources
• These can range from organic compost to cow manure
• Cow manure from a conventional farm
• Pesticides would not be considered organic fertilizers
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10. Types of Organic Fertilizers
Organic Fertilizers can b categorized into following groups:
• Manures and compost
• Plant manures
• Plant stubble and residues
• Other fertilizers
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11. Animal Manure and Compost
• Animal manure consists of solid and liquid
feces and litter
• Good quality manure is excellent source of
organic nutrients
• Fresh manure may be available from the
livestock operations
• Compost can be made from the materials such
as yard waste, sawdust, manures and
industrial by-products
• It usually has a dark brown appearance,
granular in size and has a musty smell
• Commercially packed manures generally
contain composted material litter.
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12. Green Manures
Green fertilizing is a method in which,
 Plants are produced and their
whole mass is turned into mass in
soil
 They increase the soil fertility by
incorporating nutrients and organic
matter in soil
 Leguminous plants such as clover
are often use for this
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13. Plant, Stubbles and roots Residues
• The roots of cultivated plants play a
significant role in the maintenance
of the fertility, digestion of nutrients
and improving the structure of the
soil.
• They have a great advantage on the
organic manures that they
homogenously net in the soil and in
this way the organic material
distribution is even.
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14. Other Fertilizers
There are some other fertilizers which
include:
 Peet
 Lime
 Algae-Products
a) Calcareous Algae
b) Liquid product made of dried
green and brown algae
 Bacterial and Microbial Fertilizers
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16. Inorganic Fertilizers
• These fertilizers are made up of simple inorganic chemicals or minerals.
• Inorganic Fertilizer are used to distinguish the manufactured product from
natural organic material of plant and animal.
Specifications
• They are easy to store.
• They have analysis than organic fertilizer.
• They can be custom formulated for specific purpose.
• Easy to apply and can be applied uniformly.
• They available in liquid and solid form.
• Nutrients are readily available to plant
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17. Sources of Inorganic Fertilizers (majorly)
Major sources of inorganic fertilizers which impart important characteristics
on plant growth are:-
• Nitrogen Fertilizers (N)
• Phosphorous Fertilizers (P)
• Potassium Fertilizers (K)
These are commonly called
as NPK Fertilizers.
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18. Nitrogen Fertilizers
• Promotes rapid vegetative growth (leaf and stems) hastening
recovery after mowing and imparting vigor to the turf.
• A vital element in the formation and function of
chlorophyll–the key ingredient imparting dark green color.
• Synthesizes amino acids which in turn form protein.
• Regulates the uptake of other nutrients.
• Basic ingredient of vital compounds - Nucleic acid
• Commercial inorganic source include salt of ammonia and
potassium.
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19. Ammonium Sulfate (N- Fertilizer)
• (NH4)2SO4 has been used in sugarcane and pineapple as
on small farm.
• It contain 21%N and 11% S.
• It will lower soil pH if used continuously over long time.
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20. Urea ( N-Fertilizer)
• Urea is a type of nitrogen fertilizer which is white crystalline substance with
the chemical formula NH2CONH2.
• It is highly water soluble.
• It contains 46% nitrogen
Urea Manufacturing
Raw material:
• Amonia(NH3)
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Reaction:
• Urea is synthesized from NH3 and CO2 in two stage reaction.
• Formation of ammonium carbonate.
• 1.2NH3+CO2 NH2COONH4
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21. Synthesis of Urea
Several parts
• Ammonium pumping
• Carbon dioxide
compression
• Urea synthesis tower
• Distillation tower and flash
drum
• Vacuum evaporator
• Prilling tower
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22. Phosphorous Fertilizers (P-Fertilizers)
• Animal manure is a source of Phosphorus.
• Commercial fertilizer are made primarily from Rock phosphate.
• Other commercial form are ammonium phosphate and triple super
phosphate.
• They are water soluble.
Ammonium Phosphate (P-Fertilizers)
• Ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4 is salt ammonium and
phosphate acid.
• It consists of ammonium cations and ammonium anoins.
• It is water soluble and aqueous solution on boiling losses
ammonia.
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23. Synthesis of Ammonium phosphate
Raw Material:-
Basis=1000Kg of Diamonium phosphate
Amonium=200Kg
Phosphoric=465Kg
Reaction:
NH3+H3PO4 NH4H2PO4
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24. Potassium Fertilizers ( K-Fertilizers)
• Used to replenish soil supplies.
• Community fertilizer may purchase as potassium sulfate.
• The nitrate firm is more expensive.
• Used only for high premium crop such as vegetables and orchard plant.
Potassium Chloride Fertilizers (K-Fertilizer)
• Potassium chloride is well suited for rice wheat , cotton and corn.
• Because of physiological acidity potassium can be used in neutral
calcareous soil.
• It can be used as top dressing.
• Because Potassium Chloride fertilizer contain large amount of
chloride, it will help to growth of seed.
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26. Effects of Fertilizers
Biofertilizers
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27. Effects on Agriculture
• Increase crop harvest yield .
(from 20-37percent)
• (Algae on rice increase yield from
10-45percent)
• +)) Production of plant hormones.
• (Phytohormones)
• Protection from drought and soil
borne disease.
• (Aquatic cynobact),(azotobacter)
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28. Effects on Environment
• Ecofriendly.
• Remove pollutants.
• Improve soil water holding capacity.
• Decrease soil erosion.
• Activate soil biologically.
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29. Advantages of Biofertilizers
• Decompose plant residues & stabilize C:N ratio in soil
• Stimulate plant growth by secreting growth hormones
• Secrete antifungal and antibiotic like substances
• No adverse effects on plants growth
• It also produce IAA (indole acetic acid), Gibberellins, and vitamin
B that catalyze the growth of crops and yields
• Cheaper then the commercial fertilizers, 200 grams of solid bio-
fertilizers are available in Rs.6 while liquid bio-fertilizers are
available in Rs.280/liter
• Can be used in paddy Crops( Rice)
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30. Disadvantages of Biofertilizers
• Specific to plants.
• Require skills to maintain
• In adequate awareness of use and
benefits.
• Different machinery from that of
chemical fertilizers.
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31. Effects of Chemical Fertilizers
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32. Advantages of Chemical Fertilizers
• Help in fight plant disease
• Increase root growth & make plant
pest resistant
• It make poor soil fertile immediately
• Eliminate crop rotation
• Cheap & easy to use
• Make nutrients available to crops
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33. Disadvantages of Chemical Fertilizers
• Create dead zones
• Kill aquatic life
• Decrease water holding capacity in soil
• Increase soil erosion
• Kill nitrogen supplying microbes to plants
• Cause breathing problems & skin disease in
farmers
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