Complex NPK Fertilizer Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Production Schedule, Working Capital Requirement, Plant Layout, Process Flow Sheet, Cost of Project, Projected Balance Sheets, Profitability Ratios, Break Even Analysis
Fertilizer is a material that is added to the soil to supply one or more elements required for plant growth and productiveness. Plants need to be fertilized because most soil does not provide the essential nutrients required for optimum growth.
The three numbers on fertilizer represents the value of the three macro-nutrients used by plants. These macro-nutrients are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) or NPK for short. All plants need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to grow. Without enough of any one of these nutrients, a plant will fail. An NPK fertilizer provides those three nutrients in ratios particular to the plant being grown.
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106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
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Complex NPK fertilizer project report, Complex NPK fertilizers Business, Complex NPK fertilizers Making Small Business Manufacturing, Composition of powder NPK fertilizers, Compounds of liquid NPK fertilizers, Detailed Project Report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Download free project profile on NPK fertilizers, Feasibility report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Fertilizer Manufacturing Plant and Fertilizer Plant, Fertilizer manufacturing process flow chart, Formulation of NPK fertilizers, Free Project Profile on Complex NPK fertilizers, Great Opportunity for Startup, How fertilizers are manufactured, How to apply powder NPK fertilizers, How to make NPK fertilizer, NPK fertilizer manufacturing process pdf, NPK fertilizer manufacturing, NPK fertilizer plant, NPK fertilizer preparation, NPK fertilizer process flow diagram, NPK fertilizer production process, NPK fertilizer production technology, NPK fertilizer production, NPK fertilizer properties, NPK fertilizer use, Production of NPK Fertilizers, Profitable Small Scale Complex NPK fertilizers manufacturing, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Project profile on Complex NPK fertilizers, Project Report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Project report on NPK fertilizers manufacturing industries, Setting up and opening your Complex NPK fertilizers Business, Nitrogenous Fertilisers Demand Past and Future, Urea Demand Past and Future
This is a precise presentation on NPK fertilizers or complex fertilizers. It has detailed flowsheets with descriptions about all manufacturing processes of NPK fertilizers as well
Fertilizers are compounds given to plants with the intention of promoting growth; they are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar spraying, for uptake through leaves.
Classification of chemical fertilizers • organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer • Sources of Organic fertilizers • Inorganic fertilizers • Nitrogenous fertilizers • Phosphate fertilizers • Potassic fertilizers • Secondary major-nutrient fertilizers • Micronutrient Fertilizers • On the base of physiological effect • On the basis of physical forms • Granular fertilizers
Complex NPK Fertilizer Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Production Schedule, Working Capital Requirement, Plant Layout, Process Flow Sheet, Cost of Project, Projected Balance Sheets, Profitability Ratios, Break Even Analysis
Fertilizer is a material that is added to the soil to supply one or more elements required for plant growth and productiveness. Plants need to be fertilized because most soil does not provide the essential nutrients required for optimum growth.
The three numbers on fertilizer represents the value of the three macro-nutrients used by plants. These macro-nutrients are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) or NPK for short. All plants need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to grow. Without enough of any one of these nutrients, a plant will fail. An NPK fertilizer provides those three nutrients in ratios particular to the plant being grown.
See more
https://goo.gl/bE20Jx
https://goo.gl/GSw8OE
https://goo.gl/iyuYOd
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Complex NPK fertilizer project report, Complex NPK fertilizers Business, Complex NPK fertilizers Making Small Business Manufacturing, Composition of powder NPK fertilizers, Compounds of liquid NPK fertilizers, Detailed Project Report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Download free project profile on NPK fertilizers, Feasibility report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Fertilizer Manufacturing Plant and Fertilizer Plant, Fertilizer manufacturing process flow chart, Formulation of NPK fertilizers, Free Project Profile on Complex NPK fertilizers, Great Opportunity for Startup, How fertilizers are manufactured, How to apply powder NPK fertilizers, How to make NPK fertilizer, NPK fertilizer manufacturing process pdf, NPK fertilizer manufacturing, NPK fertilizer plant, NPK fertilizer preparation, NPK fertilizer process flow diagram, NPK fertilizer production process, NPK fertilizer production technology, NPK fertilizer production, NPK fertilizer properties, NPK fertilizer use, Production of NPK Fertilizers, Profitable Small Scale Complex NPK fertilizers manufacturing, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Project profile on Complex NPK fertilizers, Project Report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Project report on NPK fertilizers manufacturing industries, Setting up and opening your Complex NPK fertilizers Business, Nitrogenous Fertilisers Demand Past and Future, Urea Demand Past and Future
This is a precise presentation on NPK fertilizers or complex fertilizers. It has detailed flowsheets with descriptions about all manufacturing processes of NPK fertilizers as well
Fertilizers are compounds given to plants with the intention of promoting growth; they are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar spraying, for uptake through leaves.
Classification of chemical fertilizers • organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer • Sources of Organic fertilizers • Inorganic fertilizers • Nitrogenous fertilizers • Phosphate fertilizers • Potassic fertilizers • Secondary major-nutrient fertilizers • Micronutrient Fertilizers • On the base of physiological effect • On the basis of physical forms • Granular fertilizers
Mixed Fertilizers - Definition, Preparation and Compatibility. VisanthGuhan
Definition for Mixed Fertilizers, It's Advantages and Disadvantages, Incompatibility of Mixed Fertilizers, Physical and chemical changes that affects the preparation and Mixed Fertilizer preparation process.
Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely used phosphorus fertilizer. It’s made from two common constituents in the fertilizer industry, and its relatively high nutrient content and excellent physical properties make it a popular choice in farming and other industries
Fertilizers; Early history • What are Fertilizer • Nutrients in fertilizers • Functions and available form of nutrients • Needs for fertilizers • Essential requirements • Fertility of the soil • pH value of the soil • Fertilizer industry in Pakistan • Fertilizers; merits • Fertilizers; demerits • Uses Precaution; • To sum up • Student assignment
Business Plan- NPK Fertilizer & Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN). Growing Industry to Start a Business.
Ammonium nitrate (AN) is one among the foremost common commercially available nitrogen fertilizers, the content of nitrogen during which amounts up to 35% by mass. The most agrochemical advantage of a compared to other simple nitrogen fertilizers is to present nitrogen both in ammonia and nitrate forms. Herewith, the high content of this component enables to combine it with other varieties of fertilizers and acquire complex fertilizer with the high content of basic nutrients—nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The most disadvantages of such sorts of fertilizers are their high hygroscopicity, caking and therefore the increased requirements for fire and explosion safety.
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An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall ST,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Mixed Fertilizers - Definition, Preparation and Compatibility. VisanthGuhan
Definition for Mixed Fertilizers, It's Advantages and Disadvantages, Incompatibility of Mixed Fertilizers, Physical and chemical changes that affects the preparation and Mixed Fertilizer preparation process.
Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely used phosphorus fertilizer. It’s made from two common constituents in the fertilizer industry, and its relatively high nutrient content and excellent physical properties make it a popular choice in farming and other industries
Fertilizers; Early history • What are Fertilizer • Nutrients in fertilizers • Functions and available form of nutrients • Needs for fertilizers • Essential requirements • Fertility of the soil • pH value of the soil • Fertilizer industry in Pakistan • Fertilizers; merits • Fertilizers; demerits • Uses Precaution; • To sum up • Student assignment
Business Plan- NPK Fertilizer & Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN). Growing Industry to Start a Business.
Ammonium nitrate (AN) is one among the foremost common commercially available nitrogen fertilizers, the content of nitrogen during which amounts up to 35% by mass. The most agrochemical advantage of a compared to other simple nitrogen fertilizers is to present nitrogen both in ammonia and nitrate forms. Herewith, the high content of this component enables to combine it with other varieties of fertilizers and acquire complex fertilizer with the high content of basic nutrients—nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The most disadvantages of such sorts of fertilizers are their high hygroscopicity, caking and therefore the increased requirements for fire and explosion safety.
For More Details, Click Here:-
https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profile/4848/npk-fertilizer-calcium-ammonium-nitrate.html
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall ST,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
1 k to 12 Lesson Plan in Agriculture 5Rolando Cada
K TO 12 LESSON PLAN IN AGRICULTURE 5
Lesson No. 1
Inihanda ni: ROLANDO S. CADA
1.1 Natatalakay ang pakinabang sa pagtatanim ng halamang gulay sa sarili, pamilya, at pamayanan (EPP5AG-0a-1)
Presentaion consits of basic idea about the treatment process of the w//w, mainly come from fertilizer industris. Introduction,m types of fertilizers, layout and procees of synthesis includerelevant information about topic.On every unique as well as efficient process for effective reducton of C.O.D and NH3-N. Details of pre as well as post procees effect on every stream is giveing the importance to process importance.
Description of Effluent treatment plant ,its process,types of waste water discharge , Regulations And Guideline Overview , Designing of ETP , special test for tretment of water , etc
ORGANIC FARMING : COMMON ORGANIC MANURES SMGsajigeorge64
A brief account of common organic manures - Bone meal, cow dung, poultry wastes, oil cakes, organic mixtures, compost and vermicompost, vermiwash , advantages and disadvantages of composting & vermicomposting.
According to a conservative estimate, around 800 to 1000 Mt of agricultural wastes available in India every year, but most of it is not used properly. We must convert this waste into wealth by mobilizing all biomass in bioenergy and supply nutrients to the soil.
Agricultural waste -
1.Reduce indiscriminate disposal or burning of waste products which cause both soil, water and air pollution.
2. can maintaining the fertility of the soil
3.Conversion of all forms of vegetable and animal waste into organic matter suitable for the needs of the growing crop.
4.Can help the farmer to increase their socio-economic and also country income
5.Able to reduce the cost of animal feeding
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 2
WHAT IS A FERTILISER?
• A fertilizer is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soils
or to plant tissues (usually leaves) to supply one or more plant
nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
• NPK- NITROGEN PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM
• Natural Fertilizer- Organic fertilizer
Synthetic Fertilizer- Chemical fertilizer
WHY DO PLANTS NEED FERTILISERS?
Plants need to be fertilizers because most soil does not provide the essential
nutrients required for optimum growth.
EXAMPLE-
3. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 3
Nitrogen
• Helps in making the proteins
• Helps in producing new tissues
• Growth may be stunted
• Its deficiency also causes yellowing of leaves
Phosphorous
• Stimulates root growth,
• Helps the plant set buds and flowers,
• Improves vitality and increases seed size.
4. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 4
Potassium
• Improves overall vigor of the plant.
• It helps the plants make carbohydrates and
• Provides disease resistance.
• It also helps to regulate metabolic activities.
• Its deficiency leads to formation of spots on leaves and fruits
• transfer energy from one part of the plant to another.
• To absorb phosphorous, most plants require a soil pH of 6.5 to 6.8
• Organic matter and the activity of soil organisms also increase the
availability of phosphorus.
5. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 5
The micronutrients are also essential .
Example—
• Calcium – used by cell membrane to neutralize toxic materials.
• Also helps in improving strength
• Helps to bind organic and inorganic particles together.
• Magnesium – helps in making chlorophyll .
• Sulphur – helps in making proteins
• Other micronutrients are – Boron , copper , iron .
7. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 7
PRODUCTION -----
Raw Materials
• Primary fertilizers include substances derived from nitrogen, phosphorus,
and potassium. Various raw materials are used to produce these
compounds.
• When ammonia is used as the nitrogen source in a fertilizer, one method
of synthetic production requires the use of natural gas and air.
• The phosphorus component is made using sulfur, coal, and phosphate
rock.
• The potassium source comes from potassium chloride, a primary
component of potash.
8. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 8
• Secondary nutrients are added to some fertilizers to help make them
more effective.
• Calcium is obtained from limestone, which contains calcium
carbonate and others such as calcium sulphate, calcium magnesium
carbonate.
• The magnesium source in fertilizers is derived from dolomite.
• Sulfur is another material that is mined and added to fertilizers.
• Other mined materials include iron from ferrous sulfate, copper, and
boron from boron oxide
10. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 10
PHOSPHOROUS FERTILISER PRODUCTION PROCESS-
11. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 11
POTASSIUM FERTILISER PRODUCTION PROCESSES-
12. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 12
To produce fertilizer in the most usable form, each of the different compounds,
are granulated and blended together.
Granulating
Granulation is the act or process of forming or crystallizing into grains. Granules
typically have a size range between 0.2 and 4.0 mm depending on their
subsequent use.
Granulation is carried out for various reasons, one of which is to prevent the
segregation of the constituents of powder mix. Segregation is due to differences
in the size or density of the component of the mix.
• One method of granulation involves putting the solid materials into a rotating
drum which has an inclined axis.
13. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 13
• As the drum rotates, pieces of the solid fertilizer take on small spherical
shapes. They are passed through a screen that separates out adequately sized
particles. A coating of inert dust is then applied to the particles, keeping each
one discrete and inhibiting moisture retention.
•
• Finally, the particles are dried, completing the granulation process.
Blending
The different types of particles are blended together in appropriate
proportions to produce a composite fertilizer.
The blending is done in a large mixing drum that rotates a specific number of
turns to produce the best mixture possible.
After mixing, the fertilizer is emptied onto a conveyor belt, which transports it
to the bagging machine.
15. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 15
Bagging
Fertilizers are typically supplied to farmers in large bags.
To fill these bags the fertilizer is first delivered into a large hopper.
An appropriate amount is released from the hopper into a bag that is held
open by a clamping device.
The bag is on a vibrating surface, which allows better packing. When filling is
complete, the bag is transported upright to a machine that seals it closed.
The bag is then conveyed to a palletizer, which stacks multiple bags, readying
them for shipment to distributors and eventually to farmers.
16. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 16
Quality Control
• To ensure the quality of the fertilizer that is produced, manufacturers monitor
the product at each stage of production.
• Some of the characteristics that are tested include pH, appearance, density,
and melting point.
• Since fertilizer production is governmentally regulated, composition analysis
tests are run on samples to determine total nitrogen content, phosphate
content, and other elements affecting the chemical composition.
17. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 17
Byproducts/Waste
• Much of the fertilizer is washed into surrounding bodies of water or filters
into the groundwater. This has added significant amounts of nitrates to the
water that is consumed by the public.
• Some medical studies have suggested that certain disorders of the urinary
and kidney systems are a result of excessive nitrates in drinking water.
• It is also thought that this is particularly harmful for babies and could even
be potentially carcinogenic.
• When nitrite ions are ingested, they can get into the bloodstream. There,
they bond with hemoglobin, a protein that is responsible for storing oxygen.
• When a nitrite ion binds with hemoglobin, it loses its ability to store
oxygen, resulting in serious health problems.
18. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 18
• Nitrosamines are another potential byproduct of the nitrates in fertilizer.
They are the result of a natural chemical reaction of nitrates.
• Nitrosamines have been shown to cause tumors in laboratory animals,
feeding the fear that the same could happen in humans.
19. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 19
WASTES
Variety of wastes are discharged from the Fertilizer plant as water pollutants
while
1. Processing chemicals like Sulphuric acid
2. Process intermediate like Ammonium, Phosphoric and etc.
3. Final products like urea, Ammonium sulphate, Ammonium phosphate etc.
• In addition to the above, oil bearing wastes from compressor houses of
ammonia and urea plants, some portion of the cooling water and the wash
water from the scrubbing towers, for the purification of gases, also come as
waste.
• Both alkaline and acidic wastes are also expected from the boiler feed water
treatment plant, the wastes being generated during the regeneration of anion
and cation exchanger units.
• Additional pollutants like phenol and cyanide will be introduced in the list of
pollutants in the fertilizer plant
20. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 20
TREATMENT OF WASTES-
Major pollutants in the fertilizers waste water for which the treatment is necessary
include oil, arsenic, ammonia, urea, phosphate and fluoride.
• Oil is removed in a gravity separator
• Arsenic containing waste is segregated and after its concentration the solid waste is
disposed off in a safe place.
• Phosphate and fluoride bearing wastes are also segregated and chemically
coagulated by lime.
Several alternatives are there for the treatment of Ammonia bearing wastes
1. Steam stripping
2. Air stripping in towers
3. Lagooning after pH adjustment
4. Biological nitrification and denitrification
21. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 21
• Biological nitrification involves oxidation of Ammonia to nitrate via nitrite
under aerobic condition, this followed by the denitrification of the nitrified
effluent under anaerobic condition, in which gaseous N2and N2O is the end
product and is released to the atmosphere. The denitrification requires
addition of some quantity of carbonaceous matter in the reactor.
• If urea removal is required the urea containing wastes must be retained for a
sufficiently long time in an earthen lagoon to allow it to decompose first to
ammonia
22. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 22
THE LEADING COMPANIES –
1. Coromandel International Ltd.
2. Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals Ltd.
3. Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Ltd.
4. Chambal Fertilizers & Chemical Ltd.
5. National Fertilizers Ltd.
6. Fertilizers & Chemicals Travancore Ltd.
7. Deepak Fertilizers & Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd.
8. IIFCO
9. Zuari Agro Chemicals Ltd.
10. Liberty Phosphate Ltd.
23. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 23
Biofertiliser
Help in fixing atmospheric nitrogen when suitable crops are inoculated .
• Bacterias that help to produce biofertilisers are-
Rhizobium, Azotobacter, PSB, Azospirillium and Acetobacter.
• The biofertilisers are sold through cooperative societies and also distributed to
the farmers as one of the component of Critical Input Package (CIP) to
promote integrated use of nutrients.
25. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 25
ADVANTAGES
• Low cost
• Effective
• Environment friendly
• Renewable source of plant nutrients
• Add nutrients to soil
• Increase fertility and crop production
26. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 26
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
• The Fertilizer Association of India
• International Fertilizer Industry Association
• International Fertilizer Development Center
• Fertilizer advisory , Development and Information network for Asia and the Pacific
• Fertilizer Market Bulletin
• The World Bank Group
• Food and Agriculture Organization of UN
27. ABHINANDINI DAS ( 00920705613) ENE-5TH SEM 27
The Future
Fertilizer research is currently focusing
• on reducing the harmful environmental impacts
• finding new, less expensive sources of fertilizers
• to make fertilizers more environmentally
• New sources of fertilizers are also being investigated. It has been found that
sewage sludge contains many of the nutrients that are needed for a good
fertilizer.