Here are the answers to your seatwork questions:
1. Fertilizer is any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin, which is added to the soil to supply certain elements essential to plant growth.
2. The macroelements are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) or NPK. These are usually taken from the soil, air and water in sufficient amount.
3. The macroelements (N, P, K) are required in larger quantities by plants compared to the microelements. Providing adequate macroelements is crucial for plant growth, yield and quality.
4. Nitrogen stimulates growth of leaves and stems. It is applied
Definition and introduction of fertilizer use efficiency , Causes for Low and Declining Crop Response to Fertilizers and FUE.Methods to increase fertilizer use efficiency.
Principles of fertilizer application by vijay ambastVijay Ambast
- Basic Principles of Fertilizer Application.
- Soil is the principle source of other nutrients.
- Primary nutrients(nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) are used in relatively large amounts by plants, and often are supplemented as fertilizers.
Definition and introduction of fertilizer use efficiency , Causes for Low and Declining Crop Response to Fertilizers and FUE.Methods to increase fertilizer use efficiency.
Principles of fertilizer application by vijay ambastVijay Ambast
- Basic Principles of Fertilizer Application.
- Soil is the principle source of other nutrients.
- Primary nutrients(nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) are used in relatively large amounts by plants, and often are supplemented as fertilizers.
FERTILIZER CALCULATIONS AND PREPARATION OF NPK STOCK SOLUTIONS.
Read this detailed explanation of how to calculation fertilizers content, and convert amount of nutrient to amount of fertilizers. All you needed to know in order to feed your plants properly.
www.haifa-group.com
Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
Reclamation of saline-sodic soils
Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
Calcareous soil
Tillage is the manipulation of soil with tools & implements for loosening the surface crust & bringing about conditions favorable for the germination of seeds and the growth of crops.
soil condition resulting from tillage
good Tilth - soft, friable & properly aerated
crop emergence, establishment, growth and development
easy infiltration of water & are retentive of moisture for satisfactory growth of plants
To prepare the seed bed to a satisfactory level which promotes good germination and establishment of the seedlings
To control weeds and improve close plant-soil interaction in the rooting zone.
To loosen the soil for easy penetration and proliferation
To remove the other sprouting materials in the soil
To modify the soil temperature
To break hard soil pans and improve drainage facilities
To manage the plant residues by incorporating into the soil or to retain on the top layer to reduce erosion.
To improve the physical conditions of the soil
To harvest rain water easily and soil erosion can be minimised.
To establish specific surface configurations for sowing, irrigation, drainage, etc.
To incorporate and mix applied fertilizers and manures into the soil.
To destroy the eggs and larvae of insects and their breeding places.
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System is a new approach to interpreting leaf or plant analysis and a comprehensive system which identifies all the nutritional factors limiting crop production and increases the chances of obtaining high crop yields by improving fertilizer recommendations.
introduction about acidic soil and area distribution ,classification of acidic soil and source of acidic soil formation , characteristic of acid soil ,what are the impact on soil properties . Reclamation of acid soil , conclusion about acidic soil
FERTILIZER CALCULATIONS AND PREPARATION OF NPK STOCK SOLUTIONS.
Read this detailed explanation of how to calculation fertilizers content, and convert amount of nutrient to amount of fertilizers. All you needed to know in order to feed your plants properly.
www.haifa-group.com
Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
Reclamation of saline-sodic soils
Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
Calcareous soil
Tillage is the manipulation of soil with tools & implements for loosening the surface crust & bringing about conditions favorable for the germination of seeds and the growth of crops.
soil condition resulting from tillage
good Tilth - soft, friable & properly aerated
crop emergence, establishment, growth and development
easy infiltration of water & are retentive of moisture for satisfactory growth of plants
To prepare the seed bed to a satisfactory level which promotes good germination and establishment of the seedlings
To control weeds and improve close plant-soil interaction in the rooting zone.
To loosen the soil for easy penetration and proliferation
To remove the other sprouting materials in the soil
To modify the soil temperature
To break hard soil pans and improve drainage facilities
To manage the plant residues by incorporating into the soil or to retain on the top layer to reduce erosion.
To improve the physical conditions of the soil
To harvest rain water easily and soil erosion can be minimised.
To establish specific surface configurations for sowing, irrigation, drainage, etc.
To incorporate and mix applied fertilizers and manures into the soil.
To destroy the eggs and larvae of insects and their breeding places.
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System is a new approach to interpreting leaf or plant analysis and a comprehensive system which identifies all the nutritional factors limiting crop production and increases the chances of obtaining high crop yields by improving fertilizer recommendations.
introduction about acidic soil and area distribution ,classification of acidic soil and source of acidic soil formation , characteristic of acid soil ,what are the impact on soil properties . Reclamation of acid soil , conclusion about acidic soil
All about fertilizers - Case study of Pakistan Asma Akbar
The slides explain the context for need of fertilizers for plants and then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of organic and inorganic fertilizers followed by detailed case study of Pakistan
Fertilizers
The term fertilizer refers to commercially manufactured inorganic materials either dry or liquid, which are added to the soil to supply essential plant nutrients. There are different types of fertilizers available.
1. Nitrogenous 2. Phosphatic 3. Potassic 4. Complex and 5. Mixed fertilizers.
Simple Fertilizers or Straight Fertilizers
Fertilizers containing only one plant nutrient is called as nitrogenous fertilizers – contain ‘N’ alone (eg) urea. Phosphatic fertilizers – contain phosphorus alone (eg) super phosphate. Potassic fertilizers – contain potassium alone (eg) Muriate of potash.
Complex Fertilizers
Fertilizers are containing two or more primary nutrients (N, P &K).
Eg. Di-ammonium phosphate contains N and P nutrient
Incomplete Complex Fertilizers
Fertilizers containing only two of the primary nutrients are called incomplete complex fertilizers.
Mixed Fertilizers
Individual straight fertilizer materials are mechanically mixed together to permit application in the field in one operation. They supply two or three major plant nutrients. The percentage of nutrients present in the mixture is expressed as fertilizer grade like 10-5-5 NPK.
Micronutrients
Plant nutrients required in minute quantities but considered essential are called micronutrients or trace elements or minor elements (eg.) Zinc Sulphate.
Basal Application or Basal Dressing
Application of fertilizers to the soil entirely or in part of the total requirement at the time of sowing or planting is called basal application.
Top Dressing
Application of fertilizers to the crop during the growth period in specific stages.
Smartness and good order in camping
Camping is a training
Camping is involving
Camping is supporting
What to do during Camping
What not to do during camping
Asexual propagation
Types of asexual propagation
Advantages of asexual propagation
Methods of Grafting
Characteristics of good scion and good rootstock
Procedure or steps in cleft grafting
tool and materials in grafting
Consideration in preparing the scion
How to select a scion
the importance of auxin and cambium
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Fertilizer
Fertilizer is any organic or inorganic
material of natural or synthetic origin,
which is added to the soil to supply
certain elements essential to plant
growth. Fertilizers are used to
increase the growth rate, yield, and
quality or nutritive value of plants.
3. Macroelements Fertilizers
only three are usually taken from the
soil, air and water in sufficient amount.
These are the macro elements:
nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and
potassium (K2O) or NPK.
4. Microelements
The micro elements are sulfur, zinc,
molybdenum, copper, boron,
manganese, and magnesium.
5. Nitrogen (N)
Functions:
◦ Stimulates growth of the leaves and stems
◦ It gives dark green color to plant Deficiency symptoms:
◦ Pale yellow in color
◦ Lower leaves will die early
◦ Short and stunted plant
Excess of nitrogen causes the plant to lodge before booting which will
cause decrease in the yield of rice. If you observe the plants to be dar
green it is already prone to lodging. Do not apply nitrogenous fertilizer
anymore.
Sources of Nitrogen
Ammonium sulfate (21 – 0 – 0)
Ammonium phosphate (16 – 20 – 0) 3. Urea (46 – 0 – 0)
Organic fertilizer
Liquid fertilizer
6. Phosphorous (P)
Functions:
Encourages root growth
Hastens maturity of the plant
Helps in the production of seeds Deficiency
symptoms:
Not enough tillers per hill Sources:
Superphosphate (0-20-0)
Ammonium phosphate(16-20-0)
Triphosphate(0-45-0)
Complete fertilizer (14-14-14)
Liquid fertilizer
Organic fertilizer
7. Potassium (K)
Functions:
Increases the vigor of the plant.
Plant becomes more resistant to
disease.
Stalks become stronger.
Grains become bigger and plump.
Deficiency symptoms:
Plant growth, root development, and
seed development are usually reduced.
Sources:
1.Muriate of potash (0-0-60)
2.Complete fertilizer (14 – 14 – 14)
8. Kinds of fertilizer
1. Organic fertilizers are farm
manures, compost, crop residues, and
other farm wastes, which supply
nutrients and improve soil physical
conditions. They retain soil humidity
and improve the internal drainage of
the soil. It improves the physical
make-up of the soil making the soil
porous and rich in organic matter.
9. ◦ Animal manure. Animal manures are
especially valuable in crop production. In
addition as plant food, they supply large
amounts of organic matter to the soil. The
composition depends chiefly on the kind
of manure and the condition of their
storage. Well-decomposed manure is
better than fresh. These are main
components in composting and vermi-
composting.
10. Average Chemical Composition
of Manures
Manure Type Moisture% Composition %
N P K Ca Mg
Cattle Fresh
Decomposed
79.9
71.4
2.06
2.41
0.66
0.75
0.77
0.88
0.70
0.88
0.16
0.12
Carabao Fresh
Decomposed
71.0
67.8
1.22
1.09
0.85
0.82
0.79
0.70
0.15
0.19
0.09
-
Swine Fresh
Decomposed
73.8
70.5
2.76
2.11
2.64
2.41
1.47
0.97
1.26
0.35
0.09
0.04
Poultry Fresh
Decomposed
82.2
44.6
3.17
3.17
3.25
3.29
2.35
2.41
0.52
0.65
0.25
0.37
11. Green manures are green growing plants
that are plowed under. Leguminous plants
are mainly used for this purpose due to
their capacity to produce nutrients in their
root nodules. Upon decomposition,
nutrients become available to new crops
grown in the area. Green manure supplies
the crop its needed nutrients like nitrogen
and others.
12. ◦ Compost is an organic material consisting
of very fine, thoroughly decomposed
mixture of manure, plant parts, and other
organic matter. It contains mineral
elements needed for plant growth. It is
prepared by piling up animal manure, soil,
crop residues, lime or wood ashes. It
could also be produced through vermi-
composting using African night crawlers
(ANC) worms which produce cast which is
a very good source of organic material.
13. 2. Inorganic (chemical) fertilizers)
usually result from chemical
processes such as sulfuric acid
treatment or rock phosphate to
produce superphosphate. It consists
of materials processed or transformed
into a chemical material or fertilizer.
14. Types of fertilizer based on the
fertilizer element present
Single element fertilizer contains only
one of the major fertilizer elements.
Examples: Ammonium sulfate, urea,
and superphosphate
Incomplete fertilizer contains only two
major elements like ammophos
(nitrogen and phosphorus).
Complete fertilizer contains the three
primary plant food elements: nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium.
16. How is soil nutrients lost from the
soil?
1. Consumed by crops
2. Loss of nutrients through surface
run-off
3. Loss of nutrients through leaching
4. Soil erosion
18. Fertilizer application
WHEN TO APPLY FERTILIZER
Basal Application. Right before the last
harrowing, one or two days before
transplanting, drain all water from the field
and apply 1/2 of the recommended nitrogen
(N), all the phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)
depending on the variety used and the age of
seedlings when transplanted. It will be best to
use a combination of organic and inorganic
fertilizers in the basal application using 10
bags of organic fertilizer per hectare together
with the ½ recommended rate of inorganic
fertilizer
19. Top dress. Timely application of top
dress fertilizer is very important to
supply the needed nutrients for
healthy and long panicle. Apply or
broadcast the remaining nitrogen 5 –7
days before panicle initiation or 70 –
72 days before maturity.
20. Foliar Application. Different brands
of foliar fertilizer have different
composition but the method and
timing of application are the same.
Start application 45 days after
transplanting at 10 – 14 days interval.
Refer to the table below for the
direction
21. Correct Amount of Fertilizer to
be Applied
In computing the right amount of fertilizers to be applied
in a given area, make use of the result of soil analysis
and the recommended rate of application of fertilizers. It
requires the ability to compute for the fertilizer need in a
given crop per unit area. One way of expressing
fertilizer rate is by kilogram nitrogen (N) phosphoric
acid (P2O5) and kilogram soluble potassium (K2O) per
hectare. Another way is by bags of the fertilizer material
per hectare. For farmers it is advisable to use the latter
but for extension men, the former is used to facilitate
communication.
The amount of fertilizer to be applied per hectare to
supply a certain amount of plant nutrient depends on
the recommended rate and composition of the fertilizer
material to be used.
22. Fertilizer Computation
Formula:
Formula # 1
Weight of fertilizer material= Recommended rate x
100
% nutrient of the fertilizer material
Formula # 2
Number of fertilizer bags = Weight of nutrient
Weight of nutrient per bag
23. Seatwork (Jan.4,2023)
1. What is Fertilizer?
2. What are the Macroelements
3. Why is it important to provide
Macroelements to plants than the
microelements?
4. When to apply Nitrogen to plant?
5. When to apply Phosphorous?
6. When to apply potassium?
24. 7. What are the microelements?
8. What are the methods of Fertilizer
application?
9. What are the Kinds of Fertilizer?
10. When is the best time to apply
fertilizer?
11. How fertilizer lost from the soil?
12. Fertilizer computation
