Medicinal plants and their role in e economic development A Presentation By M...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Medicinal plants and their role in e economic development A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Short training Course on "Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Boon for Enterprise development March 24th to 26th March 2017 at PFI Peshawar
Medicinal plants and their role in e economic development A Presentation By M...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Medicinal plants and their role in e economic development A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Short training Course on "Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Boon for Enterprise development March 24th to 26th March 2017 at PFI Peshawar
Challenges in herbal formulation
Steps in herbal drug formulation
Types of conventional herbal formulations
Liquid herbal dosage forms
Solid herbal dosage forms
Other herbal dosage forms
Novel dosage form
Herbal Drug Technology (B.Pharm. 6th Semester)
Definition of herbs, herbal medicine, herbal medicinal product, herbal drug preparation
Source of herbs, Selection, identification and authentication of herbal materials,
Processing of herbal raw material
Definition of drug interaction, potential of herb-drug interactions,significance of study of herb-drug interactions, reasons for their study, types according to ayurveda, effects & different ways of herb-drug interactions, their mechanism, hypericum, kava lava, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, garlic, pepper, ephedra.
General Introduction to Herbal Industry:Herbs are those remedial agents which are created by nature for curing human
illness. Herbal extracts have been used since ancient times in traditional medicine. This system
of medicine (Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha) is 5000 year old recommends a combination of
lifestyle management and treatment with specific herbs and minerals to cure various diseases.
Approximately 1250 Indian medicinal plants are being used to formulate beneficial measures
according to Ayurveda. WHO define Traditional herbal medicines as naturally occurring, plant
derived substances with minimal or no industrial processing that have been used to treat illness
within local or regional healing practices. Traditional herbal medicine and their preparations
have been widely used for the thousands of years in developing and developed countries due to
its natural origin and lesser side effects. These medicines initially used in the form of crude drugs
such as tinctures, teas, poultices, powders, and other herbal formulations.
BIODYANAMIC AGRICULTURE
It is a type of agriculture technique, where farm is considered as living entity, where sustainable, ecological methods are used for soil fertility, plant growth, and livestock care.
It includes
various concepts drawn from the ideas of Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925)
Use of manure and compost which are prepared ecologically.
Sustainable agriculture is capable of maintaining its productivity and usefulness to human for long period of time.
Challenges in herbal formulation
Steps in herbal drug formulation
Types of conventional herbal formulations
Liquid herbal dosage forms
Solid herbal dosage forms
Other herbal dosage forms
Novel dosage form
Herbal Drug Technology (B.Pharm. 6th Semester)
Definition of herbs, herbal medicine, herbal medicinal product, herbal drug preparation
Source of herbs, Selection, identification and authentication of herbal materials,
Processing of herbal raw material
Definition of drug interaction, potential of herb-drug interactions,significance of study of herb-drug interactions, reasons for their study, types according to ayurveda, effects & different ways of herb-drug interactions, their mechanism, hypericum, kava lava, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, garlic, pepper, ephedra.
General Introduction to Herbal Industry:Herbs are those remedial agents which are created by nature for curing human
illness. Herbal extracts have been used since ancient times in traditional medicine. This system
of medicine (Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha) is 5000 year old recommends a combination of
lifestyle management and treatment with specific herbs and minerals to cure various diseases.
Approximately 1250 Indian medicinal plants are being used to formulate beneficial measures
according to Ayurveda. WHO define Traditional herbal medicines as naturally occurring, plant
derived substances with minimal or no industrial processing that have been used to treat illness
within local or regional healing practices. Traditional herbal medicine and their preparations
have been widely used for the thousands of years in developing and developed countries due to
its natural origin and lesser side effects. These medicines initially used in the form of crude drugs
such as tinctures, teas, poultices, powders, and other herbal formulations.
BIODYANAMIC AGRICULTURE
It is a type of agriculture technique, where farm is considered as living entity, where sustainable, ecological methods are used for soil fertility, plant growth, and livestock care.
It includes
various concepts drawn from the ideas of Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925)
Use of manure and compost which are prepared ecologically.
Sustainable agriculture is capable of maintaining its productivity and usefulness to human for long period of time.
Impact of Organic & Inorganic Fertilizers on Agricultureiqraakbar8
It often result in degradation of natural resources, releasing contaminants into soil, air, and water which directly impact human health. Inorganic fertilizers are subjected to easy breakdown in soil compared to organic manures and, therefore, easily contaminate soil, water, and air.
ORGANIC FARMING : COMMON ORGANIC MANURES SMGsajigeorge64
A brief account of common organic manures - Bone meal, cow dung, poultry wastes, oil cakes, organic mixtures, compost and vermicompost, vermiwash , advantages and disadvantages of composting & vermicomposting.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. WHAT MEANS ORGANIC FARMING?
Is a form of agriculture which excludes
- Use of synthetic fertilizers
- Use of pesticides
- Use of plant growth regulators
- Use of genetically modified organisms
ORGANIC FARMING
ORGANIC FARMING
ORGANIC FARMING
3. WHAT IS BIODYNAMIC FARMING ??
• It’s a holistic understanding of agricultural farming
that treats soil fertility, plant growth and livestock
care of ecologically interrelated tasks.
• It emphasizes the use of composts and inputs made
from the various herbal and mineral raw materials
excluding the use of artificial chemicals in soils and
plants.
4.
5. Cont…
• Emphasizes on integrating farm animals, the
use of astronomical sowing and planting
calendar.
• It is one of the first sustainable Agricultural
movement ; produces a living soil and healthy
plants as a result of coordinated work of
earthly and cosmic energies.
6. • Biodynamic farms aim to become self-sufficient
• Use of Biodynamic compost
• The health of the vineyard is improved using biodynamic preparations (these preparations
are made out of quartz, cow manure and well known medicinal herbs as yarrow, dandelion,
chamomile, valerian, nettle, stinging nettle and oak
• An astronomical calendar to organize the work at the field.
• Another unique aspect of biodynamic agriculture is the attention paid to the influences and
rhythms of the sun, moon and planets.
BIODYNAMIC FARMING vs ORGANIC FARMING
7. History
• Founded by Rudolph Steiner
• Began in 1924
• This was a series of 8 lectures given by Dr. Steiner; in response to the
request by farmers who noticed degraded soil conditions and quality
of crops from the use of chemical fertilizers.
8. • Nutrient depletion and erosion of topsoil
• Soil compaction and decreased water holding capacity
• Overuse of chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, and
fertilizers
• Pesticide resistant insects
• Reduced genetic diversity due to genetic uniformity of crops
• Groundwater contamination due to sediments, salts,
fertilizers, pesticides, and manures
• Increasing costs of production
• Toxic residues found on foods
Reasons for taking up this practice :
9. NECESSARY ELEMENTS of Bio dynamic farming
Soil
To produce healthy, vital plants, one must concentrate mainly on the
structure and the life of the soil.
the nutrients, the trace elements, the microorganisms, the worms and other
animals present in the soil.
Organic matter
In order to create this balanced, living soil, what is required is skilful use
of organic matter.
This is done by building compost heaps and using the Biodynamic
compost preparations.
10. Bio dynamic farming - components
Humus
This mysterious, magical substance supports life and is the carrier of all that the plants need to
grow.
It holds the fertility of the soil in a stable way, and retains water.
Humus is completely digested crude organic matter: rich, dark, and moist with a fresh odour.
This is the base for building up the soil and fostering its formation should be the first priority
when converting to Biodynamic farming.
11. Cow manure
Cow dung is special because of the lengthy digestion process of the cow which
adds much beneficial bacteria to the substance. It is used in building the compost
heaps as a starter and for its nitrogen content and in preparing the Biodynamic
preparations.
Bio dynamic farming - components
12.
13. There are 2 preparations that have to be done and 1 calendar that has to be
maintained:
1. Two field sprays
2. Compost preparation
3. Moon planting calendar – This is a correlation between different parts of the
plant, the cycles of the moon and an astrological chart.
Biodynamic Preparations
14. These preparations were given by Dr Steiner -
• Two field sprays - sprayed directly on the soil or the plants - numbered 500 and
501
• Six preparations - includes mixture of Herbs to be used when making compost -
numbered 502 to 507.
[BD – 500 work in the roots of the plants
BD 501 –sprayed onto the leaves]
Bio dynamic farming - preparations
15. Figure 1 : Preparation from herbs
Figure 2 : The Cosmos
Figure 3: Field Sprayer
17. Two Groups:
First group - 6 different herbal substances - 502-507.
Second group - 500 and 501.
BD 500 - Cow horn manure
Materials
• fermented cow dung - buried in Sept./Nov and lifted in Feb/March.
• Cow horns
• Fresh cow dung from a lactating cow.
• Average 50-150 gms dung/horn (depends on horn size)
18. Preparation process
Collecting dung.
Burial pit: 18 inches deep.
Collect cow horns.
Collect fresh dung.
Fill cow horns with cow dung.
Place horns in burial pit, 1 inch apart with base downwards, surround
with 50% compost and soil.
19. Preparation cont ..
Keep burial pit soil moist and shaded.
Check for dung fermentation.
Green cow dung has turned into dark, smooth earthy smelling humus (BD
500) they are ready to be lifted
Application :
Spray 4 times a year
20. Effect/result
• Promotes root activity
• Stimulates/increases soil micro-life
• Regulates lime and nitrogen
• Helps to release trace elements
• Increases germination
21. BD 501 Cow horn silica
Materials
Cow horn
Silica quartz crystal – should be clear and well formed.
Preparation process
Crush silica quartz using a pounding rod, a mortar and pestle, or
hammer
Grind to a fine powder between 2 plate glasses
22. Procedure Cont ..
Ensure that the quartz dust is not inhaled as it could lead to
silicosis
Moisten with water to make a stiff paste
Fill horns with the silica paste
Bury horns in soil pit, 1 inch apart with base downwards, surround
with 50% compost
23. Application process
Apply 501 only after one or two applications of BD 500.
Spray the plants using a low-pressure sprayer
Effect/result
Enhances light metabolism, photosynthesis and chlorophyll
Helps to improve color, aroma, flavor and keeping quality of
plants
25. USE OF COMPOST PREPARATIONS:
These preparations are made of well-
known medicinal herbs. The goals of the
biodynamic preparations are:
• Increasing the soil life, to set in motion
a virtuous circle of a self-nourishing
vineyard.
• Balancing the plant in its environment.
• Preventing diseases by promoting plant
health and natural defenses.
BIODYNAMIC FARMING
28. NEW MOON & FULL MOON INFLUENCES
• In the 48 hours leading up to the full moon there appears a distinct
increase in the moisture content of the earth. The growth forces of
the plants seems to be enhanced.
• During full moon period there is quick seed germination,, fast
plant growth, and a rapid regrowth of any cut or pruned vegetation.
29. ASCENDING and DESCENDING parts of the MOON
• In ascending period, size of moon increases and earth breathes out. This
period is meant for growth activities of above ground parts. During this
the SAP FLOW in plants is more which strengthens the plant parts.
• In descending part, size of moon decreases and earth breathes in. During
this, underground parts are activated more.
31. Advantages of Biodynamic Agriculture
• Good for the Environment
• Improvement in Soil Quality
• Healthier for the Consumer
• Higher Annual Yields
• Total Elimination of Toxic Chemicals
• Reductions in Energy Use
• Increase in Nutrients and Richness & water holding
capacity
32. Study on the Quality of Two Soil Samples
Left: Original degraded soil
Right: Soil after two years of Biodynamic farming
33. Study of the Effect of Soil Quality on Plants
grown under different conditions
• Left: control plant
• Center: with chemical fertilizers
• Right: in Biodynamic soil
34. Research
• “Study conducted to compare organic, biodynamic, integrated,
and conventional broadacre farming systems for attributes of
sustainability”11
• Conducted in 1989 and spanned a 6 year period
• Took place at Roseworthy campus in Australia
• Methods:
• Monitored indicators such as soil physical, chemical, and biological changes,
product quality, economics, crop water usage, and energy requirements
• Results for the biodynamic farming system:
• Biodynamic treatment had the highest gross margins
• Available P levels declined 12%
• Weed management the main problem for increasing production levels
35. Economics
Costs and Yields Biodynamic Farm Conventional Farm
Expenses for fertilizers or
materials for
preparations and straw
(DM/ha/year)
7.70 147.00
Yields: Grains
(kg/ha/year)
3600 2900
Hectares per Worker 10.80 9.70
Income per Hectare (DM) 1800.00 1111.00
Income per worker per
year (DM)
18750.00 10760.00
Table 5: Farming costs and yields: Conventional
and biodynamic7
36. REFERENCES
Agritech.tnau.ac.in
Steve Diver.1999. Biodynamic farming &compost preparation. ATTRA is a
project of the National Center for Appropriate Technology
Corrin, George. 1960. Handbook on Composting and the Bio-Dynamic
prepaartion. Bio-Dynamic Agricultural Association. 32p.
