Nanoparticles are small molecules with size ranging between 1-100nm. Basis of their classification is their properties shapes and size. These find usage in wide range of industries from agricultural, biomedical, environmental and food. There are numerous ways of producing these nanoparticles using chemicals and biological means. Use of various micro-organisms (biological process) is highly effective in producing high quality, toxin free and cost effective nanoparticles.
Bio synthesis of nano particles using bacteriaudhay roopavath
Bacteria can be used to biosynthesize nanoparticles through intracellular and extracellular methods. Intracellular synthesis occurs inside the cell, where bacteria reduce metal ions and deposit nanoparticles in locations like the periplasmic space. Extracellular synthesis involves enzymes secreted by bacteria reducing metal ions outside the cell and precipitating nanoparticles. Examples are given of bacteria producing silver, titanium, zinc sulfide and lead sulfide nanoparticles through extracellular and intracellular pathways. While a green approach, bacterial nanoparticle synthesis can be slow with difficulty controlling size, shape and crystallinity of particles.
The document discusses the synthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. It describes intracellular and extracellular synthesis methods. Intracellular synthesis involves accumulation of nanoparticles inside the cell, while extracellular synthesis uses cell secretions outside the cell. Specific examples provided include gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized using bacteria and fungi through reduction of metal ions. The nanoparticles have a variety of shapes and sizes in the 1-100 nm range and potential applications.
The document discusses various applications of nanotechnology in biomedical fields such as medicine and healthcare. It describes how nanotechnology can be used to develop targeted drug delivery systems, lab-on-chip devices for disease detection and diagnosis, bionanomaterials for medical applications, and nanoscale machines and sensors. It also discusses how nanotechnology enables more precise detection and treatment of diseases like cancer at the molecular level with fewer side effects.
This document summarizes self-assembly of DNA structures. It discusses how DNA can be used as a nanoscale building material through sticky ends, branches, and double crossover structures that allow strands to selectively bind. DNA tiles and origami are introduced, where tiles and helper strands are used to form two-dimensional crystalline assemblies and predefined shapes from a long scaffold strand. The ability of DNA to self-assemble through complementary base pairing allows for precise nanostructures to be designed and fabricated from DNA alone.
Protein based nanostructures for biomedical applications karoline Enoch
Proteins are kind of natural molecules that show unique
functionalities and properties in biological materials and
manufacturing feld. Tere are numerous nanomaterials
which are derived from protein, albumin, and gelatin. Tese
nanoparticles have promising properties like biodegradability, nonantigenicity, metabolizable, surface modifer, greater
stability during in vivo during storage, and being relatively
easy to prepare and monitor the size of the particles.
These particles have the ability to attach covalently with
drug and ligand
This document discusses nanoparticles, including their types, characterization, modes of action, and applications. Some key points include:
Nanoparticles range from 1-1000nm in size and have high surface area to volume ratios. Common types include nanotubes and quantum dots. Characterization techniques include spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and TEM. Nanoparticles have antimicrobial effects through reactive oxygen species production and cell membrane disruption. Applications include use in wound dressings, household products, and food/water purification to provide broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. Advantages are specific targeting and biodegradability while disadvantages include potential toxicity risks.
This document discusses nanobiosensors, which are biosensors on the nano-scale size. It describes their two main components - a biological recognition element and a transducer. Various types are covered, including those using enzymes, antibodies, cells, nucleic acids, and nanoparticles. Applications discussed include medical uses like glucose monitoring, as well as environmental monitoring and agricultural quality control. The future potential of nanobiosensors for early cancer detection is also mentioned.
Bio synthesis of nano particles using bacteriaudhay roopavath
Bacteria can be used to biosynthesize nanoparticles through intracellular and extracellular methods. Intracellular synthesis occurs inside the cell, where bacteria reduce metal ions and deposit nanoparticles in locations like the periplasmic space. Extracellular synthesis involves enzymes secreted by bacteria reducing metal ions outside the cell and precipitating nanoparticles. Examples are given of bacteria producing silver, titanium, zinc sulfide and lead sulfide nanoparticles through extracellular and intracellular pathways. While a green approach, bacterial nanoparticle synthesis can be slow with difficulty controlling size, shape and crystallinity of particles.
The document discusses the synthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. It describes intracellular and extracellular synthesis methods. Intracellular synthesis involves accumulation of nanoparticles inside the cell, while extracellular synthesis uses cell secretions outside the cell. Specific examples provided include gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized using bacteria and fungi through reduction of metal ions. The nanoparticles have a variety of shapes and sizes in the 1-100 nm range and potential applications.
The document discusses various applications of nanotechnology in biomedical fields such as medicine and healthcare. It describes how nanotechnology can be used to develop targeted drug delivery systems, lab-on-chip devices for disease detection and diagnosis, bionanomaterials for medical applications, and nanoscale machines and sensors. It also discusses how nanotechnology enables more precise detection and treatment of diseases like cancer at the molecular level with fewer side effects.
This document summarizes self-assembly of DNA structures. It discusses how DNA can be used as a nanoscale building material through sticky ends, branches, and double crossover structures that allow strands to selectively bind. DNA tiles and origami are introduced, where tiles and helper strands are used to form two-dimensional crystalline assemblies and predefined shapes from a long scaffold strand. The ability of DNA to self-assemble through complementary base pairing allows for precise nanostructures to be designed and fabricated from DNA alone.
Protein based nanostructures for biomedical applications karoline Enoch
Proteins are kind of natural molecules that show unique
functionalities and properties in biological materials and
manufacturing feld. Tere are numerous nanomaterials
which are derived from protein, albumin, and gelatin. Tese
nanoparticles have promising properties like biodegradability, nonantigenicity, metabolizable, surface modifer, greater
stability during in vivo during storage, and being relatively
easy to prepare and monitor the size of the particles.
These particles have the ability to attach covalently with
drug and ligand
This document discusses nanoparticles, including their types, characterization, modes of action, and applications. Some key points include:
Nanoparticles range from 1-1000nm in size and have high surface area to volume ratios. Common types include nanotubes and quantum dots. Characterization techniques include spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and TEM. Nanoparticles have antimicrobial effects through reactive oxygen species production and cell membrane disruption. Applications include use in wound dressings, household products, and food/water purification to provide broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. Advantages are specific targeting and biodegradability while disadvantages include potential toxicity risks.
This document discusses nanobiosensors, which are biosensors on the nano-scale size. It describes their two main components - a biological recognition element and a transducer. Various types are covered, including those using enzymes, antibodies, cells, nucleic acids, and nanoparticles. Applications discussed include medical uses like glucose monitoring, as well as environmental monitoring and agricultural quality control. The future potential of nanobiosensors for early cancer detection is also mentioned.
Use of Nanotechnology in Diagnosis and Treatment of CancerAnas Indabawa
The document discusses how nanotechnology can be used for cancer diagnosis and treatment. It describes several nanoscale devices such as nanopores, nanotubes, quantum dots, dendrimers, liposomes, nanoshells, and nanorobots that can help detect genetic mutations associated with cancer, target delivery of drugs to cancer cells, and enable non-invasive cancer diagnosis and treatment with localized heat therapy. The manipulation of matter at the nanoscale allows more precise cancer detection and targeted therapy with fewer side effects than traditional approaches.
DNA Nanotechnology: Concept and its Applications
DNA Nanotechnology # Various 2 and 3 dimensional shapes of DNA nanotechnology # DNA Origami # with their application and Future scope
Application of Biological Assemblies in NanoBiotechnology PPtZohaib HUSSAIN
The document discusses several applications of biological assemblies in nanobiotechnology. It describes how biological assemblies, such as hemoglobin, are the functional forms of molecules and can be used to build larger structures. It then discusses using drug nanocrystals to improve drug solubility and bioavailability. Next, it covers using nano-containers like liposomes for targeted drug delivery. The document also discusses using protein crystals called S-layers for nanolithography and peptide templates for controlling biomineralization. Finally, it discusses the potential of utilizing biomineralization principles in nanotechnology applications like tissue engineering.
This document discusses viral nanoparticles and their applications. It begins with an introduction to viruses and their structure. Viruses can be engineered as nanomachines through genetic engineering, bioconjugation, biomineralization, and encapsulation. Viral nanoparticles have applications in targeted drug delivery, vaccines, imaging, and plant disease management. Challenges include issues with purity, scaling up production, and structural complexity. Overall, viral nanoparticles show promise as biological nanocarriers for applications in biomedicine and agriculture due to their ability to be chemically and genetically modified to carry drugs, toxins, and targeting sequences.
This document discusses the potential applications of nanotechnology in microbiology. It begins by defining microbes and their size scale measured in microns. It then outlines several ways that nanotechnology can be used in microbiology, such as developing antimicrobial nanoparticles from materials like carbon, polymers, and metals to treat bacterial infections. The document also discusses characterization techniques for nanomaterials like transmission electron microscopy and describes some current applications of nanomaterials in areas like wound dressings, immune system modulation, and water disinfection. In conclusion, it emphasizes that nanotechnology research in microbiology is still limited in Palestine but has huge potential to be applied in many fields related to diagnostics, treatment, and infection control.
This document provides an overview of nanocomposite materials. It defines nanocomposites as materials with at least one component that has dimensions between 1-100 nm. Nanocomposites consist of inorganic or organic nanoparticles embedded in a matrix. They exhibit enhanced and unique properties compared to bulk materials due to quantum effects and high surface area. The document discusses various synthesis methods for nanomaterials and nanocomposites, as well as their advantages and limitations.
Introduction
Definition
History
Advantages of nanobiotechnology
Applications of nanobiotechnology
Drawback of nanobiotechnology
New features in the nanobiotechnology
Conclusion
References
Process design.cancer treatment using nanoparticles. pptHoang Tien
Nanoparticles show promise for improving cancer detection and treatment. They are small enough to enter cells and interact with DNA and proteins. Quantum dots and nanoshells can be used to detect cancer signatures. Nanoshells coated with cancer-targeting molecules can selectively heat and destroy cancer cells when exposed to near-infrared light, protecting healthy cells. While challenges remain around toxicity and delivery, nanoparticles may enable cheaper, less toxic cancer therapies compared to chemotherapy and improve outcomes.
The following presentation is only for quick reference. I would advise you to read the theoretical aspects of the respective topic and then use this presentation for your last minute revision. I hope it helps you..!!
Mayur D. Chauhan
introduction to Nanobiotechnology
what is nanotechnology
bionanotechnology
classical biotechnology industrial production using biological system
modern biotechnology from industrial processes to noval therapeutics
modern biotechnology immunological enzymatic and neucleic acid based technology
Dna based technology
self assembly and supramolecular chemistry
formation of ordered structure at nano scale
Buckyball is the common name for a molecule called Buckminsterfullerene.
which is made of 60 carbon atoms formed in the shape of a hollow ball.
British scientist Harry Kroto discovered it in 1985.
The arrangement of the atoms resembled the shape of the geodesic domes invented by architect Buckminster Fuller.
This document provides an introduction to nanobiotechnology, including its concepts, scope, applications, and future prospects. It defines nanobiotechnology as the combination of nanotechnology and biotechnology, manipulating matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nm) for biological applications. Examples of current applications include growing whole organs like bladders using stem cells, developing targeted cancer drug delivery, and creating polymers to detect metabolites. The future scope may include using molecular manufacturing to program nanobots for delicate surgeries and environmental repair like reconstructing the ozone layer. Overall, the document outlines how nanobiotechnology interfaces biology and nanoscale engineering.
Advances in Nanomaterial with Antimicrobial Activityendale Kebede
The document discusses advances in nanomaterials with antimicrobial activity. It provides an overview of the current state of research on various nanomaterials and their antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action. Specifically, it summarizes the antimicrobial mechanisms and applications of nano silver, gold, titanium dioxide, silicon, magnesium oxide, copper, and zinc oxide. It explains how these nanomaterials damage bacterial cell membranes, release toxic ions, interrupt electron transport, generate reactive oxygen species, and more to kill bacteria through a variety of pathways.
The document discusses various applications of nanotechnology in microbiology. It begins by defining nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nm. Some key applications discussed include using quantum dots for pathogen detection through fluorescence, using gold and silver nanoparticles in assays like sol particle immunoassays, and using magnetic nanoparticles in detection methods like magnetic relaxation switches that can detect as few as 5 viral particles. The document also discusses nanoparticle-based methods that enable faster, more sensitive detection of pathogens without sample preparation.
Nano ceramics and composites have a variety of applications due to their unique properties at the nanoscale. Nanoceramics are ceramics composed of nanoparticles produced using methods like sol-gel processing. They can be used in applications like medical technology and energy storage due to properties like strength and flexibility. Nanocomposites contain one material with at least one dimension below 100nm. Polymer nanocomposites improve mechanical properties and transparency through high surface area reinforcement. Common preparation methods include sol-gel and electrospinning. Potential applications include lightweight materials, sensors, and abrasion resistance.
The document discusses the Human Genome Project (HGP), including its goals, key milestones, and findings. It also examines some of the ethical, legal, and social issues raised by the HGP. In 3 sentences:
The HGP was an international scientific research project begun in 1990 that aimed to map and sequence the entire human genome. It was completed in 2003, revealing that the human genome contains over 3 billion DNA base pairs and around 30,000 genes. However, the HGP also raised important ethical questions around issues like privacy, ownership, justice, and the potential for discrimination.
The document describes a nanoparticle-based method for detecting enzyme activity using quantum dots. Specifically:
- Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions in the body, and abnormal enzyme activity can indicate disease. The method allows simple detection of enzyme activity.
- It uses quantum dots that fluoresce at one wavelength. When an enzyme modifies a substrate linked to the dots, a dye molecule emits at a different wavelength via FRET.
- By measuring the ratio of dye to dot fluorescence, the assay can quantify enzyme activity levels down to subnanomolar concentrations, comparable to current methods. It has potential applications in disease screening, drug development, and detecting other chemical changes.
This document discusses green synthesis of nanoparticles using biological methods. It describes how nanoparticles can be synthesized using plant extracts, agricultural waste, microorganisms and enzymes in an environmentally friendly way. This is advantageous over chemical and physical methods as it is cost-effective, produces non-toxic nanoparticles and does not require high temperature or pressure. Specific examples discussed include using bacteria to synthesize silver nanoparticles and controlling factors like pH and temperature to regulate nanoparticle size and shape during microbial synthesis. Overall, the document presents biological methods as a green alternative for nanoparticle production.
A REVIEW ON NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PLANT MEDIATED METAL NANOPARTICLES AND ITS APP...Sabrina Ball
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology and plant-mediated metal nanoparticles and their applications. It discusses how plants can be used to synthesize metal nanoparticles through the phytochemicals present in the plant extracts acting as capping and stabilizing agents. This biological method of nanoparticle synthesis is eco-friendly and non-toxic compared to physical and chemical methods. The document then reviews various types of nanomaterials including carbon-based nanomaterials like fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, and metal oxide nanoparticles like iron oxide, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide. It also discusses metal nanoparticles such as zero-valent iron and silver nanoparticles and their uses in areas like bioremediation, medicine, electronics and consumer products.
Use of Nanotechnology in Diagnosis and Treatment of CancerAnas Indabawa
The document discusses how nanotechnology can be used for cancer diagnosis and treatment. It describes several nanoscale devices such as nanopores, nanotubes, quantum dots, dendrimers, liposomes, nanoshells, and nanorobots that can help detect genetic mutations associated with cancer, target delivery of drugs to cancer cells, and enable non-invasive cancer diagnosis and treatment with localized heat therapy. The manipulation of matter at the nanoscale allows more precise cancer detection and targeted therapy with fewer side effects than traditional approaches.
DNA Nanotechnology: Concept and its Applications
DNA Nanotechnology # Various 2 and 3 dimensional shapes of DNA nanotechnology # DNA Origami # with their application and Future scope
Application of Biological Assemblies in NanoBiotechnology PPtZohaib HUSSAIN
The document discusses several applications of biological assemblies in nanobiotechnology. It describes how biological assemblies, such as hemoglobin, are the functional forms of molecules and can be used to build larger structures. It then discusses using drug nanocrystals to improve drug solubility and bioavailability. Next, it covers using nano-containers like liposomes for targeted drug delivery. The document also discusses using protein crystals called S-layers for nanolithography and peptide templates for controlling biomineralization. Finally, it discusses the potential of utilizing biomineralization principles in nanotechnology applications like tissue engineering.
This document discusses viral nanoparticles and their applications. It begins with an introduction to viruses and their structure. Viruses can be engineered as nanomachines through genetic engineering, bioconjugation, biomineralization, and encapsulation. Viral nanoparticles have applications in targeted drug delivery, vaccines, imaging, and plant disease management. Challenges include issues with purity, scaling up production, and structural complexity. Overall, viral nanoparticles show promise as biological nanocarriers for applications in biomedicine and agriculture due to their ability to be chemically and genetically modified to carry drugs, toxins, and targeting sequences.
This document discusses the potential applications of nanotechnology in microbiology. It begins by defining microbes and their size scale measured in microns. It then outlines several ways that nanotechnology can be used in microbiology, such as developing antimicrobial nanoparticles from materials like carbon, polymers, and metals to treat bacterial infections. The document also discusses characterization techniques for nanomaterials like transmission electron microscopy and describes some current applications of nanomaterials in areas like wound dressings, immune system modulation, and water disinfection. In conclusion, it emphasizes that nanotechnology research in microbiology is still limited in Palestine but has huge potential to be applied in many fields related to diagnostics, treatment, and infection control.
This document provides an overview of nanocomposite materials. It defines nanocomposites as materials with at least one component that has dimensions between 1-100 nm. Nanocomposites consist of inorganic or organic nanoparticles embedded in a matrix. They exhibit enhanced and unique properties compared to bulk materials due to quantum effects and high surface area. The document discusses various synthesis methods for nanomaterials and nanocomposites, as well as their advantages and limitations.
Introduction
Definition
History
Advantages of nanobiotechnology
Applications of nanobiotechnology
Drawback of nanobiotechnology
New features in the nanobiotechnology
Conclusion
References
Process design.cancer treatment using nanoparticles. pptHoang Tien
Nanoparticles show promise for improving cancer detection and treatment. They are small enough to enter cells and interact with DNA and proteins. Quantum dots and nanoshells can be used to detect cancer signatures. Nanoshells coated with cancer-targeting molecules can selectively heat and destroy cancer cells when exposed to near-infrared light, protecting healthy cells. While challenges remain around toxicity and delivery, nanoparticles may enable cheaper, less toxic cancer therapies compared to chemotherapy and improve outcomes.
The following presentation is only for quick reference. I would advise you to read the theoretical aspects of the respective topic and then use this presentation for your last minute revision. I hope it helps you..!!
Mayur D. Chauhan
introduction to Nanobiotechnology
what is nanotechnology
bionanotechnology
classical biotechnology industrial production using biological system
modern biotechnology from industrial processes to noval therapeutics
modern biotechnology immunological enzymatic and neucleic acid based technology
Dna based technology
self assembly and supramolecular chemistry
formation of ordered structure at nano scale
Buckyball is the common name for a molecule called Buckminsterfullerene.
which is made of 60 carbon atoms formed in the shape of a hollow ball.
British scientist Harry Kroto discovered it in 1985.
The arrangement of the atoms resembled the shape of the geodesic domes invented by architect Buckminster Fuller.
This document provides an introduction to nanobiotechnology, including its concepts, scope, applications, and future prospects. It defines nanobiotechnology as the combination of nanotechnology and biotechnology, manipulating matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nm) for biological applications. Examples of current applications include growing whole organs like bladders using stem cells, developing targeted cancer drug delivery, and creating polymers to detect metabolites. The future scope may include using molecular manufacturing to program nanobots for delicate surgeries and environmental repair like reconstructing the ozone layer. Overall, the document outlines how nanobiotechnology interfaces biology and nanoscale engineering.
Advances in Nanomaterial with Antimicrobial Activityendale Kebede
The document discusses advances in nanomaterials with antimicrobial activity. It provides an overview of the current state of research on various nanomaterials and their antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action. Specifically, it summarizes the antimicrobial mechanisms and applications of nano silver, gold, titanium dioxide, silicon, magnesium oxide, copper, and zinc oxide. It explains how these nanomaterials damage bacterial cell membranes, release toxic ions, interrupt electron transport, generate reactive oxygen species, and more to kill bacteria through a variety of pathways.
The document discusses various applications of nanotechnology in microbiology. It begins by defining nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nm. Some key applications discussed include using quantum dots for pathogen detection through fluorescence, using gold and silver nanoparticles in assays like sol particle immunoassays, and using magnetic nanoparticles in detection methods like magnetic relaxation switches that can detect as few as 5 viral particles. The document also discusses nanoparticle-based methods that enable faster, more sensitive detection of pathogens without sample preparation.
Nano ceramics and composites have a variety of applications due to their unique properties at the nanoscale. Nanoceramics are ceramics composed of nanoparticles produced using methods like sol-gel processing. They can be used in applications like medical technology and energy storage due to properties like strength and flexibility. Nanocomposites contain one material with at least one dimension below 100nm. Polymer nanocomposites improve mechanical properties and transparency through high surface area reinforcement. Common preparation methods include sol-gel and electrospinning. Potential applications include lightweight materials, sensors, and abrasion resistance.
The document discusses the Human Genome Project (HGP), including its goals, key milestones, and findings. It also examines some of the ethical, legal, and social issues raised by the HGP. In 3 sentences:
The HGP was an international scientific research project begun in 1990 that aimed to map and sequence the entire human genome. It was completed in 2003, revealing that the human genome contains over 3 billion DNA base pairs and around 30,000 genes. However, the HGP also raised important ethical questions around issues like privacy, ownership, justice, and the potential for discrimination.
The document describes a nanoparticle-based method for detecting enzyme activity using quantum dots. Specifically:
- Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions in the body, and abnormal enzyme activity can indicate disease. The method allows simple detection of enzyme activity.
- It uses quantum dots that fluoresce at one wavelength. When an enzyme modifies a substrate linked to the dots, a dye molecule emits at a different wavelength via FRET.
- By measuring the ratio of dye to dot fluorescence, the assay can quantify enzyme activity levels down to subnanomolar concentrations, comparable to current methods. It has potential applications in disease screening, drug development, and detecting other chemical changes.
This document discusses green synthesis of nanoparticles using biological methods. It describes how nanoparticles can be synthesized using plant extracts, agricultural waste, microorganisms and enzymes in an environmentally friendly way. This is advantageous over chemical and physical methods as it is cost-effective, produces non-toxic nanoparticles and does not require high temperature or pressure. Specific examples discussed include using bacteria to synthesize silver nanoparticles and controlling factors like pH and temperature to regulate nanoparticle size and shape during microbial synthesis. Overall, the document presents biological methods as a green alternative for nanoparticle production.
A REVIEW ON NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PLANT MEDIATED METAL NANOPARTICLES AND ITS APP...Sabrina Ball
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology and plant-mediated metal nanoparticles and their applications. It discusses how plants can be used to synthesize metal nanoparticles through the phytochemicals present in the plant extracts acting as capping and stabilizing agents. This biological method of nanoparticle synthesis is eco-friendly and non-toxic compared to physical and chemical methods. The document then reviews various types of nanomaterials including carbon-based nanomaterials like fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, and metal oxide nanoparticles like iron oxide, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide. It also discusses metal nanoparticles such as zero-valent iron and silver nanoparticles and their uses in areas like bioremediation, medicine, electronics and consumer products.
Biogenic– Biosynthesis Metallic Nanoparticles (MNPs) for Pharmacological, Bio...Al Baha University
In future, the biogenic– biosynthesis MNPs have wide perspective synthesis in healthcare, sustainable and renewable energy and
other commercial products. MNPs produced by nanotechnology have received global attention due to their extensive applications in
the biomedical and physiochemical fields. Biomolecules present in live plants, plant extracts and microorganisms such as: bacteria,
fungi, seaweeds, actinomycetes, algae and microalgae can be used to reduce metal ions to MNPs in a single-step and green synthesis
process. Biological green synthesis of MNPs has been always beneficial, more economical, energy efficient and eco-friendly approach,
which is free of toxic contaminates as required in therapeutic applications. The biosynthesis reduction of metal ion to base metal is
quite rapid, readily conducted at room temperature, pressure and easily scaled up.
The reducing agents involved include the various water-soluble plant metabolites (e.g. alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids,
flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and other nutritional compounds) and co-enzymes. The polysaccharides, proteins and lipids
present in the algal membranes act as capping agents and thus limit the use of non-biodegradable commercial surfactants, which are
difficult to remove after the synthesis of MNPs. Metallic nanoparticles viz. cobalt, copper, silver, gold, platinum, zirconium, palladium,
iron, cadmium and metal oxides such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, magnetite, etc. have been the particular focus of green biosynthesis.
Here we review the methods of making MNPs using plants extracts and microorganisms. Methods of particle characterization,
biomedical and environmental applications of MNPs are reviewed. In the near future, the application of clean, non-toxic, and ecofriendly
nanostructured material will be possible in industry and biomedicine.
Nanoparticles Methods for Nanoparticles Synthesis Overviewijtsrd
Nanoparticles exist in several different morphologies such as spheres, cylinders, platelets, tubes etc. The word nanoparticles are used to describe a particle with size in the range of 1nm to 100nm, at least in one of the three possible dimensions. In this size range, the physical, chemical and biological properties of the nanoparticles changes in fundamental ways from the properties of both individual atoms molecules and of the corresponding bulk materials. The enormous diversity of the nanoparticles arising from their wide chemical nature, shape and morphologies, the medium in which the particles are present, the state of dispersion of the particles and most importantly, the numerous possible surface modifications the nanoparticles can be subjected to make this an important active field of science now a days. Dr. Ilamathi Jayaraman | Dr. Vijayakumari. S "Nanoparticles: Methods for Nanoparticles Synthesis: Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46478.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/46478/nanoparticles-methods-for-nanoparticles-synthesis-overview/dr-ilamathi-jayaraman
Nanotechnology deals with the controlled formation and use of nanoparticles, which are billionths of a meter in size. Nanoparticles have unique properties compared to bulk materials that make them useful for applications in fields like energy, medicine, environment, and more. However, nanoparticles may also pose health risks to humans. This document discusses the pros and cons of nanomaterials, how nanoparticles could enter and affect the human body, methods for detecting nanoparticles, and potential environmental impacts of nanotechnology.
This document discusses the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles. It begins with an introduction to nanoparticles and their size-dependent properties. It then reviews literature on the various applications of nanoparticles in biomedical, environmental, and industrial fields. Specifically, it discusses how ZnO nanoparticles have shown antibacterial effects against various microorganisms. The document concludes by outlining several references used in the literature review.
Nanotechnology has a long history dating back thousands of years. More recently, Richard Feynman is considered the father of nanotechnology for his 1959 talk exploring building things at the atomic scale. The document discusses various aspects of nanotechnology in food science and animal nutrition including:
1. Nanoparticles exhibit different properties than bulk materials due to their high surface area to volume ratio, such as changes in melting point, optical, electrical and magnetic properties.
2. Nanotechnology is being used in food science for nutrient delivery, food preservation, and packaging to improve safety and nutrition. It allows for better absorption of nutrients.
3. Nanoparticles like selenium, copper and zinc are being added to animal feed to
Enginneered nanoparticles and microbial activity- Dinesh et al (2012)Raghavan Dinesh
This presentation is based on our review paper ‘Engineered nanoparticles in the soil and their potential implications to microbial activity’, Geoderma, 2012, 173-174, 19-27 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.12.018)
Nanotechnology in cancer and its synthesisShreyaBhatt23
basic introduction to nanotechnology and the types of nanomaterials used in medical purpose. sysnthesis of nanomaterials by physical , chemical, biosynthesis, green synthesis of nanomaterials
ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using a combustion method with low-temperature solution combustion. XRD and SEM characterization confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles around 30-40nm in size. The antibacterial activity of the ZnO nanoparticles was tested against E. coli using colony counting and disk diffusion methods. Both methods showed the ZnO nanoparticles had antibacterial effects in a concentration-dependent manner, with 100μg/L ZnO demonstrating the strongest antibacterial activity through over 70% bacterial reduction and the largest inhibition zone of 24mm. The ZnO nanoparticles were also found to damage the genomic DNA of treated E. coli cells.
This document discusses the use of inorganic nanoparticles in dentistry. It begins by defining nanoparticles as objects between 1-100 nanometers in size and explains how materials at the nanoscale behave differently than bulk materials. Specifically, nanoparticles have increased surface area and reactivity. The document then discusses how nanoparticles can be synthesized through top-down or bottom-up approaches and how their small size makes them difficult to detect visually. Recent applications of nanoparticles in dentistry are described, including their use in local anesthetics, bone replacement materials, and importantly, to increase the antibacterial properties of various dental materials through the addition of metals like silver, gold, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.
This document discusses the use of inorganic nanoparticles in dentistry. It begins by defining nanoscale as 1-100 nanometers and explains how materials behave differently at the nanoscale due to increased surface area. Nanoparticles can be synthesized through top-down or bottom-up approaches. The document then discusses how various nanoparticles like silver, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and calcium carbonate are being used in dental materials and products to enhance their antibacterial properties and effects like remineralization. These nanoparticles show potential for new treatment opportunities in dentistry.
The review article summarizes the applications of silver nanoparticles for diverse sectors. Over the decades, nanoparticles used as dignified metals such as silver exhibited distinctive characteristics basically correlated
to chemical, physical and biological property of counterparts having bulkiness. Numerous studies reported that Nanoparticles of about 100 nm diameter play a crucial role in widely spread industries due to unique properties including the dimension of small particle, high surface area and quantum confinement and they dispersed without agglomeration. Decade of discoveries clearly established that shape, size and distribution of Silver nanoparticles strongly affect the electromagnetic, optical and catalytic properties, which are often an assortment of changeable synthetic methods and reducing agents with stabilizers. Generation after generation the postulates come forth about properties of silver for the ancient Greeks cook from silver pots and the old adage ‘born with a silver spoon in his mouth’ thus show that eating with a silver spoon was wellknown
as uncontaminated. Impregnation of metals with silver nanoparticles is a practical way to exploit the microbe aggressive properties of silver at very low cost. The nanoparticles help in targeted delivery of drugs, enhancing bioavailability, sustaining drug or gene effect in target tissues, and enhancing the stability. Implementations of silver partials in medical science and biological science have been noticed from years ago; however alteration with nanotechnology is innovative potential. Over 23% of all nanotechnology based products, diagnostic and therapeutic applications implanted with silver nanoparticles (e.g. In arthritic disease and wound healing, etc.) and widely known for their antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral effect, employed in textile fabrics and added into cosmetic products as antiseptic to overcome skin problems. Thus, Silver
nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been urbanized as an advanced artifact in the field of nanotechnology.
IRJET-A Review on Fungus Mediated Nanoparticles in the Control of Dengue Vect...IRJET Journal
1. The document reviews the use of fungus-mediated nanoparticles for controlling the dengue vector Aedes aegypti.
2. Fungi such as Aspergillus species have been shown to extracellularly synthesize metallic nanoparticles like silver, gold, copper, and zinc through enzymatic reduction of metal ions.
3. The fungus Aspergillus niger in particular secretes reducing agents that can convert silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles, making it a potential source for eco-friendly larvicidal nanoparticles against Aedes aegypti.
Application of nanotechnology in agricultureAmit Bishnoi
This document discusses the potential applications of nanotechnology in agriculture. It notes that nanotechnology could help address challenges facing agriculture like low crop yields, nutrient deficiencies, and climate change. Some potential applications mentioned include nano-sensors to monitor soil and plant health, nano-fertilizers for slow nutrient release, nano-pesticides and insecticides, and nano-materials to remove soil contaminants. The document provides background on nanotechnology and discusses various types of nano-materials and their properties. It outlines how nanotechnology is being researched and applied in areas like precision farming, food science, crop improvement, and soil remediation to enhance agricultural productivity in a sustainable manner.
Nanomaterials are materials that are 100 nanometers or less in at least one dimension. They exhibit different properties than bulk materials due to their small size. Nanoparticles are synthesized using physical, chemical, and biological methods and characterized using techniques like UV-visible spectrometry, TEM, and XRD. Common types of nanoparticles include carbon-based, metal, metal oxide, semiconductor, and polymeric nanoparticles. Nanoparticles find applications in water treatment, medicine, and waste management due to their unique properties.
Nanotechnology scope and application in plant pathologyEr. Ahmad Ali
This document discusses nanotechnology and its applications in plant pathology. It begins by defining nanotechnology as designing, producing and applying structures between 1-100 nm by controlling shape and size at the nanoscale. It then discusses various methods of synthesizing nanoparticles, including chemical, physical and biological methods. The document outlines several applications of nanoparticles in plant pathology, including for detecting plant diseases using nanoparticle-based sensors. It also discusses how nanoparticles like silver, chitosan, copper and silica can be used for managing plant diseases through their antifungal and antimicrobial properties. Several case studies on using nanoparticles like nanosilver and chitosan nanoparticles to inhibit fungal pathogens are also presented.
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
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Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
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Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
2. J Bacteriol Mycol 7(4): id1140 (2020) - Page - 02
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ranging from microorganisms like bacterial, algae, virus to complex
organisms like plants, insects, animals, birds and humans. This
knowledge of presence of nanoparticles in microorganisms can be
important because of their further use in biomedical applications
[12,13].
Classification of Nanoparticles
There are 4 material based categories in which nanoparticles and
nano sized materials can be organised (Table 1).
• Carbon based Nanoparticles: These types of nanoparticles
are mainly formed of carbon. Examples of its morphology are hollow
tubes, ellipsoids etc. These could be further classified into Carbon
Nano Tubes (CNT), carbon black, fullerenes, graphene, carbon
nanofibers and activated carbon in nano size [14].
• Organic Nanoparticles: These nanoparticles unlike carbon
based nanoparticles are made up of organic matter. Non covalent
interactions (being weak) are helpful for self-assembly and design
of molecule in transformation of organic nanoparticles into desired
structure such as dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, ferritin etc [15].
These nanoparticles are mostly biodegradable and non-toxic, among
which some form hollow core (such as micelles and liposomes) also
known as nanocapsules and they become sensitive to electromagnetic
and thermal radiation such as heat and light. This characteristic makes
such nanoparticles as ideal choice for drug delivery mechanism [4,16].
• Inorganic Nanoparticles: Inorganic nanoparticles are
highly stable compared to their organic counterparts. They are
biocompatible, non-toxic and hydrophilic materials. These are the
metal and metal oxide based nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have
certain types into which they can be synthesized, out of which metals
may include Au, Ag nanoparticles [17], similarly metal oxides may
include TiO2
, ZnO and even some semiconductors like silicon and
ceramics [18].
• Composite Nanoparticles: These are nanoparticle
of composite structures, including core shell structure, onion
like structure and gladiate composition. These nanoparticles are
multiphased with one of their phase on nanoscale dimension which
can be helpful in combining one nanoparticle with other such as
hybrid nanofibres or even complicated structures such as metal
organic frameworks. These type of composites may be formed of any
combinations be it metal-based, organic-based or carbon-based with
any form of metal, ceramic, or polymer bulk materials [12,19].
Bacterial Association of Nanoparticles
Production of Nanoparticles
Green nanotechnology makes use of various biological entities
for nano-particles production. Use of bacteria for nanoparticle
biosynthesis is popular among the scientific community and is
gaining importance for because of various beneifits it offers. Various
bacteria have been employed for production of nano-particles (Table
2). One of the important factors of green synthesis is that microbial
emissary has a tendency of acting as a template for synthesizing as
well as organizing the nanoparticles into precise structure. Bacteria
in particular are capable of immobilization and mobilization of
diffrerent metals and in cases, it can reduce metal ions and precipitate
metals at a nanometer scale. Optimising the process of production is
easied with used of bacteri which can lead to synthesis of nanoparticles
with the desired size and morphology.
Bacteria have ability to reduce heavy metal ions which makes them
desirable candidates for synthesis of nanoparticle. It was found in a
study that P. stutzeri and P. aeruginosa are able to survive and grow in
high metal ion concentration [20,21]. Previous studies have reported
bacteria like Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, and
Sulfolobus acidocaldarius are capable of reducing ferric ion to its
ferrous state when sulfur is used as an energy source. Other bacteria
were also found to be beneficial such as enzymatic reduction of Tc
(VII) using Geobacter metallireducens and Shewanella putrefaciens
cells in their resting phase, Escherichia coli K12 utilized for tellurium
(Te) formation [22], and used of by Rhodospirillum rubrum,
Desulfovibriode sulfuricans, Enterobacter cloacae for reduction of
Sr. No. Type of Nps Sub Type of Nps Example
1 Carbon
Fullerenes
TiO2
Graphene
Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanofibres
Carbon Black
2 Organic
Dendrimers
CdSe
Liposomes
Micelles
3 Inorganic
Metal Based Gold, Silver
Metal Oxide Based ZnO, TiO2
4 Composite
Simple Hybrid
SiO2
Core or Shell Structured
Multifunctional Quantam Dots
Table 1: Classification of nanoparticles.
Sr. No. Bacteria Used Nanoparticles Size(Nm) References
1 Bacillus cereus Silver 20-40 [26]
2 Kocuriaflava Copper 05-30 [27]
3 Bacillussubtilis Gold 20-25 [28]
4 Shewanellaloihica PV-4 Platinum 02-07 [29]
5
Sinomonasmesophila
MPKL 2
Silver 04-50 [30]
6 Xanthomonasoryzae Silver 14-86 [31]
7 B.subtilis TiO2
, ZnO 66-67 [32]
8 E.coli CdO 22-25 [33]
9
Rhodopseudomonas
capsulata
Gold 10-20 [34]
10 Shewanella algae Platinum ~5 [35]
11 Deinococcus radiodurans Gold ~43.75 [36]
12 Bacillus cecembensis Silver 06-13 [37]
13 Pseudomonasantarctica Silver 06-13 [37]
14 Magnetotactic Magnetic - [38]
15 Alcaligenesfaecalis Silver 30-50 [39]
16 Ochrobactrum sp. MPV Tellurium 02-05 [40]
Table 2: Bacteria utilized for production of nanoparticles.
3. J Bacteriol Mycol 7(4): id1140 (2020) - Page - 03
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selenite to selenium [23]. Mullen et al. [24] studied the capability of
E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, P. aeruginosaand Bacillus cereusin removing
La3+
,Cd2+
, Ag+
and Cu2+
from solution. Some of the bacteria even
synthesize inorganic materials, example being magnetotactic bacteria,
which results in synthesis of intracellular magnetite nanoparticles
[25].
In a study E. coli was used for production of DH5α gold nano
particles using AuCl4
ions aqueous bio-reduction with bacterium.
A study reported, platinum group metals undergo reductive
deposition carrying out heterogenous reaction for synthesis of
platinum nanoparticles on bacterium Shewanella algae [41]. It is
an environment friendly method termed as “green chemistry” for
production of nanoparticles. Certain thermophilic bacteria are
utilized in a great extent for extracellular production of the metal
nanoparticles like gold or silver. Thermophillus microorganisms
as Geobacillus stearothermophilus have shown the properties of
formation nanoparticles [42]. Geobacillus sp. was cultivated for
obtaining a wet biomass, and then was exposed to metal salts. The
complete reaction process led to production of nanoparticles.
Nanoparticles produced by this process accompanied with presence
of capping proteins which suggests that nanoparticles formed are
of highly stable in nature. Also this technique leads to production
of toxin free nanoparticles and highly recommended for large scale
synthesis [42].
Applications of Nanoparticles
The applications of nanoparticle are as diverse as its
characteristics. Today, nanoparticles are used in different fields as
biomedical, agriculture, environment and industires. Though here
we are concerned with different applications of nanoparticles in
association with bacteria. The interaction of various bacteria and
nanoparticles have been used to perform various fnctions. Many
studies have shown that depending upon their characteristics various
nanoparticles can penetrate the outer membranes of bacterial cells
and form an association with the latter. This association enhances the
characteristics of both which can now be used for various applications.
An overview of applications of bacteria syntesized nanoparticles is
mentioned in the Table 3.
Association of Bacteria with Nanoparticles for Drug
Delivery
Due to the characteristics of nanoparticles they are considered as
ideal molecules for delivery of many drugs to their desired destination.
Many bacteria help nanoparticles in this process. The nanoparticles
become leaped on the surface of bacterium and this combined form
can be used as applications for gaining direct knowledge about
electrochemistry of proteins. Nanoparticles in association with
bacteria are being employed for constructing bacteria-nanoparticle
vehicles. Patinum (nano- Pt) and gold (nano-Au) nanoparticles in
association with Listeria monocytogenes Salmonella enteritidis and is
one such bacteria-nanoparticle vehicles which can be used for drug
delivery. Series of experiments led to conclusion that nano-Au and
nano-Pt can disrupt the cell wall and membrane of the Salmonella
enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes and gets combined with the
DNA material thus making it a desirable vehicle for drug transfer
[49].
Likewise,Halomonasmaura(ATCC700995)isanotherbacterium
species which helps in formation of Mauran (MR) or Chitosan
(CH) nanoparticles [46]. These are highly halophile bacteria which
can produce highly sulphated Exo-Polysaccharides (EPS) residues.
Halomonas Maura bacterium is grown and cultivated along with
the EPS. After carrying out of the complete Reaction Process (MR)
based nanoparticles were formed. Various techniques like FTIR,
XRD, TEM & SEM confirms the presence of these MR nanoparticles.
These produced nanoparticles also bear the drug delivery mechanism.
These records depict that these MR nanoparticles have advantage
of sustained delivery of drug for period of about 10-12 days. Also
as these nanoparticles have tendency for encapsulated anticancer
drug; they have a high potential of fighting against tumorous cells.
Along with the mechanism of encapsulating anticancer drugs,
these nanoparticles bear property of sustained and controlled drug
release, under optimum conditions like high acidic pH, making them
favourable for cancer chemotherapy [46].
Conclusion
There is an immense scope of using bacteria for production of
nanoparticles. As various nanoparticles find used in many different
industries, it is ideal to find cheaper and effective ways for their
Sr. No. Bacteria Used Nanoparticles Applications References
1 Bacillus cereus Silver Antibacterial Activity [26]
2 Alcaligenes faecalis Silver Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activty [38]
3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cadmium Removal of Cadmium Pollutant [43]
4 Shewanella loihica PV-4 Palladium and Platinum Degradation of Methyl Orange Dye [29]
5 Ochrobactrum sp. MPV Tellurium Reduction of Toxic compounds [39]
6 Bacillussubtilis Gold Degradation of Methylene Blue [28]
7 Klebsiellapneumonia Silver Antimicrobial [44]
8 Nostoc sp. strain HKAR-2 Silver
Antimicrobial effect on Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris,
Aspergillus niger,
[45]
9 Halomonas maura MR Antiangiogenic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti- viral activities [46]
10 Anabaena dolium Silver Antimicrobial effect on K.pneumonia and S.aureus [47]
11 Brevibacterium frigoritolerans Silver
Antimicrobial effect on Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus anthracis,
Salmonella enterica.
[48]
Table 3: Applications of bacterially synthesized nanoparticles.
4. J Bacteriol Mycol 7(4): id1140 (2020) - Page - 04
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production. Conventional used of various chemicals nanoparticles
productions is costly as well as accompanied with many toxic
by-products. Using micro-organism especially bacteria can be
the possible solution to this problem. Not only the production
process is cost effective and toxin free but also the process can be
optimised leading to the production of nanoparticles with the desired
characteristics. Nanoparticles produced using bacteria are used for
various applications and an association among them can be helpful
in drug delivery. Further studies need to be conducted to make this
association beneficial for mankind. For instance, studies suggest that
many nanoparticles can disrupt outer walls of bacterial to integrate
with the genetic material of the host cell; this mode of interaction can
be exploited to kill pathogens.
Acknowledgment
This work has been funded by Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research, New Delhi. The authors are thankful to CSIR, New Delhi
as well as DBT, New Delhi for continuous financial support to the
Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla
(India).
Declaration of Competing Interest
Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest amongst
themselves or with parental institute.
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