Young artistic swimmers require a variety of athletic abilities for their sport and have high energy needs. The COVID-19 lockdown disrupted their training and highlighted issues with their nutrition. A study of 25 young female artistic swimmers found that during the lockdown, their macronutrient intake ratios were inverted from recommendations, with lower energy intake versus needs. Young athletes, families, and coaches need better nutrition guidelines and education to support healthy food choices that meet athletes' growth and performance needs.
Reilly_Erinn_Eating Disorders Research Action PlanErinn Reilly
This document provides information about eating disorders in youth athletes. It defines eating disorders and body image issues, and discusses the mortality rates of eating disorders in adolescents. The document then examines the risk factors and prevalence of eating disorders in different types of sports that focus on weight, leanness, or aesthetics. Finally, it proposes an action plan to implement prevention and intervention strategies within the community through various 4-Safety promotional materials and a community event.
In a presentation at the Global Health Practitioner Conference, April 13-17, 2015, JSI's Peggy Koniz Booher shared an overview of a literature ant programmatic review on improved nutrition for adolescents, pregnant and lactating women, and women of reproductive age. This presentation included findings from a technical meeting on recommendations on key dietary practices to be used in strengthening policies and programs.
This document discusses nutrition and diet for the elderly, with a focus on those wearing dentures. It covers nutritional objectives, nutrient content claims, factors affecting nutritional status in aging like physiological and oral changes. It assesses nutritional status using a triphasic analysis and lists recommended foods and diets for new denture wearers. The document emphasizes the importance of proper nutrition for oral and overall health in the elderly and providing dietary guidance and counseling.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Habits of National Basketball Men’s Team in...ijtsrd
Nutrition has a direct impact on the performance of national level basketball players. This study aimed to examine the nutrition knowledge and dietary habits of national basketball male athletes. The sample included 30 subjects age range 20 25 years mean BMI 22.1 kgm 2 who represented Sri Lankan men’s national basketball team. The sports nutrition knowledge and dietary habits of participants were assessed using a self administered questionnaire. Nutrition knowledge questions focused on energy and refuelling, hydration, supplements and protein intake. The mean nutritional knowledge score of participants was 53 . Participants’ knowledge of supplements was inadequate mean score for the section 37 . Regarding dietary habits,19 participants 63 consumed high carbohydrate foods after training competitions while majority of athletes consumed high protein foods before n=16, 53 and after n=21, 70 training competition. Meal skipping was not common in all participants. The majority of participants n=28, 93 consumed fluids before, during and after exercise. Fourteen participants 47 reported consuming alcohol. Dietary supplements use was reported in 43 of participants n=13 . It can be concluded that the participants of this study showed a moderate level of sports nutrition knowledge. Overall, the national male basketball players showed healthy dietary habits that help improve sports performance. K. A. A. Ishani | S. Weerasinghe "Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Habits of National Basketball Men’s Team in Sri Lanka" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43711.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comother-scientific-research-area/other/43711/nutritional-knowledge-and-dietary-habits-of-national-basketball-men’s-team-in-sri-lanka/k-a-a-ishani
Poor diet and nutrition in the United States contribute to increased risk of chronic diseases and billions in medical costs each year. Most Americans consume diets high in fat, saturated fat, and sodium and low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. This is due to factors such as increased consumption of food away from home, large portion sizes at fast food restaurants, and marketing of unhealthy options. Improving diet and increasing physical activity is vital for promoting health and reducing risks of diseases like heart disease and cancer.
This document discusses various methods for assessing nutritional status, including direct methods like anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, clinical exams, and dietary evaluations as well as indirect methods using community health data. It provides details on anthropometric indicators like BMI, waist circumference, and hip measurements. Clinical exams can identify signs of deficiencies in hair, mouth, eyes, nails, skin, thyroid, and bones. Biochemical tests of blood and urine are useful to detect early nutritional changes. Dietary assessments include 24-hour recalls, food frequency questionnaires, and food diaries.
Reilly_Erinn_Eating Disorders Research Action PlanErinn Reilly
This document provides information about eating disorders in youth athletes. It defines eating disorders and body image issues, and discusses the mortality rates of eating disorders in adolescents. The document then examines the risk factors and prevalence of eating disorders in different types of sports that focus on weight, leanness, or aesthetics. Finally, it proposes an action plan to implement prevention and intervention strategies within the community through various 4-Safety promotional materials and a community event.
In a presentation at the Global Health Practitioner Conference, April 13-17, 2015, JSI's Peggy Koniz Booher shared an overview of a literature ant programmatic review on improved nutrition for adolescents, pregnant and lactating women, and women of reproductive age. This presentation included findings from a technical meeting on recommendations on key dietary practices to be used in strengthening policies and programs.
This document discusses nutrition and diet for the elderly, with a focus on those wearing dentures. It covers nutritional objectives, nutrient content claims, factors affecting nutritional status in aging like physiological and oral changes. It assesses nutritional status using a triphasic analysis and lists recommended foods and diets for new denture wearers. The document emphasizes the importance of proper nutrition for oral and overall health in the elderly and providing dietary guidance and counseling.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Habits of National Basketball Men’s Team in...ijtsrd
Nutrition has a direct impact on the performance of national level basketball players. This study aimed to examine the nutrition knowledge and dietary habits of national basketball male athletes. The sample included 30 subjects age range 20 25 years mean BMI 22.1 kgm 2 who represented Sri Lankan men’s national basketball team. The sports nutrition knowledge and dietary habits of participants were assessed using a self administered questionnaire. Nutrition knowledge questions focused on energy and refuelling, hydration, supplements and protein intake. The mean nutritional knowledge score of participants was 53 . Participants’ knowledge of supplements was inadequate mean score for the section 37 . Regarding dietary habits,19 participants 63 consumed high carbohydrate foods after training competitions while majority of athletes consumed high protein foods before n=16, 53 and after n=21, 70 training competition. Meal skipping was not common in all participants. The majority of participants n=28, 93 consumed fluids before, during and after exercise. Fourteen participants 47 reported consuming alcohol. Dietary supplements use was reported in 43 of participants n=13 . It can be concluded that the participants of this study showed a moderate level of sports nutrition knowledge. Overall, the national male basketball players showed healthy dietary habits that help improve sports performance. K. A. A. Ishani | S. Weerasinghe "Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Habits of National Basketball Men’s Team in Sri Lanka" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43711.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comother-scientific-research-area/other/43711/nutritional-knowledge-and-dietary-habits-of-national-basketball-men’s-team-in-sri-lanka/k-a-a-ishani
Poor diet and nutrition in the United States contribute to increased risk of chronic diseases and billions in medical costs each year. Most Americans consume diets high in fat, saturated fat, and sodium and low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. This is due to factors such as increased consumption of food away from home, large portion sizes at fast food restaurants, and marketing of unhealthy options. Improving diet and increasing physical activity is vital for promoting health and reducing risks of diseases like heart disease and cancer.
This document discusses various methods for assessing nutritional status, including direct methods like anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, clinical exams, and dietary evaluations as well as indirect methods using community health data. It provides details on anthropometric indicators like BMI, waist circumference, and hip measurements. Clinical exams can identify signs of deficiencies in hair, mouth, eyes, nails, skin, thyroid, and bones. Biochemical tests of blood and urine are useful to detect early nutritional changes. Dietary assessments include 24-hour recalls, food frequency questionnaires, and food diaries.
This document discusses public health nutrition and its importance for health promotion and protection. It assesses factors that influence eating behaviors such as hunger, appetite, culture, habits, emotions, and advertising. It defines nutrition as the science of the relationship between physiological functions and essential food elements. Key nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Child malnutrition rates in Bangladesh are very high, and dietary habits and food practices need to change to improve nutrition status. A balanced diet is important for a healthy life.
This document discusses nutrition for older adults. It notes that the older adult population is increasing and this group is at high risk for malnutrition due to physiological changes, illnesses, and medications. Proper nutrition can help prevent diseases and maintain health. The document outlines goals from Healthy People 2020 to improve nutrition and healthcare for older adults, including increasing certification among healthcare providers in geriatric care. It also discusses types of prevention and concludes that good nutrition is important for older adult health.
Impact of nutrition education programme on college going girls engaged in spo...Sports Journal
Sports nutrition is a marginalized area of study yet nutrition plays a major role in good sportsmanship.
Sport nutrition focuses on the link between diet, nutrients and performance. The widely separated,
irregular food intakes and the increasing use of foods with low energy concentration can lead to poor
performance. Therefore the study was planned with the main objective to impart nutrition education to
college going girls engaged in sports activity. A need felt nutrition education programme was develop
after the assessment of nutrition knowledge of the female education programme developed in which
several Information Education and Communication material was prepared like poster, chart, flash card,
leaflet/pamphlet, power point presentation, folder. The results of the anthropometric measurement
showed that majority (74%) of the selected sports female were normal weight. The study showed the
sports person lack nutrition knowledge. Nutrition education intervention improved their mean awareness
score from 7.62 to 29.42 which
A Brief Review on Health Implication of Skipping Breakfast with Emphasis on Weight Gain in Adults by Elizabeth MJS* in Crimson publishers: Journal of Physical Medicine
Regular eating of breakfast contributes to the nutritional health of an individual. Some people skipped breakfast because of the desire to lose weight. An individual that consumed breakfast regularly is more likely to exhibit high level of physical activity and cardio-respiratory fitness. This short review aims to examine health implication of skipping breakfast with emphasis on weight gain in adults. Skipping breakfast is a wrong step in weight loss management as several available literature links irregular consumptions of breakfast to weight gain. Skipping breakfast over an extended period has a negative effect on cardiometabolic risk profile. It increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus development. Consumption of breakfast regularly has been found to be an alternative means of weight management. Future research is needed to examine eating and time of breakfast as well as types of breakfast adults’ in developing countries consumed in relation to their body mass index.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/epmr/fulltext/EPMR.000531.php
For more Open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/
For more articles in Examines in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/epmr/
For more details track the below URL
https://www.linkedin.com/company/crimsonpublishers
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats
Weight Management Pharmaceutical Services
Obesity and Overweight: Definition, causes, prevention
Obese and Overweight patient counseling guidelines
Exercise, Physical activities for obese and overweight people
This document discusses various nutritional problems including protein-energy malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and eating disorders. Protein-energy malnutrition manifests as kwashiorkor or marasmus depending on whether there is edema or wasting. Common micronutrient deficiencies in India are vitamin A deficiency which can cause blindness, and anemia. Prevention strategies include breastfeeding, immunization, supplementation, and food fortification. The document provides details on the causes, risk groups, clinical features and management of various nutritional problems.
Nutritional assessment using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods with a larger understanding of anthropometric methods used in Ethiopia
The document discusses obesity, including its types, rates, causes, and effects on health. It addresses the main types of obesity defined by BMI, trends showing increasing obesity rates in both adults and children, dietary and lifestyle factors that can cause obesity, and how excess weight is associated with higher risks of diseases and health conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. Prevention focuses on maintaining a healthy diet and active lifestyle to avoid excess weight gain and related health issues.
This document summarizes key points about achieving and maintaining a healthful body weight from a chapter on the topic. It defines a healthful weight as one appropriate for a person's age that is maintained without dieting and allows for normal blood pressure and glucose levels. It discusses methods for evaluating body weight, including calculating body mass index and measuring body composition and fat distribution. Factors that influence weight gain and loss, such as genetics, metabolism, diet, physical activity, and sociocultural influences, are also examined. The risks of underweight, overweight, and obesity are outlined.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in nutrition from a college textbook. It includes chapter outlines, learning outcomes, definitions of important terms, and examples. The key points covered are:
- There are six classes of nutrients and different roles of each in the body
- Many lifestyle and dietary factors influence chronic disease risk in Americans
- The metric system and calories are used to measure nutrients and energy in food
- Healthy People 2020 aims to promote health and reduce chronic disease through nutrition
Physical exercise must be made mandatory in schools and collegesMD TOUFIQ HASAN ANIK
physical exercise must be made mandatory in schools and colleges to fight obesity, to sharpen physical-mental capability along with the opportunities to create future career.
School health guidelines to promote healthy eating and Physical ActivityAdonisGoldenRatioSystems
This report describes school health guidelines for promoting healthy eating and physical activity, including coordination of school policies and practices.
supportive environments; school nutrition services. physical education and physical activity programs; health education; health, mental health, and social services; family and community involvement; school employee wellness; and professional development for school staff members.
These guidelines, developed in collaboration with specialists from universities and from national, federal, state, local, and voluntary agencies and organizations, are based on an in-depth review of research, theory, and best practices in healthy eating and physical activity promotion in school health, public health, and education. Because every guideline might not be appropriate or feasible for every school to implement, individual schools should determine which guidelines have the highest priority based on the needs of the school and available resources.
The Overweight And Obesity Prevalence Among Poles FinalMargaret Czart
The document examines overweight and obesity trends among Poles. It defines overweight and obesity using body mass index (BMI) measurements and discusses health risks. Key findings from a 2004 Polish study include:
- Higher BMI levels were associated with rural living, older age, lower education, and certain occupations.
- Access to hypermarkets and fast food restaurants was linked to higher BMI, while better access to recreational activities was tied to lower BMI.
- Socioeconomic factors like income also influenced BMI levels.
The document provides guidelines and tools for planning a healthy diet, including:
- Dietary Reference Intakes which establish nutrient standards including RDAs, EARs, AIs, and ULs.
- Dietary Guidelines for Americans which provide five guidelines for healthy eating including balancing calories, choosing nutrient-dense foods, and staying active.
- MyPyramid which divides foods into groups and provides personalized daily recommendations based on calorie needs and activity level.
- Nutrient density which compares the nutrients a food provides relative to its calories.
Does physical-activity-and-sport-practice-lead-to-a-healthier-lifestyle-and-e...Annex Publishers
The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing rapidly and there is general consensus that good nutritional practices and physical activity should be encouraged as early as possible in life. The aim of this study was to describe and to compare the current lifestyle and dietary pattern of normal weight (NW) and overweight + obese (OW+OB) male adolescents who are physically active.
Methods: This observational and retrospective study was based on clinical records analysis of male adolescents aged 11-18 years who had undergone a medical evaluation at a Medical Sport Centre (Pavia, Italy) during 2009, and had filled in a self-administered life style questionnaire.
Results: The results showed that out of 1423 clinical records 23.0% of subjects were OW, 5.4% OB and 71.6% NW. We invited all the overweight and obese subjects to participate in the study, 308 of them (75.8%) agreed. Then we randomly enrolled an equivalent number of NW participants (n=308) in the medical evaluation at the sports center with similar characteristics as for socio-economic status, physical activity and age for a whole sample of 616 subjects. We handled them a validated lifestyle questionnaire. The questionnaire analysis was used to compare OW+OB and NW participants, as far as eating habits, sedentary activities and time spent in sports. All the subjects frequently skipped breakfast, did not consume fruit and vegetables daily and had a high soft drinks intake. Inverse correlations were found between weight and physical activity (p=0.01). Sedentary activities were preferred by about 25% and 66 % of the NW and OW+OB groups respectively. The percentage of smokers was similar within the two groups (14%).
Conclusions: Adolescents eating habits are incorrect, despite BMI and sports practice. Sports practice seems contributing to lower spare time physical inactivity, but does not improve eating habits. Public health interventions should focus on the reinforcement of leisure time physical activity, besides nutrition education and behavioral education programs in order to prevent obesity in the adulthood.
Nutritional assessment by Dr. Rajan Bikram Rayamajhiwrigveda
This document discusses various methods for nutritional assessment, including anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, dietary, functional, and anthropometric assessments. It provides details on each method, including what they measure and their advantages and limitations. The key methods covered are anthropometry (measuring height, weight, skin folds), biochemical tests of nutrients, clinical exams for signs of deficiencies, dietary assessments like 24-hour recalls, and functional tests of physiological processes impacted by nutrition.
This document discusses nutrition for fitness and sports. It covers key concepts about physical fitness including the benefits of physical activity, how to develop a fitness regimen using the FITT principle, and the importance of including aerobic exercise, strength training, and flexibility exercises. It also discusses how the body uses carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to fuel exercise through anaerobic and aerobic metabolism, and the advantages and disadvantages of each type of metabolism. Maintaining hydration and consuming the right foods before, during, and after exercise is also emphasized.
Diet therapy involves using food to treat medical conditions and involves 3 main roles:
1) Dietitians identify nutrition problems, assess patient status, and develop customized diet plans and counseling.
2) They work in communities to assess and enhance public health through prevention of nutrition-related diseases.
3) Dietitians also work in food service and private practice to provide expertise on nutrition and disease prevention.
The document discusses diet therapy and the role of dietitians in clinical, community, and food service settings. It provides examples of calculating nutrition from food and discusses therapeutic diets, feeding methods, and drug-diet interactions.
Worldwide, obesity nearly tripled since 1975, with over 650 million adults and 340 million children classified as obese in 2016. Obesity is defined as abnormal fat accumulation that impairs health, measured as a BMI over 30 for adults and over 2 or 3 standard deviations for children depending on age. The fundamental causes of obesity are an energy imbalance from increased intake of unhealthy foods and decreased physical activity due to sedentary lifestyles. Obesity raises the risk of diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Reducing obesity involves limiting unhealthy foods, increasing physical activity, and for some, bariatric surgery.
This document discusses nutrition during childhood, covering topics like growth and development patterns, nutrient requirements, and factors influencing food intake. It notes that growth slows after infancy, with weight gaining 2-3kg/year and height 6-8cm/year until puberty. Nutrient needs remain high to support growth. Factors like family, media, peers, and societal trends can influence children's eating habits and food preferences. Regular monitoring of growth is important to identify any nutritional issues.
This document discusses public health nutrition and its importance for health promotion and protection. It assesses factors that influence eating behaviors such as hunger, appetite, culture, habits, emotions, and advertising. It defines nutrition as the science of the relationship between physiological functions and essential food elements. Key nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Child malnutrition rates in Bangladesh are very high, and dietary habits and food practices need to change to improve nutrition status. A balanced diet is important for a healthy life.
This document discusses nutrition for older adults. It notes that the older adult population is increasing and this group is at high risk for malnutrition due to physiological changes, illnesses, and medications. Proper nutrition can help prevent diseases and maintain health. The document outlines goals from Healthy People 2020 to improve nutrition and healthcare for older adults, including increasing certification among healthcare providers in geriatric care. It also discusses types of prevention and concludes that good nutrition is important for older adult health.
Impact of nutrition education programme on college going girls engaged in spo...Sports Journal
Sports nutrition is a marginalized area of study yet nutrition plays a major role in good sportsmanship.
Sport nutrition focuses on the link between diet, nutrients and performance. The widely separated,
irregular food intakes and the increasing use of foods with low energy concentration can lead to poor
performance. Therefore the study was planned with the main objective to impart nutrition education to
college going girls engaged in sports activity. A need felt nutrition education programme was develop
after the assessment of nutrition knowledge of the female education programme developed in which
several Information Education and Communication material was prepared like poster, chart, flash card,
leaflet/pamphlet, power point presentation, folder. The results of the anthropometric measurement
showed that majority (74%) of the selected sports female were normal weight. The study showed the
sports person lack nutrition knowledge. Nutrition education intervention improved their mean awareness
score from 7.62 to 29.42 which
A Brief Review on Health Implication of Skipping Breakfast with Emphasis on Weight Gain in Adults by Elizabeth MJS* in Crimson publishers: Journal of Physical Medicine
Regular eating of breakfast contributes to the nutritional health of an individual. Some people skipped breakfast because of the desire to lose weight. An individual that consumed breakfast regularly is more likely to exhibit high level of physical activity and cardio-respiratory fitness. This short review aims to examine health implication of skipping breakfast with emphasis on weight gain in adults. Skipping breakfast is a wrong step in weight loss management as several available literature links irregular consumptions of breakfast to weight gain. Skipping breakfast over an extended period has a negative effect on cardiometabolic risk profile. It increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus development. Consumption of breakfast regularly has been found to be an alternative means of weight management. Future research is needed to examine eating and time of breakfast as well as types of breakfast adults’ in developing countries consumed in relation to their body mass index.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/epmr/fulltext/EPMR.000531.php
For more Open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/
For more articles in Examines in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/epmr/
For more details track the below URL
https://www.linkedin.com/company/crimsonpublishers
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats
Weight Management Pharmaceutical Services
Obesity and Overweight: Definition, causes, prevention
Obese and Overweight patient counseling guidelines
Exercise, Physical activities for obese and overweight people
This document discusses various nutritional problems including protein-energy malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and eating disorders. Protein-energy malnutrition manifests as kwashiorkor or marasmus depending on whether there is edema or wasting. Common micronutrient deficiencies in India are vitamin A deficiency which can cause blindness, and anemia. Prevention strategies include breastfeeding, immunization, supplementation, and food fortification. The document provides details on the causes, risk groups, clinical features and management of various nutritional problems.
Nutritional assessment using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods with a larger understanding of anthropometric methods used in Ethiopia
The document discusses obesity, including its types, rates, causes, and effects on health. It addresses the main types of obesity defined by BMI, trends showing increasing obesity rates in both adults and children, dietary and lifestyle factors that can cause obesity, and how excess weight is associated with higher risks of diseases and health conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. Prevention focuses on maintaining a healthy diet and active lifestyle to avoid excess weight gain and related health issues.
This document summarizes key points about achieving and maintaining a healthful body weight from a chapter on the topic. It defines a healthful weight as one appropriate for a person's age that is maintained without dieting and allows for normal blood pressure and glucose levels. It discusses methods for evaluating body weight, including calculating body mass index and measuring body composition and fat distribution. Factors that influence weight gain and loss, such as genetics, metabolism, diet, physical activity, and sociocultural influences, are also examined. The risks of underweight, overweight, and obesity are outlined.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in nutrition from a college textbook. It includes chapter outlines, learning outcomes, definitions of important terms, and examples. The key points covered are:
- There are six classes of nutrients and different roles of each in the body
- Many lifestyle and dietary factors influence chronic disease risk in Americans
- The metric system and calories are used to measure nutrients and energy in food
- Healthy People 2020 aims to promote health and reduce chronic disease through nutrition
Physical exercise must be made mandatory in schools and collegesMD TOUFIQ HASAN ANIK
physical exercise must be made mandatory in schools and colleges to fight obesity, to sharpen physical-mental capability along with the opportunities to create future career.
School health guidelines to promote healthy eating and Physical ActivityAdonisGoldenRatioSystems
This report describes school health guidelines for promoting healthy eating and physical activity, including coordination of school policies and practices.
supportive environments; school nutrition services. physical education and physical activity programs; health education; health, mental health, and social services; family and community involvement; school employee wellness; and professional development for school staff members.
These guidelines, developed in collaboration with specialists from universities and from national, federal, state, local, and voluntary agencies and organizations, are based on an in-depth review of research, theory, and best practices in healthy eating and physical activity promotion in school health, public health, and education. Because every guideline might not be appropriate or feasible for every school to implement, individual schools should determine which guidelines have the highest priority based on the needs of the school and available resources.
The Overweight And Obesity Prevalence Among Poles FinalMargaret Czart
The document examines overweight and obesity trends among Poles. It defines overweight and obesity using body mass index (BMI) measurements and discusses health risks. Key findings from a 2004 Polish study include:
- Higher BMI levels were associated with rural living, older age, lower education, and certain occupations.
- Access to hypermarkets and fast food restaurants was linked to higher BMI, while better access to recreational activities was tied to lower BMI.
- Socioeconomic factors like income also influenced BMI levels.
The document provides guidelines and tools for planning a healthy diet, including:
- Dietary Reference Intakes which establish nutrient standards including RDAs, EARs, AIs, and ULs.
- Dietary Guidelines for Americans which provide five guidelines for healthy eating including balancing calories, choosing nutrient-dense foods, and staying active.
- MyPyramid which divides foods into groups and provides personalized daily recommendations based on calorie needs and activity level.
- Nutrient density which compares the nutrients a food provides relative to its calories.
Does physical-activity-and-sport-practice-lead-to-a-healthier-lifestyle-and-e...Annex Publishers
The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing rapidly and there is general consensus that good nutritional practices and physical activity should be encouraged as early as possible in life. The aim of this study was to describe and to compare the current lifestyle and dietary pattern of normal weight (NW) and overweight + obese (OW+OB) male adolescents who are physically active.
Methods: This observational and retrospective study was based on clinical records analysis of male adolescents aged 11-18 years who had undergone a medical evaluation at a Medical Sport Centre (Pavia, Italy) during 2009, and had filled in a self-administered life style questionnaire.
Results: The results showed that out of 1423 clinical records 23.0% of subjects were OW, 5.4% OB and 71.6% NW. We invited all the overweight and obese subjects to participate in the study, 308 of them (75.8%) agreed. Then we randomly enrolled an equivalent number of NW participants (n=308) in the medical evaluation at the sports center with similar characteristics as for socio-economic status, physical activity and age for a whole sample of 616 subjects. We handled them a validated lifestyle questionnaire. The questionnaire analysis was used to compare OW+OB and NW participants, as far as eating habits, sedentary activities and time spent in sports. All the subjects frequently skipped breakfast, did not consume fruit and vegetables daily and had a high soft drinks intake. Inverse correlations were found between weight and physical activity (p=0.01). Sedentary activities were preferred by about 25% and 66 % of the NW and OW+OB groups respectively. The percentage of smokers was similar within the two groups (14%).
Conclusions: Adolescents eating habits are incorrect, despite BMI and sports practice. Sports practice seems contributing to lower spare time physical inactivity, but does not improve eating habits. Public health interventions should focus on the reinforcement of leisure time physical activity, besides nutrition education and behavioral education programs in order to prevent obesity in the adulthood.
Nutritional assessment by Dr. Rajan Bikram Rayamajhiwrigveda
This document discusses various methods for nutritional assessment, including anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, dietary, functional, and anthropometric assessments. It provides details on each method, including what they measure and their advantages and limitations. The key methods covered are anthropometry (measuring height, weight, skin folds), biochemical tests of nutrients, clinical exams for signs of deficiencies, dietary assessments like 24-hour recalls, and functional tests of physiological processes impacted by nutrition.
This document discusses nutrition for fitness and sports. It covers key concepts about physical fitness including the benefits of physical activity, how to develop a fitness regimen using the FITT principle, and the importance of including aerobic exercise, strength training, and flexibility exercises. It also discusses how the body uses carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to fuel exercise through anaerobic and aerobic metabolism, and the advantages and disadvantages of each type of metabolism. Maintaining hydration and consuming the right foods before, during, and after exercise is also emphasized.
Diet therapy involves using food to treat medical conditions and involves 3 main roles:
1) Dietitians identify nutrition problems, assess patient status, and develop customized diet plans and counseling.
2) They work in communities to assess and enhance public health through prevention of nutrition-related diseases.
3) Dietitians also work in food service and private practice to provide expertise on nutrition and disease prevention.
The document discusses diet therapy and the role of dietitians in clinical, community, and food service settings. It provides examples of calculating nutrition from food and discusses therapeutic diets, feeding methods, and drug-diet interactions.
Worldwide, obesity nearly tripled since 1975, with over 650 million adults and 340 million children classified as obese in 2016. Obesity is defined as abnormal fat accumulation that impairs health, measured as a BMI over 30 for adults and over 2 or 3 standard deviations for children depending on age. The fundamental causes of obesity are an energy imbalance from increased intake of unhealthy foods and decreased physical activity due to sedentary lifestyles. Obesity raises the risk of diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Reducing obesity involves limiting unhealthy foods, increasing physical activity, and for some, bariatric surgery.
This document discusses nutrition during childhood, covering topics like growth and development patterns, nutrient requirements, and factors influencing food intake. It notes that growth slows after infancy, with weight gaining 2-3kg/year and height 6-8cm/year until puberty. Nutrient needs remain high to support growth. Factors like family, media, peers, and societal trends can influence children's eating habits and food preferences. Regular monitoring of growth is important to identify any nutritional issues.
Geriatric nutrition- nutrition for optimal health, energy, and longevity in o...SriramNagarajan16
The over-sixties make up the fastest growing segment of the population in most countries. Although life expectancy
has also increased dramatically over the last 100 years, this segment of the population is susceptible to many health
risks from a poor diet. Evidence from various sources indicates that many older people fail to get the amounts and
types of food necessary to meet essentialenergy and nutrient needs. There are numerous reasons why older people
might not be getting the most nutritious diet Assessment of nutritional status is essential for preventing or maintaining
a chronic disease and for healing. Knowing the causes of changing nutritional needs and dietary preferences is needed
to understand a patient’s nutritional status. The nutrient requirements for older adults include increased in take of
vitamins D,B 12 ,and B 6and calcium. An old Age individual needs to balance energy intake with his or her level of
physical activity to avoid storing excess body fat. Dietary practices and food choices are related to wellness and affect
health, fitness, weight management, and the prevention of chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular
diseases, cancer , and diabetes.the present Article Reviews the role of balanced Nutrition for old Age Persons
323 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing the study .docxrhetttrevannion
323
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completing the study of this concept, you will be able to:
▶ Apply basic guidelines for healthy eating.
▶ List and apply dietary recommendations for carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins,
minerals, and water.
▶ Interpret and use food labels to make healthy decisions.
▶ Describe and incorporate sound eating practices.
▶ Describe and apply nutrition
guidelines for active people
and those interested in
performance (e.g., sports).
▶ Analyze your diet to
determine nutrient quality.
▶ Compare nutritional quality
of various foods.
Nutrition
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The amount and kinds of food
you eat affect your health
and wellness.
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324 Section 5 ▶ Nutrition and Body Composition
T he importance of good nutrition for optimal health is well established. Eating patterns have been related to
four of the seven leading causes of death, and poor nutri-
tion increases the risks for numerous diseases, includ-
ing heart disease, obesity, stroke, diabetes, hypertension,
osteoporosis, and many cancers (e.g., colon, prostate,
mouth, throat, lung, and stomach). The American Cancer
Society estimates that 35 percent of cancer risks are related
to nutritional factors. In addition to helping avoid these
health risks, proper nutrition can enhance the quality of
life by improving appearance and increasing the ability to
carry out work and leisure-time activity without fatigue.
Most people believe that nutrition is important but
still find it difficult to maintain a healthy diet. One rea-
son for this is that foods are usually developed, marketed,
and advertised for convenience and taste rather than for
health or nutritional quality. Another reason is that many
individuals have misconceptions about what constitutes
a healthy diet. Some of these misconceptions are propa-
gated by commercial interests and so-called experts with
less than impressive credentials. Other misconceptions
are created by the confusing, and often contradictory,
news reports about new nutrition research. In spite of the
fact that nutrition is an advanced science, many questions
remain unanswered. This concept reviews important
national guidelines and recommendations for healthy
eating. The significance of essential dietary nutrients
is also described along with strategies for adopting and
maintaining a healthy diet.
Guidelines for Healthy Eating
National dietary guidelines provide a sound plan
for good nutrition. The U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA) and the Department of Health and Human Ser-
vices (DHHS) publishes a definitive report called the
Dietary Guidelines for Americans to help consumers make
healthier food choices. Federal law requires that these
guidelines be updated every 5 years to incorporate new
research findings. The most recent USDA nutrition
guid.
323
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completing the study of this concept, you will be able to:
▶ Apply basic guidelines for healthy eating.
▶ List and apply dietary recommendations for carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins,
minerals, and water.
▶ Interpret and use food labels to make healthy decisions.
▶ Describe and incorporate sound eating practices.
▶ Describe and apply nutrition
guidelines for active people
and those interested in
performance (e.g., sports).
▶ Analyze your diet to
determine nutrient quality.
▶ Compare nutritional quality
of various foods.
Nutrition
C
o
n
c
e
p
t 14
The amount and kinds of food
you eat affect your health
and wellness.
cor22568_ch14_323-348.indd 323 8/24/12 4:00 PM
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324 Section 5 ▶ Nutrition and Body Composition
T he importance of good nutrition for optimal health is well established. Eating patterns have been related to
four of the seven leading causes of death, and poor nutri-
tion increases the risks for numerous diseases, includ-
ing heart disease, obesity, stroke, diabetes, hypertension,
osteoporosis, and many cancers (e.g., colon, prostate,
mouth, throat, lung, and stomach). The American Cancer
Society estimates that 35 percent of cancer risks are related
to nutritional factors. In addition to helping avoid these
health risks, proper nutrition can enhance the quality of
life by improving appearance and increasing the ability to
carry out work and leisure-time activity without fatigue.
Most people believe that nutrition is important but
still find it difficult to maintain a healthy diet. One rea-
son for this is that foods are usually developed, marketed,
and advertised for convenience and taste rather than for
health or nutritional quality. Another reason is that many
individuals have misconceptions about what constitutes
a healthy diet. Some of these misconceptions are propa-
gated by commercial interests and so-called experts with
less than impressive credentials. Other misconceptions
are created by the confusing, and often contradictory,
news reports about new nutrition research. In spite of the
fact that nutrition is an advanced science, many questions
remain unanswered. This concept reviews important
national guidelines and recommendations for healthy
eating. The significance of essential dietary nutrients
is also described along with strategies for adopting and
maintaining a healthy diet.
Guidelines for Healthy Eating
National dietary guidelines provide a sound plan
for good nutrition. The U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA) and the Department of Health and Human Ser-
vices (DHHS) publishes a definitive report called the
Dietary Guidelines for Americans to help consumers make
healthier food choices. Federal law requires that these
guidelines be updated every 5 years to incorporate new
research findings. The most recent USDA nutrition
guid.
The document outlines the dietary requirements of athletes compared to normal requirements. It discusses how athletes have higher energy, carbohydrate, protein, and micronutrient needs. Specific guidelines are provided on recommended daily intake of these nutrients for athletes. The document also discusses some commonly used supplements for athletes and the scientific rationale for these supplements. Female athletes in particular are noted to be at risk for certain nutrient deficiencies due to low energy intake and sports that encourage leanness.
The document provides recommendations on nutrition for athletes and active individuals from the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine. The key recommendations are:
1) Athletes need adequate energy intake, especially carbohydrates and protein, during periods of intense training to maintain health and maximize performance.
2) Athletes should stay well hydrated before, during, and after exercise by drinking fluids to prevent dehydration.
3) Supplements are generally not needed if dietary needs are met from whole foods, but may benefit those with restricted diets or specific deficiencies.
323 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing the study .docxdomenicacullison
323
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completing the study of this concept, you will be able to:
▶ Apply basic guidelines for healthy eating.
▶ List and apply dietary recommendations for carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins,
minerals, and water.
▶ Interpret and use food labels to make healthy decisions.
▶ Describe and incorporate sound eating practices.
▶ Describe and apply nutrition
guidelines for active people
and those interested in
performance (e.g., sports).
▶ Analyze your diet to
determine nutrient quality.
▶ Compare nutritional quality
of various foods.
Nutrition
C
o
n
c
e
p
t 1
4
The amount and kinds of food
you eat affect your health
and wellness.
cor22568_ch14_323-348.indd 323 8/24/12 4:00 PM
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1
6
9
2
T
S
324 Section 5 ▶ Nutrition and Body Composition
T
he importance of good nutrition for optimal health is
well established. Eating patterns have been related to
four of the seven leading causes of death, and poor nutri-
tion increases the risks for numerous diseases, includ-
ing heart disease, obesity, stroke, diabetes, hypertension,
osteoporosis, and many cancers (e.g., colon, prostate,
mouth, throat, lung, and stomach). The American Cancer
Society estimates that 35 percent of cancer risks are related
to nutritional factors. In addition to helping avoid these
health risks, proper nutrition can enhance the quality of
life by improving appearance and increasing the ability to
carry out work and leisure-time activity without fatigue.
Most people believe that nutrition is important but
still find it difficult to maintain a healthy diet. One rea-
son for this is that foods are usually developed, marketed,
and advertised for convenience and taste rather than for
health or nutritional quality. Another reason is that many
individuals have misconceptions about what constitutes
a healthy diet. Some of these misconceptions are propa-
gated by commercial interests and so-called experts with
less than impressive credentials. Other misconceptions
are created by the confusing, and often contradictory,
news reports about new nutrition research. In spite of the
fact that nutrition is an advanced science, many questions
remain unanswered. This concept reviews important
national guidelines and recommendations for healthy
eating. The significance of essential dietary nutrients
is also described along with strategies for adopting and
maintaining a healthy diet.
Guidelines for Healthy Eating
National dietary guidelines provide a sound plan
for good nutrition. The U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA) and the Department of Health and Human Ser-
vices (DHHS) publishes a definitive report called the
Dietary Guidelines for Americans to help consumers make
healthier food choices. Federal law requires that these
guidelines be updated every 5 years to incorporate new
research findings. The most recent USDA nutrition .
323 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing the study .docxlorainedeserre
323
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completing the study of this concept, you will be able to:
▶ Apply basic guidelines for healthy eating.
▶ List and apply dietary recommendations for carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins,
minerals, and water.
▶ Interpret and use food labels to make healthy decisions.
▶ Describe and incorporate sound eating practices.
▶ Describe and apply nutrition
guidelines for active people
and those interested in
performance (e.g., sports).
▶ Analyze your diet to
determine nutrient quality.
▶ Compare nutritional quality
of various foods.
Nutrition
C
o
n
c
e
p
t 1
4
The amount and kinds of food
you eat affect your health
and wellness.
cor22568_ch14_323-348.indd 323 8/24/12 4:00 PM
F
O
S
T
E
R
,
C
E
D
R
I
C
1
6
9
2
T
S
324 Section 5 ▶ Nutrition and Body Composition
T
he importance of good nutrition for optimal health is
well established. Eating patterns have been related to
four of the seven leading causes of death, and poor nutri-
tion increases the risks for numerous diseases, includ-
ing heart disease, obesity, stroke, diabetes, hypertension,
osteoporosis, and many cancers (e.g., colon, prostate,
mouth, throat, lung, and stomach). The American Cancer
Society estimates that 35 percent of cancer risks are related
to nutritional factors. In addition to helping avoid these
health risks, proper nutrition can enhance the quality of
life by improving appearance and increasing the ability to
carry out work and leisure-time activity without fatigue.
Most people believe that nutrition is important but
still find it difficult to maintain a healthy diet. One rea-
son for this is that foods are usually developed, marketed,
and advertised for convenience and taste rather than for
health or nutritional quality. Another reason is that many
individuals have misconceptions about what constitutes
a healthy diet. Some of these misconceptions are propa-
gated by commercial interests and so-called experts with
less than impressive credentials. Other misconceptions
are created by the confusing, and often contradictory,
news reports about new nutrition research. In spite of the
fact that nutrition is an advanced science, many questions
remain unanswered. This concept reviews important
national guidelines and recommendations for healthy
eating. The significance of essential dietary nutrients
is also described along with strategies for adopting and
maintaining a healthy diet.
Guidelines for Healthy Eating
National dietary guidelines provide a sound plan
for good nutrition. The U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA) and the Department of Health and Human Ser-
vices (DHHS) publishes a definitive report called the
Dietary Guidelines for Americans to help consumers make
healthier food choices. Federal law requires that these
guidelines be updated every 5 years to incorporate new
research findings. The most recent USDA nutrition ...
For this evaluation prepare a power point presentation about your ShainaBoling829
For this evaluation prepare a power point presentation about your health promotion initiative. The length would equal the sections of your paper. For example, if your paper contains 8 sections, your presentation will be 8 slides plus the introduction and references, totaling 10 slides.
1. Describe the health problem. Using data and statistics support your claim that the issue you selected is a problem. What specifically will you address in your proposed health promotion program? Be sure your proposed outcome is realistic and measureable. (1-2 slides).
2. Describe the vulnerable population and setting. What are the risk factors that make this a vulnerable population? Use evidence to support the risk factors you have identified. (1-2 slides).
3. Present your health promotion/disease prevention theoretical framework or conceptual model that would best serve as the framework guiding the proposal. Provide rationale for your selection which includes discussion of the concepts of the selected model. (1 slide).
4. Present your health promotion program using an evidence-based intervention. Include a thorough discussion of the specifics of this intervention which include resources necessary, those involved, and feasibility for a nurse in an advanced role. Be certain to include a timeline. (1-2 slides)
5. Describe your intended outcomes. Describe the outcomes in detail concurrent with the SMART goal approach. (1-2 slides).
6. Present your plan for evaluation for each outcome. (1-2 slides).
7. Thoroughly describe possible barriers/challenges to implementing the proposed project as well as strategies to address these barriers/challenges. (1-2 slides).
Follow the rule of 7 of professional presentations: Use no more than 7 lines of text per slide, with around 7 words per line. Explanations would be added to the notes sections or as a separate paper.
Running head: ASSIGNMENT 2
ASSIGNMENT 2
Assignment 2 SMART Goal Planning Form
Nutrition
Florida National University
Alina Rivero
Health Promotion and Role Development in Advanced Nursing Practice
Professor: Alexander Garcia Salas
February 16, 2022
Smart Goal Planning Form
When children are knowledgeable about the adverse effects of unhealthy nutrition on their health and the risk of complications brought by their diabetes conditions, there will be reduction of the risks and other associated complications to ensure that healthy body weight and a low BMI are attained by consumption of healthy diets within three months.
Running head: HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM 2
HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM 2
Health Promotion Program
Alina Rivero Paret
Florida National University
April 09, 2022
Obesity is defined as a disorder that involves excess fat that leads to an increase in the risk of health issues. This condition results from the consumption of more calories than those which are burned through exercise activities or normal daily activities. A person is confirmed to be having obes ...
The overall goal of Healthy People 2020's Nutrition and Weight Status objectives is to promote health and reduce chronic disease risk through consumption of nutritious diets and maintenance of a healthy body weight. The objectives seek to address individual behaviors as well as policies and environments that support healthy eating and weight in various settings such as schools, workplaces, and healthcare organizations. Interventions can help increase knowledge and access to healthier food options while also providing opportunities for physical activity in order to prevent unhealthy weight gain and related health risks. One specific objective aims to increase the percentage of primary care physicians who regularly assess patient BMI to help address obesity.
Adolescent athletes face unique physical and mental health challenges due to the cognitive, emotional, and physical changes during this developmental period. It is important to support healthy nutrition, prevent overtraining and injuries, address potential eating disorders, and promote cognitive development in adolescent athletes. Coaches, trainers, parents, and schools all play a role in educating young athletes to make choices that optimize both physical performance and long-term well-being.
This document outlines a program called Champions for Healthy Kids that aims to prevent obesity and diabetes in children through nutrition education, physical activity, and lifestyle mentoring. The program will partner with local organizations to provide weekly mentor-led sessions focusing on healthy eating, exercise, and use of activity trackers. Evaluation will assess changes in behaviors, knowledge, and biometrics over the short and long term to ensure the program is effectively promoting prevention of obesity, diabetes, and their risk factors in participating youth. The goal is for the program to grow sustainably over time through ongoing review of best practices.
Assess The Effect of Resistance Training Compared To a Weight Loss Diet Progr...IOSR Journals
To evaluate the effect of a Resistance training program (BT) versus weight loss diet (DR) on body composition, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors in obese adolescents. Methods: Thirty obese adolescents with a BMI above the 97th percentile participated in a training program and diet for 12 weeks. They were randomized into two groups: a diet group (DR, n = 16) with a caloric restriction of 500 kcal / day and Strength training group (BT, n = 14) for all major muscle groups, three sessions / week with an intensity of 50-80% (1.RM) for 3 months. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed for all of our subjects before and after the intervention program of 12 weeks. Results: Significant variations of body composition parameters were observed in both groups. The decrease of BMI, body weight, fat mass and (WC) for the group (DR) was more important than the group (BT) (p <0.01><0.05><0.05)),><0.05).><0.05) respectively). Conclusion: Strength training improves much more the sensitivity to insulin and cardiovascular risk factors than weight loss diet program. The latter is more effective for weight loss, BMI and body fat in obese adolescent boys.
Running head PUBLIC HEALTH 1 PUBLIC .docxjeanettehully
Running head: PUBLIC HEALTH 1
PUBLIC HEALTH 4
Public health
Daysha Snipes
South University
PHE6404
Abstract
Obesity among American Hispanic females between the ages of twenty and sixty-four years old is the new health inequality in the United States. Food, physical activity, and obesity are one of these twelve leading health indices categorized as important national health issues by Healthy People 2020. Obesity is classified as anyone who surpasses substance mass indicator (BMI ) of thirty. According to females' wellness, three at four American females are overweight or obese. History of woman in Sports For most human history, healthy rivalry has been considered as an entirely masculine thing. Females weren't allowed to see most sporting events. Let only act in them. Not till late nineteenth century did females start participating in sporting events. Although females were allowed to participate in some sports, relatively few showed benefit, for a variety of cultural and mental reasons that are even poorly understood.
Although the fast gains seen in fat since the 1970s seem to have leveled off, Fat and obesity continue to take severe issues in the United States. Increasing physical activity and improving food are keys to fat prevention and control, in addition to policies that alter the situation to make wholesome eating and healthy physical activity more comfortable, safer, and more pleasing are expected to take most effective.
· Campaigns relying mainly on knowledge distribution and training to alter attitudes and behaviors associated with food and physical activity are the great importance of government action to ensure obesity. One might believe that the American world is flooded with media pictures that encourage fitness and inform about the risks of obesity (ONYECHERE, 2014).
· The overall population knows that mediocre food, lack of physical activity and fat are causing many health issues. The CDC is undertaking The problematic public health issue starting with schools, which should offer The quality nutrition system and ensure only healthful foods and drinks are available to students. As part of obesity prevention, multiple organizations will assist people recognize their body mass index, keep a healthy weight and incorporate physical activity into their lives (Raimond, 2013).
· The objective within its endeavors to advance the building food surroundings, encourage student health, in addition to decrease early days obesity, this region can hold on to the ADE principle Governing food in addition to Physical Activity Standards as well as Body Mass Index for the Age Assessment Protocols. To encourage diet, physical activity, in addition to other education-based events that can progress student health, the region, working with the SNPAAC, Has demonstrated the following goals: Use the level suitable nutrition training system that can create the consciousness of as well as understanding for food as well as physical activity ...
The document discusses the emerging role of diet coaching in obesity treatment and weight management. It notes that while dietitians receive training in nutrition science, they often lack skills in behavior change and coaching needed to help clients maintain long-term weight loss and lifestyle changes. The document argues that dietitians should receive additional training in techniques like cognitive behavioral therapy, neuro-linguistic programming, and health coaching in order to more effectively promote sustainable behavior change and wellness among clients.
This document discusses the role of nutrition in nursing. It begins with definitions of key nutrition terms and explores how nutrition impacts health through growth, infection resistance, and disease. Specific nutritional problems in India like protein-energy malnutrition, anemia, and goiter are also examined. The document emphasizes the important role nurses play in nutritional assessment, education, and developing therapeutic diets to maintain and promote patient health.
The document discusses nutrition month in the Philippines and promoting healthy diets. The key points are:
- Nutrition month is celebrated annually in July to increase awareness of nutrition. The 2017 theme is "Healthy diet, gawing habit – FOR LIFE!"
- A healthy diet includes a variety of foods from different groups to meet nutrient needs while staying within calorie needs. An unhealthy diet is high in saturated fats, sodium and added sugars.
- Promoting healthy diets can help prevent malnutrition and diseases like hypertension and diabetes. Recommendations include eating more fruits and vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins.
Similar to Nutrition, Sports, and Covid-19 Lockdown Impact on Young Competitive Artistic Swimming Athletes (20)
Nanoparticles are small molecules with size ranging between 1-100nm. Basis of their classification is their properties shapes and size. These find usage in wide range of industries from agricultural, biomedical, environmental and food. There are numerous ways of producing these nanoparticles using chemicals and biological means. Use of various micro-organisms (biological process) is highly effective in producing high quality, toxin free and cost effective nanoparticles.
Austin Publishing Group- Case report of external compression in stevens johns...Austin Publishing Group
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) form a spectrum of severe mucocutaneous reactions, characterized by epidermal detachment and necrosis. Though disease mortality and morbidity are high, treatment remains mostly of supportive measures with varying efficacy.
Austin publishing group - Oral kefir grains supplementation improves metaboli...Austin Publishing Group
This study has a novel approach to investigate the effects of oral supplementation of kefir grains on metabolic improvement and the expression of the antioxidant enzymes Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Catalase (CAT) of the liver in malnourished mice.
Primary hypotensive reaction is a rare type of transfusion reaction caused by excess bradykinin in the blood product, which is typically not screened for during packed red blood cell preparation. Here, we describe a patient who experienced hypotension during blood transfusion that could not be attributed to other life-threatening reactions such as acute hemolytic reaction, anaphylaxis, transfusion-related acute lung injury, or sepsis.
Nalbuphine hydrochloride (5a,6a)-17-(Cyclobutylmethyl)-4,5- epoxymorphinan-3,6,14-triol hydrochloride, is narcotic analgesic drug which is a morphine- like drug with agonist activity at the k- opioid receptor and antagonist activity at the μ-opioid receptor. Nalbuphine is recommended for use in moderate to serve pain and its indications include pain after myocardial infraction.
As an uncommon malignant tumor, hypopharyngeal cancer accounts for 3–5% of head and neck tumors [1]. Most pathological types of hypopharyngeal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma. Due to the occult anatomical location of hypopharyngeal cancer and poor surgical effect, local recurrence or distant metastasis often occurs in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer following surgery.
Level of knowledge of the human papilloma virus in women of a primary care un...Austin Publishing Group
The HPV is a virus that belongs to the papolomaviridae family [1]. It infects and replicates in the nucleus of epithelial cells, its main site of involvement is the transitional epithelium of the cervix, affecting basal cells of the squamous epithelium. It has the ability to infect on contact with the skin, by sexual and vertical transmission at the time of delivery.
Perspectives on Transitional Care for Vulnerable Older Patients A Qualitative...Austin Publishing Group
Transitional care for vulnerable older patients is optimal if, on top of the organization of transitional care, these patients and their informal caregivers have trust in the professionals involved. Regarding the challenge of organizing increasingly complex transitional care for vulnerable older patients, the focus should shift towards optimizing trust.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is an international scholarly peer reviewed Open Access journal, aims to promote the research in the field of Virology.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Case Reports, Short Communications, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images
Austin Virology and Retrovirology supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in virology research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Austin Transplantation Sciences is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Transplantation Sciences.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all areas of Transplantation Sciences. Austin Transplantation Sciences accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of Transplantation Sciences.
Austin Transplantation Sciences strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Austin Hematology is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Hematology.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all areas of Hematology. Austin Hematology accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of hematology.
Austin Hematology strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Gastroenterology deals with disorders of the digestive system including oral, esophageal, gastric, intestinal and accessory gland diseases. Gastroparesis causes symptoms like heartburn, nausea, vomiting and erratic blood sugar levels due to slow stomach emptying which can be caused by stomach surgery, diabetes, eating disorders or nervous system disorders. Treatment involves eating small, low-fiber and low-fat meals frequently and chewing food well.
Journal of Endocrine Disorders is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by Austin Publishers. It provides easy access to high quality Manuscripts in all related aspects of several problems associated with in the endocrine system that can result in numerous disorders, including diabetes, obesity, thyroid disorders, osteoporosis and hormone malfunction. The Journal focuses upon all the endocrine disorders and the new advancements in the related treatments.
Austin Publishing Group is a successful host of more than hundred peer reviewed, open access journals in various fields of science and technology with intent to bridge the gap between academia and research access.
Journal of Endocrine Disorders accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, mini reviews, rapid communication, opinions and editorials on all related aspects of diseases associated with endocrine system.
Austin Journal of Drug Abuse and Addiction is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of drug abuse and addiction treatment.
The renowned team of guest editors ensures a balanced, expert assessment of the articles published, with an aim to provide a forum for physicians, researchers and other healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of addiction treatment.
Austin Journal of Drug Abuse and Addiction accepts original research articles, review articles and short communication on all the aspects of drug abuse and addiction treatment for review and possible publication.
Austin Digestive System is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Digestive System.
The journal aims to promote latest information and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians, and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of Digestive System. Austin Digestive System accepts research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of Digestive System.
Austin Digestive System strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing.
Austin Diabetes Research is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Diabetes.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all areas of Diabetes. Austin Diabetes Research accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of Diabetes.
Austin Diabetes Research strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Dermatology is the branch of medicine concerned with the skin, hair, nails, and their disorders. It includes areas like cosmetic dermatology, pediatric dermatology, dermatopathology, Mohs surgery, laser therapy, hair transplantation, and treatments like radiation therapy, cryosurgery, phototherapy, and photodynamic therapy. Common dermatological disorders mentioned include psoriasis, skin cancer, eczema, alopecia, acne, and rashes. Causes of skin disorders include heavy sun exposure, vitamin deficiency, improper diet, environmental factors like pollution, and unhygienic conditions or habits. Prevention involves using sunscreen, keeping clean, eating hygienic
Austin Journal of Dentistry is an open access, peer review journal publishing original research & review articles in all the fields of Dentistry.
The Journal aims to provide a forum for all researchers, scientists, scholars, students to publish their research work & also find recent advances in the area of Dentistry. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. Austin Journal of Dentistry accepts high quality articles of various types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, Case Reports, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images.
Austin Journal of Dentistry supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in Dentistry research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Austin Cardiology is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Cardiology.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all areas of Cardiology. Austin Cardiology accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of cardiology.
Austin Cardiology strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by Austin Publishers. It provides easy access to high quality manuscripts in all related aspects of two major sub branches of Microbiology namely Bacteriology: the study of Bacterial Mycology& the study of fungus. The Journal focuses upon the identification, classification, characterization of bacterial/fungal species and the infections and health issues caused by these dreadful bacteria and fungus.
Austin Publishing Group is a successful host of more than hundred peer reviewed journals, open access journals in various fields of science and technology with intent to bridge the gap between academic and research access.
Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology journal accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, mini reviews, rapid communication, opinions and editorials in all related aspects of Bacterial Mycology & Fungal Species.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
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between nutrition and performance, he cannot effectively and
consciously manage a fruitful dietary program to perceive a winning
advantage.
Nutrition, in general, is a complicated issue strongly influenced
by food habits and choices guided by cultural influence or specific
knowledge. Additionally, rigorous food regimes involve athletes
and their environment. When young athletes are exposed to diet
and training regimens, the psychological impact could be too high
for their age, level of maturation or individual limits. Moreover,
environmental factor such family help (as the timing of food intake),
or social issues (as school time) can drastically influence the benefits
of sports participation that may be reduced or even deleterious [6].
In this regard, may help the food pyramid system for athletes
developed by Mattler et al. with the Federal Office of Sports, the Swiss
Society for Nutrition (NHS) and the Foundation for the Promotion of
Nutritional Research in Switzerland [7]. The pyramidal system would
allow athletes to adapt food regimes to the choices of specific foods in
function of the intensity of the sports activity, distinguishing between
the competitive phases and the rest phases.
Food-Based Dietary Guidelines for the
Young Athlete
The changing patterns of growth and development during
childhood and early adulthood in a busy lifestyle raise to individual
nutritional needs based on Food-based dietary guidelines, significant
social and psychological changes influences food choice and body
image. In young athletes, the combination of these implications with
daily training becomes a big challenge, including both the effect on
energy and nutrient requirements.
Inadequate energy intake may affect stature, puberty, hormone
developing and bone health [1], and it can be complicated by training
changes competitions.
Young athletes have more significant protein needs per kilogram
of body weight to satisfy their growth requirements and have higher
calcium needs to support bone accretion [8]. Moreover, the metabolic
cost of movement per kilogram of body mass is higher and increase
levels of fat are used during exercise.
The primary energy substrates are carbohydrates and fat, while
proteins are used in an extreme condition of training or competition.
Carbohydrates provide 4 Kcal/g of dry weight and are stored in
muscles, liver as glycogen. However, glycogen reserve in children is
lower than in adults [9], and enzymes are not fully developed. The
non-oxidative or anaerobic pathways comprise phosphogenic and
glycolytic reaction involved in very high intensity (1-10 sec), or high-
intensity exercise (max 3 min, with the production of lactate). A
decreased anaerobic capacity and lactate production were observed
in children related to lower lactate dehydrogenase activity [10,11].
An adequate intake of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and milk/
yoghurt and other essential nutrients, including, vitamins, minerals,
and dietary fibre, has been recommended by public health agencies
worldwide due to their association with a reduced risk of disease. On
the other hand, the use of high levels of carbohydrates can cause to
children and adolescence obesity and dental caries/erosion.
Children appear to oxidize fat more than carbohydrate compared
with adults, during and after exercise [12-15]. Preferential fat
oxidation is also indicated by a more significant increase in plasma
free glycerol [16] and free fatty acid concentrations during prolonged
exercise [17].
Moreover, ingestion of high-fat foods before exercise may reduce
(by 40%) the magnitude of growth hormone secretion during exercise
[18].
Besides, young athletes aiming to reduce body mass or fat may
overly restrict dietary fat intake, resulting in an insufficient intake
of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. Avocado and olive
oil with their high content on monounsaturated fatty acids are less
susceptible to oxidation and higher omega-3/omega-6 necessary for
the pro-inflammatory character.
Branched amino acid (leucine, valine, and isoleucine) are essential
to decreasing pain and muscle damage, less perceived exertion and
mental fatigue, and more significant anabolic response in the recovery
period and improved immune response.
In children and adolescents, adequate intakes of both energy and
protein are essential to maintain a positive nitrogen balance [19].
Limited data are available on the protein requirements of young
athletes. In most circumstances, protein intake is adequate if energy
intake meets requirements, and even in studies of young athletes who
typically restrict energy intake, protein intakes have usually been
observed to be adequate [1].
Dehydration is more detrimental to children than to adults, and
sweat electrolyte losses differ between children, adolescents, and
adults.
Children have lower sweat rates than adults, and prolonged or
intense, intermittent exercise can present with dehydration (more
significant sweat loss than fluid intake), which may affect performance
and health (20). Their higher relative body surface area causes them to
acclimate to heat more slowly. The age of the athletes also influences
sweat loss.
In children, and athletes, the sensation of thirst is altered,
appearing when 2% dehydration is achieved, and liquid should be
ingested before presenting the thirst sensation. However, amateur
athletes usually increase their water intake above their needs suffering
of dilutional hyponatremia.
Nowadays, competitive athletes began at earlier ages, increasing
the concern about the correct nutritional maintenance and the
energy demand to avoid adverse effects on growth and maturation.
Monitoring growth, body mass, and other anthropometric variables
can help health professionals to assess if energy intake is adequate for
a given young athlete to maintain growth, health, and performance.
Based on these considerations, it isn’t easy to establish a Dietary
Reference Intake (DRI) for energy in young athletes, and low dietary
Energy Intake (EI) relative to total Energy Expenditure (EE), can lead
to RED-S (Relative Energy Deficiency Syndrome) [21].
Female Athletes
Female athletes can face some additional dietary challenges,
including, additional requirements for some nutrients such as iron
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[22,23] and calcium, even if studies showed that a low intake during
childhood and adolescence, is partially compensated by higher
calcium retention efficiencies up to 50% [24]. Female adolescents
participating in distance running, walking, jumping or artistic
swimming may be at an increased risk of inadequate energy intake
concerning their pursuit of a lighter and leaner physique [25].
The attempt to achieve unrealistic body composition goals,
to levels that are not able to sustain healthy body function, cause a
higher risk of developing disordered eating/eating disorders in young
female athletes.
The lower energy availability can lead to menstrual disturbances
(interruption or irregularity to a regular menstrual cycle), reduced
basal metabolic rate, immunity impairment, poor hormonal function,
impaired bone density, impaired training adaptation leading to
reduced performance.
The “Female Athlete Triad” describes a medical condition
comprising Low Energy Availability (LEA) and Bone Mineral Density
(BMD), Menstrual Dysfunction (MD) [26], and altered functional
characteristics [27,28].
Artistic Swimming
Aquatic sports require a serious commitment from their
participants at a young age, swimming and diving request early age
starting since elite levels of performance are in their early-mid teen
yearsaftermanyyearsoftraining.Theneedsofsportaresuperimposed
on top of social and psychological changes. Synchronized or artistic
swimming is unique among aquatic sports requiring a variety of
athletic abilities, such as endurance, power, agility, acrobatics, and
flexibility, together with a sense of rhythm and team spirit [29].
Athletes train for several hours in a variety of exercise modalities,
mostly upside down, underwater and undertaking exercise while
breath-holding [30], with limited breaks, leads to consuming adequate
energy and fluid during the session. Underwater and upside-down
manoeuvres may cause discomfort following food/drink intake, and
athletes can experience gastrointestinal upset.
Volume/intensity/goalrepresentstheparametersforcarbohydrate
intake (fuel) according to training needs; also, high-quality protein
should be spread during the day, before and after workouts.
The energy requirements of artistic swimmers are challenging to
assess due to the contributions of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism
[31]. A study on Japanese artistic swimmers showed that total EE was
11.5 ± 2.8 MJ/day, changing drastically during intense training [32].
Artistic swimming athletes have a high risk for Disordered
Eating (DE) or Eating Disorders (ED) [33,34]. Impaired bone health,
together with ED, MD and distorted body image with dissatisfaction
were reported on college-level artistic swimmers [35].
Moreover, psychological consequences, including depression,
anxiety, and suicide, may appear [21,33,35].
Routines exercises may last 2 to 5min in length, mixing aerobic
endurance with anaerobic spots of max 1 min requiring exceptional
breath control (Robertson et al., 2014), and complex, high-intensity
movements with precise synchronization must be performed with
perfectionrequiringafullrangeofcardiovascularandmusculoskeletal
strength [30].
The judging system is complex and evaluates technical skill,
synchronization, and artistic impression. The body shape is not
among judging components; however, the aesthetic appearance of
the athletes can influence the overall judgment of the performance.
Individuals are required to achieve a uniform ‘ideal’ shape to achieve
competitive success.
Many artistic swimmers have eating anxiety, fearing that eating
appropriate foods and beverages negatively alter body composition
and increase body mass [36-38].
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Young
Competitive Artistic Swimming Athletes
COVID-19 has forced every athlete to reassess their immediate
sports goals. Aquatic athletes and artistic swimmers carry out 90%
of their activity in the water medium. Therefore, their physic is not
used to train out of the water. The closure of the swimming pools
and the impossibility of training at sea, has caused a rise of doubt and
negativity among many athletes and dry training exercisers suggested
initially from coaches have been soon discharged to avoid muscular
and physical injuries.
The impact of COVID-19 lockdown was observed on a group of
25 female, young artistic swimming athletes between 10 and 15 years
old.
The selected athletes were all part of a competitive team at the
regional and national level. Height ranged from 1.45 to 1.65 m., and
weight ranged from 35 to 55 Kg. The estimate basic metabolism
(BMI) of the athletes studied ranged from 1207 to 1416 Kcal/day [39].
The training activities, before the lockdown, include a daily
session of two hours, divided in the warm-up, swimming training
and technique session, followed by practicing sections to music or
taps, practicing with a partner, working on one specific figure or arm
until perfect. Training activities vary significantly in difficulty and
requirements depending on the objective of the athletes during the
season.
However, young athletes have similar objectives, and average
energy consumption can be calculated. As follows: warm-up session
from 293.63 to 433.01 Kcal, swimming training and technique session
from 147 to 231 Kcal, practicing session from 294 to 462 Kcal. Total
energy needs for a 2-hour training session ranging from 734.5 to
1126.01 Kcal. Therefore, the total energy need obtained from the sum
of BMI and energy training needs ranges from 1941.63 to 2542.01
Kcal.
Food intake during the day considering breakfast, morning snack,
lunch, afternoon snack and dinner account for 1629–1952 Kcal, for
a healthy diet of the studied group, and macronutrients accounted
for 45.5% carbohydrates, 50.9% protein, 3.5% fat. The percentual
breakdown of macronutrients should follow carbohydrates 45-55%,
protein 15%, and lipids 30-35%.
An apparent discrepancy was evidenced between macronutrients
intake during the training period and the suggested ratio of
macronutrients for healthy nutrition [40], with an inverted ratio of
fat/protein. This fact is related to an erroneous knowledge on the
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nutritional needs of young artistic swimming athletes and research
of ideal body shape.
During the COVID-19 lockdown phase, the young athletes had to
stop swimming training; moreover, the contemporary stop of schools
and a more strict contact with the families, led to better control of
nutrition, with a higher intake of fruit and vegetables and a better
distribution of the food during the day, favoured by the absence of
social commitments.
A similar amount of food intake together with an inversion of
the fat-protein ratio has led to a slight increase in weight, but also
a positive effect in the ideal ratio between macronutrients following
the Italian guidelines for healthy nutrition for young people up to 17
years old [40].
The present paper highlighted the extreme lack of adequate
forms of food education both among athletes and families which
play a strategic role, moreover, coaches and technical staff assisting
the teams do not take charge of filling this gap at young athlete level.
Family, coaches, and technical staff represent the environment that,
in fact, influences athletes at the crucial moment of their growth, both
physical and psychological.
The observations revealed the lack of adequate awareness in food
choices by athletes who, in the absence of guidelines, are confused,
and this could undoubtedly influence aspects such as disordered
eating and eating disorders as well as psychological aspects observed
in artistic swimming athletes including depression and anxiety.
Conclusion
Young artistic swimming athletes showed the absence of
nutritional knowledge and the composition of the food. Moreover,
families and coaches are not prepared to assist athletes in the
problematic choice of foods that are important for growth and sports
performance. Therefore, nutrition is committed to external inputs
and social suggestions.
Adult athletes are assisted by a nutritionist who built an ad hoc
diet, and it is not the same for young athletes. Therefore, we believe
that adequate guidelines should be made available for athletes,
families, and the technical environment to support food choices and
possible alternatives.
The Swiss athlete’s approach based on a pyramid structure
could be replicated and adapted to different sports activity of young
athletes. The infographic can immediately guide food choices both
by guaranteeing the correct relationship between macronutrients and
the adequate intake of micronutrients and by providing the necessary
information on individual food products and on the possibility of
choosing, for the same nutritional value, of different foods based on
indices ranging from bioavailability to digestibility.
The COVID-19 lockdown has forced athletes to stay in touch
with families by restoring a balance in nutrition, both as regards the
quality of the food used and the timing of intake.
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