This document provides an introduction and overview of robotics. It defines robotics as the study of designing, constructing, and using robots. A robot is described as a machine that resembles a human and performs mechanical and routine tasks on command. The key parts of a robot are then outlined as the manipulator, pedestal, controller, end effectors, and power source. Examples of robot applications discussed include industrial uses like machine loading and welding as well as medical, service, and space applications.

1. Introduction to
Robotics

2. OUTLINE
• History.
• What is robotics ?
• What is a robot ?
• Parts of a robot.
• Robots degrees of
freedom.
• Robot Coordinates.
• Advantages of Robots.
• Disadvantages of
Robots.
• Application.

4. WHAT IS ROBOTICS ?
• The study of the design ,Construction & Use of robots.
• Consist of not only robots but also other devices and systems
to perform the necessary tasks.
,
Humanoid
robot
Industrial robot

5. WHAT IS A ROBOT ?
• Origin of the word “robot”
• Czech word “robota”– labor, “robotnik” – workman
• A machine that resembles a human being and does
mechanical routine tasks on command. (Random House
Dictionary )
• An industrial robot is a re-programmable,
multifunctional manipulator designed to move
materials, parts, tools, or specialized devices through
variable programmed motions for the performance of a

6. What are the parts of a robot?
1. Manipulator
2. Pedestal
3. Controller
4. End Effectors
5. Power Source

7. 1.Manipulator
• Base
• Appendages
Shoulder
Arm
Grippers

8. 2.Pedestal
(Human waist)
• Supports the
manipulator.
• Acts as a
counterbalance.

9. 3.Controller
(The brain)
• Issues instructions to
the robot.
• Controls peripheral
devices.

10. 4.End Effectors
(The hand)
• Grippers
• Spray paint attachments
• Welding attachments

11. 5.Power Source
(The food)
• Electric
• Pneumatic
• Hydraulic

12. Robots degrees of freedom
 Degrees of Freedom : Number of
independent position variables which
would has to be specified to locate all
parts of a mechanism.
 In most manipulators this is usually the
number of joints.

13. ROBOT JOINTS
Prismatic Joint: Linear, No rotation involved.
(Hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder)
Revolute Joint: Rotary .
(electrically driven with stepper motor, servo motor)

14. ROBOT COORDINATES
 Cartesian/rectangular/gantry (3P) : 3 cylinders joint
 Cylindrical (R2P) : 2 Prismatic joint and 1 revolute joint
 Spherical (2RP) : 1 Prismatic joint and 2 revolute joint
 Articulated/anthropomorphic (3R) : All revolute(Human arm)
 Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA):
2 paralleled revolute joint and 1 additional prismatic joint
Fig. 1.4

15. ROBOT REFERENCE FRAMES
Most robots may
be programmed
to move relative
to either of
these reference
frames.
Fig. 1.6 A robot’s World, Joint, and Tool reference frames.

16. ADVANTAGES OF ROBOTS
 Robots increase productivity, safety, efficiency, quality, and
consistency of products.
 Robots can work in hazardous environments without the need.
 Robots need no environmental comfort.
 Robots work continuously without experiencing fatigue of problem.
 Robots have repeatable precision at all times.
 Robots can be much more accurate than human.
 Robots replace human workers creating economic problems.
 Robots can process multiple stimuli or tasks simultaneously.
Disadvantages of Robots
 Robots lack capability to respond in emergencies.
 Robots, although superior in certain senses, have limited capabilities
in Degree of freedom, Dexterity, Sensors, Vision system, real time
response.
 Robots are costly, due to Initial cost of equipment, Installation costs,
Need for Peripherals, Need for training, Need for programming.

17. ROBOT APPLICATION
• Machine loading
• Pick and place operations
• Welding
• Painting
• Sampling
• Assembly operation
• Manufacturing
• Surveillance
• Medical applications
• Assisting disabled individuals
• Hazardous environments
• Underwater, space, and remote locations
Spot Welding
Manipulator
NASA space
robot
Medical robot

18. SERVICE ROBOTS

19. THANK YOU !