This document provides an overview of robotics and artificial intelligence. It defines robotics as the science and technology of robots, their design, manufacture, and application. It discusses the history and development of robots from early designs by Leonardo da Vinci to modern industrial robots. The document also describes different types of robots including pick and place robots, continuous path control robots, and sensory robots. It outlines applications of robots in areas like manufacturing, space exploration, agriculture, and more. Finally, it introduces artificial intelligence concepts like autonomous agents and behavior engineering and provides examples of AI robots like SPOT, Fresh Kitty, and the humanoid robot COG.

1. ROBOTICS & ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
by,
A.Deepika Sri Subha.
C.Selva Lakshmi.
II IT
.Engineering College,sivakasi

2. OVERVIEW:
ROBOTICS
• DEFINITION
•HISTORY&DEVELOPMENT
•TYPES
•APPLICATIONS
•SHORTCOMINGS
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENGE

3. ROBOTICS
“Robotics” is the science and technology of
Robots, their design, manufacture, and
application
The word “Robotics” was first used in print
by Isaac Asimov, in his science fiction short
story "Runaround" (1941).

4. DEFINITION:
• Reprogrammable
• Multifunctional manipulator
• To move material, parts, tools
-(Robot Institute of America)
•Automatic Device
•performs functions normally
ascribed to humans
•or a machine in the form of a
human
-(Webster dictionary)

5. History &Development
•The word robot was introduced by Czech
writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R.
(Rossum's Universal Robots)
• written in 1920
•derived from the word “Robotovat” which
means “to slave” or “to work”
•first recorded designs of a humanoid robot
-Leonardo da Vinci (1495)
•early automation
- Jacques de Vaucanson(1738)
•humanoid robot known as Elektro
-Westinghouse(1930)

6. 1. Pick and place
-Moves items between points
2. Continuous path control
-Moves along a programmable path
3. Sensory
-Employs sensors for feedback

7. • Moves items from one point to
another
• Does not need to follow a
specific path between points

8. • Moves along a specific path
• Uses include welding, cutting,
machining parts.

9. • Uses sensors for feedback.
• Closed-loop robots use
sensors in conjunction with
actuators
• to gain higher accuracy –
servo motors.

10. • Rotation encoders
• Cameras
• Pressure sensors
• Temperature sensors
• Limit switches
• Optical sensors
• Sonar

11. •Actuators
•Power source
•Electric motors
•Linear actuators
•Series elastic actuators
•Muscle wire
•Elastic nanotubes

12. General Components of an industrial Robot:-
Manipulator
The part of the robot that performs the task
Controller
Brain or computer center which coordinates the robot’s
movements
Power supply
1. Hydraulic
2. Pneumatic
3. Electric
4. Vacuum
5. Often a combination; the end-effectors mostly pneumatic
Vehicle
Used to move the robot on a track, free wheels, treads,
or some type of legs/feet

13. Tasks which are:
Dangerous
• Space exploration
• chemical spill cleanup
• disarming bombs
• disaster cleanup
Boring and/or repetitive
• Welding car frames
• part pick and place
• manufacturing parts.
High precision or high speed
• Electronics testing
• Surgery
• precision machining.

14. Space Exploration
Two important
devices exist which
are proven space
robots
 Remotely Operated
Vehicle (ROV)
 Remote Manipulator
System (RMS)

15. Applications of Robots
This picture
shows a Historic
Space
Handshake
between Shuttle
and Space
Station Robots -
Image Courtesy
of CSA

16. Applications of Robots
Robotic Wheelchair
can facilitate patient
locomotion

17. Applications of Robots

18. Applications of Robots
Manufacturing
Probably the
industry which uses
robots the most.
Robots are useful in
repetitive tasks and
also work for longer
durations without
breaks.
e.g. Robots in car
production assembly
line

19. Applications of Robots
• Agriculture
Robots can do the
work that took a dozen
harvesters to do at the
same time. Robots are
used for harvesting,
reaping and sowing
purposes. They are
sometimes called,
‘Agrobots’.

20. Shortcomings of Robots
1. Are not creative or innovative
2. Do not think independently
3. Do not make complicated decisions
4. Do not learn from mistakes
5. Do not adapt quickly to changes in their
surroundings

21. Introduction To Artificial Intelligence
OVERVIEW:
•Introduction / Terminology
•Examples of Agencies
•SPOT & Fresh Kitty
•RoboCup
•Applications of AI and Robotics
•More Examples
•The Humanoid COG

22. Terminology
• Artificial Intelligence – The collective attributes of a computer, robot, or
other device capable of performing functions such as learning,
decision making, or other intelligent human behaviors.
• Autonomous Agent – A hardware (or software) based system that has
the following properties:
autonomy - able to operate without the direct intervention of humans
or others
social ability - able to interact with other agents and possibly humans
reactivity - able to perceive their environment and respond to
changes that occur in it
• Agency – A particular system composed of intelligent agents, such as
computers or robots, that cooperate in order to solve a problem.
• Behavior Engineering – A methodology used to develop behavior-
based autonomous agents.

24. Fresh Kitty
• Modular, inexpensive,
autonomous mobile robot
• 4 wheel toy car design
• Max. speed of 1 foot/sec
• On-board microcomputer
supervises and supports the
exchange of information
• Rotating turret holds 4 sonars
• Turret also holds an infrared
sensor to detect infrared rays
• 32 light sensors detect objects in
front of the robot
• Bumpers all around the robot used
to follow walls
• Radio modem to communicate
with remote agents

25. SPOT
• Autonomous mobile robot
• 2 independent wheel design
• Max. speed of 1 foot/sec
• On-board microcontroller
supervises and supports the
exchange of information
• Turret that holds infrared emitters
that can be detected at a distance
of up to 20 feet
• Bumpers all around the robot used
to follow walls
• Radio modem to communicate
with remote agents

26. How do SPOT and Fresh Kitty
work together?
• SPOT also holds a small brush on its back
• SPOT finds a wall and uses its bumper system and
sensors to follow edges and collect dust with its
brush
• Through radio frequency and infrared
communication SPOT can bring the dust back to
Fresh Kitty who has a vacuum cleaner waiting to suck
it up

28. RoboCup
RoboCup is an international research effort to promote
autonomous robots.
• Robots must cooperate in…
– Strategy acquisition
– Real-time reasoning
– Multi-agent collaboration
– Competition against another
team of robots

29. • Each robot has…
– Pentium 233MHz
– Linux OS
– Video camera and
frame grabber
– Sensor System
– Kicker

30. How to the robots make
decisions?
• Control is based on a set of behaviors
• Each behavior has a set of preconditions that either…
– Must be satisfied
– Are desired
• A behavior is selected when all of the “musts”
become true
• A behavior is selected from several behaviors based
on how many desired conditions are true

31. Applications of AI and Robotics
• Industrial Automation
• Services for the Disabled
• Vision Systems
• Planetary Exploration
• Mine Site Clearing
• Law Enforcement
• And Many Others…

32. More Examples

34. The Humanoid COG
• MIT’s finest
• Broken down COG is just a bunch
of sensors and actuators
• Except for legs and a flexible
spine, COG has all the major
degrees of freedom of the human
upper body
• Sight exists through video
cameras
• Hearing, touch, hand motion, and
speech are being added soon

36. REACHED CLIMB
BECAUSE OF:
• Working volume
• Accuracy
• Repeatability
• Speed and acceleration
• Resolution

37. Got idea about the “ALL ROUNDER OF
THE FUTURE GENERATION”??????

38. CONCLUSION
Why build a human-like
robot?
• Our bodies are critical to the representations that
we use for internal thought and language
• If a robot is looks like a human then it will be
natural for humans to interact with it in a human-
like way
• To develop similar task constraints

39. Thank you
Deepika srisubha.A,
Selva Lakshmi.C
B.TECH,I.T
II YR