Comparative risk assessment is used to set environmental management priorities by identifying and evaluating multiple risks. It involves four phases: planning, data collection and analysis to estimate risks, priority setting through risk comparison and debate, and reporting to inform risk management. Health risk assessment is a type of risk assessment that specifically evaluates potential public health impacts through steps like hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Examples provided assessed health risks from air pollution in Bangkok and pesticide exposure through food in Quito, Ecuador.

1. RISK ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT Nano Science & Technology Consortium

4. Assessments completed for about 10 cities and regionsNano Science & Technology Consortium

5. Environmental Management Comparative Health Risk Assessment is used to set priorities for environmental management. Identify and evaluate risks, set priorities among problems. Risk Assessment Develop and implement solutions for high priority problems Risk Management Nano Science & Technology Consortium

6. Environmental Risks Environmental damage may have three types of negative effects. Public Health--illness, injuries, deaths Ecological--loss of species and habitat Quality of Life--economic and social costs Nano Science & Technology Consortium

7. Types of “Risk Assessment” Health Risk Assessment: evaluates the potential public health impacts of an environmental condition Comparative Health Risk Assessment: evaluates and compares the potential health impacts of several environmental conditions Comparative Risk Assessment: evaluates and compares the potential health, ecological, and quality-of-life impacts of several environmental conditions Nano Science & Technology Consortium

9. Steps in Risk Assessment Exposure Assessment-- estimate a group’s exposure (amount, duration) Risk Characterization-- estimate the probability and severity of effects Nano Science & Technology Consortium

11. 300 - 1400 deaths Nano Science & Technology Consortium

12. Example:Health Risk Assessment Health Risk Assessment in Quito, Ecuador: Population: 1.1 million Pesticides in food: 44.3 g/day intake of heptachlor 11.0 g/day intake of aldrin Health Effects: 0.3 to 9.1 x 10-3 lifetime cancer risk Up to 150 excess cancer cases/year Nano Science & Technology Consortium

14. Determine scope of the study

15. Select and organize the team

16. Identify data types and sources

17. Data Collection and Analysis

18. Identify and gather data

19. Analyze data to estimate risksNano Science & Technology Consortium

21. Interpret and compare risks

22. Debate and agree on priorities

23. Reporting

24. Prepare report as input to risk management planningNano Science & Technology Consortium

26. sanitation, drainage, and wastewater

27. ambient and indoor air, gases and particles

28. solid and hazardous wastes

29. occupational injuries and exposures

30. infectious, vector-borne, and pollutant-related diseases Nano Science & Technology Consortium