The document summarizes environmental research and development funding by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for fiscal year 2013. It provides details on funding amounts and percentages for various EPA offices and programs, including the Office of Research and Development and its research programs in areas such as air/climate/energy, chemical safety, human health risk assessment, homeland security, and water resources. It describes the goals and objectives of research conducted by each program. Overall funding for EPA R&D in FY2013 is estimated at $550 million, a slight decrease from FY2012.
FUNDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BY THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL ...Lyle Birkey
This document summarizes federal funding for environmental research and development by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2014. It outlines the EPA's six major research areas and budgets for each. In 2014, the EPA's total budget for environmental research was $555 million. The largest shares went to research related to sustainable and healthy communities ($155 million), chemical safety and sustainability ($131 million), and safe and sustainable water resources ($111 million). The document provides details on the goals and programs within each research area.
This document discusses human health risk assessment. It defines risk assessment as having two main types - quantitative risk assessment and environmental risk assessment. Environmental risk assessment includes human health risk assessment, where risk is defined as hazard times exposure. The document outlines the process of human health risk assessment, including determining exposure through intake calculations, establishing toxicity values from animal studies with uncertainty factors, and characterizing risk for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals by calculating hazard quotients and risk levels. The goal of risk assessment is to properly assess and manage risks to avoid health effects.
FY 2013 R&D REPORT January 6 2014 - National Institute of HealthLyle Birkey
The National Institutes of Health allocates $75 million to the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) for environmental research and development in 2012. NIEHS' mission is to study how the environment affects human health to promote healthier lives. It focuses on diseases with strong environmental links and conducts long-term, high-risk research through various programs studying topics like biostatistics, epidemiology, toxicology and neurobiology. NIEHS supports numerous extramural programs on issues like autism, bisphenol A, breast cancer and the environment, and Superfund sites.
Transfer and generalization of monetary estimatesOECD Environment
This document discusses possibilities and challenges in transferring monetary estimates for environmental and health benefits of regulating chemicals. It defines value transfer and outlines requirements like databases of studies, quality assessment guidelines, and transfer methods. Challenges include translating risk assessments to valued endpoints, lack of primary studies, scaling issues, and accounting for interactions between chemicals. Tentative approaches include improving existing assessments and utilizing literature on disability-adjusted life years, but there are still large knowledge gaps, particularly around dose-response functions and valuation of new health and environmental impacts.
Measuring the Economic Value of Chemicals on Ecological System and Human Heal...OECD Environment
Background presentation 2
OECD Workshop on SocioEconomic Impact Assessment of Chemicals Management, Helsinki, 7 July 2016
Measuring the Economic Value of Chemicals on Ecological System and Human Health, by Anna Alberini, University of Maryland
Chemical Risk Assessment and Translation to Socio-Economic AssessmentsOECD Environment
OECD Workshop on SocioEconomic Impact Assessment of Chemicals Management, Helsinki, 7 July 2016
Background paper 1: Chemical Risk Assessment and Translation to Socio-Economic Assessments, by Weihsueh A. Chiu, Texas A&M University
FUNDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BY THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL ...Lyle Birkey
This document summarizes federal funding for environmental research and development by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2014. It outlines the EPA's six major research areas and budgets for each. In 2014, the EPA's total budget for environmental research was $555 million. The largest shares went to research related to sustainable and healthy communities ($155 million), chemical safety and sustainability ($131 million), and safe and sustainable water resources ($111 million). The document provides details on the goals and programs within each research area.
This document discusses human health risk assessment. It defines risk assessment as having two main types - quantitative risk assessment and environmental risk assessment. Environmental risk assessment includes human health risk assessment, where risk is defined as hazard times exposure. The document outlines the process of human health risk assessment, including determining exposure through intake calculations, establishing toxicity values from animal studies with uncertainty factors, and characterizing risk for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals by calculating hazard quotients and risk levels. The goal of risk assessment is to properly assess and manage risks to avoid health effects.
FY 2013 R&D REPORT January 6 2014 - National Institute of HealthLyle Birkey
The National Institutes of Health allocates $75 million to the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) for environmental research and development in 2012. NIEHS' mission is to study how the environment affects human health to promote healthier lives. It focuses on diseases with strong environmental links and conducts long-term, high-risk research through various programs studying topics like biostatistics, epidemiology, toxicology and neurobiology. NIEHS supports numerous extramural programs on issues like autism, bisphenol A, breast cancer and the environment, and Superfund sites.
Transfer and generalization of monetary estimatesOECD Environment
This document discusses possibilities and challenges in transferring monetary estimates for environmental and health benefits of regulating chemicals. It defines value transfer and outlines requirements like databases of studies, quality assessment guidelines, and transfer methods. Challenges include translating risk assessments to valued endpoints, lack of primary studies, scaling issues, and accounting for interactions between chemicals. Tentative approaches include improving existing assessments and utilizing literature on disability-adjusted life years, but there are still large knowledge gaps, particularly around dose-response functions and valuation of new health and environmental impacts.
Measuring the Economic Value of Chemicals on Ecological System and Human Heal...OECD Environment
Background presentation 2
OECD Workshop on SocioEconomic Impact Assessment of Chemicals Management, Helsinki, 7 July 2016
Measuring the Economic Value of Chemicals on Ecological System and Human Health, by Anna Alberini, University of Maryland
Chemical Risk Assessment and Translation to Socio-Economic AssessmentsOECD Environment
OECD Workshop on SocioEconomic Impact Assessment of Chemicals Management, Helsinki, 7 July 2016
Background paper 1: Chemical Risk Assessment and Translation to Socio-Economic Assessments, by Weihsueh A. Chiu, Texas A&M University
The document discusses methodologies for environmental risk assessment and management from various institutions. It summarizes the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) methodology, which is widely used and based on a four-part paradigm of hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. The US EPA incorporates the NAS paradigm into its guidelines and has published additional guidelines focused on chemical mixtures, cumulative risk assessment, and other topics. Other methodologies discussed include those from the European Environmental Agency, European Chemicals Bureau, and Japan's National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. In general, risk assessment methodologies aim to break complex problems down, study components individually, then combine them while accounting for human health, ecological, social and economic factors
Alan Krupnick (Resources for the Future)'s keynote presentation to the OECD workshop on the socioeconomic impact assessment of chemicals management. Helsinki, 6 July 2016.
The monitoring program has a goal of managing contaminants of emerging concern and deriving water quality standards from 2007-present with a budget of $11 million. It monitors 375 substances nationwide at 115 points each season, focusing on substances like metals, volatile organic compounds, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and more. Standards have been derived for 1,4-Dioxane, Formaldehyde, and Hexachlorobenzene based on a process that selects candidate substances, monitors them nationwide, performs risk assessments, and derives standards while building a database and establishing a monitoring system. Issues around aligning water quality standards with drinking water standards and balancing scientific and stakeholder criteria remain.
OECD Workshop on SocioEconomic Impact Assessment of Chemicals Management, Helsinki, 8 July 2016
Quantifying Regulatory Efficacy
Susan E. Dudley, Director. Regulatory Studies Center, The George Washington University
This document summarizes an OECD workshop on managing contaminants of emerging concern in surface waters. It discusses the need for alternative and predictive testing strategies to assess more chemicals and mixtures in a rapid and cost-effective manner. Current water quality frameworks focus on a limited number of legacy chemicals but newer analytical methods are detecting many more contaminants. There is also insufficient consideration of complex mixture risks. The document calls for a more holistic and solutions-oriented approach based on modeling chemical emissions and exposures to better prospectively protect human and environmental health.
This document discusses contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from the perspective of a water utility. It notes that the definition of water quality is shifting from a legal and health perspective to a consumer point of view focused on absence of contaminants. The water utility takes steps to protect water resources, monitor for regulated contaminants and CECs, and remove contamination through multi-step treatment involving activated carbon, ozonation, and UV disinfection. However, fulfilling the consumer ideal of total absence of all contaminants at very low levels may not be possible. The utility conducts research to better monitor and understand CECs and collaborates with health agencies, but predicting future regulations remains challenging.
Nih / Some Notes -- climate change and human healthTom Moritz
The document discusses several topics related to climate change and human health:
1) It summarizes key definitions and concepts from reports on global change assessments, including the importance of salience, credibility, and legitimacy in assessment processes.
2) It provides an overview of the NIH's Big Data to Knowledge initiative, which aims to help biomedical researchers access and analyze increasingly large datasets to advance research.
3) It outlines some of the major challenges in using biomedical big data, such as locating and accessing data and tools, standardizing data, and training more researchers in big data skills.
4) It reviews several studies and reports on the relationships between climate change, weather, air quality, and human health
Combined effects of global climate change and toxicants are complex and can be exacerbated or compensated for at higher levels of biological organization. The study discusses 4 ecological mechanisms using 3 case studies: 1) Demographic processes can compensate or propagate individual impacts to population levels. 2) Climate change can reduce resistance and recovery from toxicants at population and community levels. 3) Acquired tolerance to stressors often comes at a cost of reduced genetic diversity and increased susceptibility. 4) Species vulnerability is influenced by traits and landscape changes from climate change altering toxicant exposures. Long-term experiments incorporating realistic climate projections are needed to make reliable predictions.
This document summarizes the UKWIR Chemical Investigations Programme from 2010-2020. The £165M program examined 74 substances at 600 sewage treatment works to establish the likelihood of exceeding environmental quality standards and potential treatment options. Findings showed that most chemicals of concern come from domestic sources and some substances are ubiquitous. Catchment studies showed sewage effluent is not always the main contributor to poor river quality. Economic analyses estimated costs of £27-31BN for end-of-pipe pharmaceutical solutions and found public willingness to pay £73-168/household/year for metal and chemical pollution reductions, though valuations have remaining issues to address.
FUNDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ...Lyle Birkey
The document discusses federal funding for environmental research and development by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) in 2014. It finds that the DOD spent $129 million on defense-wide environmental programs, including $62 million on the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and $66 million on the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program. It also provides funding details for the Department of the Army ($40 million), Department of the Navy ($79 million), and Department of the Air Force ($1 million). The document contains a table summarizing these funding amounts and percentages changes from 2013 to 2014 for various DOD environmental research programs.
Selection of optimal air pollution control strategieseSAT Journals
The document presents a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model for selecting optimal air pollution control strategies. The model aims to minimize total costs, including installation, operating, and health costs of pollution control equipment, while meeting emission reduction targets. It considers multiple pollutants from multiple emission sources and multiple control technologies. Case studies applying the model to a cement plant and power plant are used to demonstrate its effectiveness in identifying lowest-cost compliance options.
The document summarizes a call for projects in France from 2013-2018 regarding micropollutants in urban waters. The call aims to test innovative solutions to manage micropollutants at a local scale by empowering local authorities, industries, and scientists to collaborate on projects. Thirteen projects were selected that address domestic pollution, pollution from rainfall, health activities, and multi-source pollution. The expected results include improved diagnosis of micropollutants, more efficient reduction treatments, and promoting behavior changes among stakeholders to reduce micropollutants and support a green economy.
Long-Range Research Initiative
- Global Research Strategy
21st Century Approaches to Risk Sciences
The Long-Range Research Initiative (LRI) of the American Chemistry Council (ACC) promotes innovations in chemical safety assessment. It invests in science essential for understanding the impact of chemicals on human health and the environment.
LRI’s mission is to foster a sustainable and healthy future through support of high quality science that targets the science-policy interface and advances the science used in decision-making.
Global Initiatives :
Science that advances chemical management practices for a global economy.
The document describes the National Academies Press, which publishes books from various National Academies organizations. It provides information about accessing books from the press, including downloading PDFs for free, reading books online for free, exploring research tools, and being notified of new publications. It also provides customer service contact information and details about purchasing printed books and PDFs.
This curriculum vitae summarizes the professional experience and qualifications of Geniece M. Lehmann. She received a Ph.D. in Toxicology from the University of Rochester in 2006 and is currently a toxicologist at the National Center for Environmental Assessment at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Her professional interests include human health risk assessment, especially in the areas of immunotoxicology and children's health. She has authored several peer-reviewed articles and serves in leadership roles assessing chemicals for the EPA.
The Integral Health Center provides training and supervision for individuals with cancer or other serious illnesses. Their approach focuses on natural health methods including optimal nutrition, parasite removal, immune regeneration, and detoxification protocols. The goal is for students to gain mastery over a personalized program that addresses biological, psychological, and spiritual factors contributing to illness. Students receive multiple consultations to design and implement their program, which may include herbal preparations and dental material testing to reduce toxicity.
The document discusses evaluating the quality of science. It notes that current approaches are narrow and metric-driven. It argues that science quality should be judged based on its contribution to achieving desirable societal outcomes. Good science requires drawing other stakeholders into the process and recognizing that impact occurs through value chains involving cooperation. Innovation encompasses scientific and other activities, and evaluating science quality requires looking at both performance and behavior in achieving impact.
This document discusses defining the objectives of a product safety evaluation program. It outlines five key steps:
1) Defining how the product will be used and manufactured to understand potential exposures
2) Quantifying expected exposure levels based on use and manufacturing processes
3) Identifying potential health hazards based on chemical properties and anticipated exposures
4) Gathering existing toxicity data from literature reviews
5) Designing a testing program to fill data gaps based on intended use and potential hazards
The testing program may involve a tiered approach starting with basic toxicity tests and progressing to more
comprehensive studies depending on exposure potential and initial findings. The goal is to understand health risks
and ensure product safety.
Chemicals from the Practice of Healthcare - Challenges & Unknowns Posed by Re...v2zq
This document discusses the challenges posed by residues from healthcare chemicals in the environment. It notes that while thousands of studies have been published on pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment (PiE), many questions remain unanswered. It argues that future PiE research should establish clear priorities by focusing on areas that can reduce the most uncertainty about risks while also benefiting human health and the environment. Optimally, the healthcare and personal care systems could be redesigned to minimize their environmental footprint, with potential collateral benefits like improved outcomes and lower costs. Reframing the issues around PiE to show how healthcare impacts the environment, and how reducing that impact could feedback to improve healthcare, may lead to more productive solutions.
Unesco call for water quality case studies emering pollutants sGraciela Mariani
The document calls for case study proposals on emerging pollutants in water and wastewater for a UNESCO project. It provides background on the need to develop knowledge about new pollutants that are not yet regulated. The project aims to help countries manage risks from emerging pollutants. It will fund case studies documenting information on various topics like occurrences of pollutants, impacts, and removal technologies. Proposals are invited by July 5th and should address project objectives, have local expertise, and include available data and information. Selected case studies will contribute to technical guidelines and an online information system.
This document discusses implementing environmental research and education over the next decade. It emphasizes the need to improve understanding of complex socio-environmental systems through integrated research across disciplines like the natural sciences, social sciences, and engineering. Specifically, it calls for sustaining programs that study these complex systems through experiments, observations, and modeling. It also discusses the importance of sharing knowledge with society through education and communication. Overall the document provides a framework to guide environmental research and education investments at the National Science Foundation over the next 10 years.
2014 Dept of Energy Environmental R&D ReportLyle Birkey
This document summarizes federal funding for environmental research and development by the U.S. Department of Energy for fiscal year 2014. It finds that DOE spent $2.329 billion on environmental R&D, an 8.6% increase over 2013. Most funding (79%) went to Energy Resources R&D, focusing on energy efficiency, fossil fuels, and renewable energy. The Office of Science received $456 million for climate science, biological sciences, and basic energy sciences. Environmental Management R&D received $10 million for cleanup activities. Key areas funded include energy efficiency in buildings, vehicles, and manufacturing; fossil fuel research in coal, natural gas and petroleum; and renewable research in bioenergy, geothermal,
The document discusses methodologies for environmental risk assessment and management from various institutions. It summarizes the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) methodology, which is widely used and based on a four-part paradigm of hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. The US EPA incorporates the NAS paradigm into its guidelines and has published additional guidelines focused on chemical mixtures, cumulative risk assessment, and other topics. Other methodologies discussed include those from the European Environmental Agency, European Chemicals Bureau, and Japan's National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. In general, risk assessment methodologies aim to break complex problems down, study components individually, then combine them while accounting for human health, ecological, social and economic factors
Alan Krupnick (Resources for the Future)'s keynote presentation to the OECD workshop on the socioeconomic impact assessment of chemicals management. Helsinki, 6 July 2016.
The monitoring program has a goal of managing contaminants of emerging concern and deriving water quality standards from 2007-present with a budget of $11 million. It monitors 375 substances nationwide at 115 points each season, focusing on substances like metals, volatile organic compounds, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and more. Standards have been derived for 1,4-Dioxane, Formaldehyde, and Hexachlorobenzene based on a process that selects candidate substances, monitors them nationwide, performs risk assessments, and derives standards while building a database and establishing a monitoring system. Issues around aligning water quality standards with drinking water standards and balancing scientific and stakeholder criteria remain.
OECD Workshop on SocioEconomic Impact Assessment of Chemicals Management, Helsinki, 8 July 2016
Quantifying Regulatory Efficacy
Susan E. Dudley, Director. Regulatory Studies Center, The George Washington University
This document summarizes an OECD workshop on managing contaminants of emerging concern in surface waters. It discusses the need for alternative and predictive testing strategies to assess more chemicals and mixtures in a rapid and cost-effective manner. Current water quality frameworks focus on a limited number of legacy chemicals but newer analytical methods are detecting many more contaminants. There is also insufficient consideration of complex mixture risks. The document calls for a more holistic and solutions-oriented approach based on modeling chemical emissions and exposures to better prospectively protect human and environmental health.
This document discusses contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from the perspective of a water utility. It notes that the definition of water quality is shifting from a legal and health perspective to a consumer point of view focused on absence of contaminants. The water utility takes steps to protect water resources, monitor for regulated contaminants and CECs, and remove contamination through multi-step treatment involving activated carbon, ozonation, and UV disinfection. However, fulfilling the consumer ideal of total absence of all contaminants at very low levels may not be possible. The utility conducts research to better monitor and understand CECs and collaborates with health agencies, but predicting future regulations remains challenging.
Nih / Some Notes -- climate change and human healthTom Moritz
The document discusses several topics related to climate change and human health:
1) It summarizes key definitions and concepts from reports on global change assessments, including the importance of salience, credibility, and legitimacy in assessment processes.
2) It provides an overview of the NIH's Big Data to Knowledge initiative, which aims to help biomedical researchers access and analyze increasingly large datasets to advance research.
3) It outlines some of the major challenges in using biomedical big data, such as locating and accessing data and tools, standardizing data, and training more researchers in big data skills.
4) It reviews several studies and reports on the relationships between climate change, weather, air quality, and human health
Combined effects of global climate change and toxicants are complex and can be exacerbated or compensated for at higher levels of biological organization. The study discusses 4 ecological mechanisms using 3 case studies: 1) Demographic processes can compensate or propagate individual impacts to population levels. 2) Climate change can reduce resistance and recovery from toxicants at population and community levels. 3) Acquired tolerance to stressors often comes at a cost of reduced genetic diversity and increased susceptibility. 4) Species vulnerability is influenced by traits and landscape changes from climate change altering toxicant exposures. Long-term experiments incorporating realistic climate projections are needed to make reliable predictions.
This document summarizes the UKWIR Chemical Investigations Programme from 2010-2020. The £165M program examined 74 substances at 600 sewage treatment works to establish the likelihood of exceeding environmental quality standards and potential treatment options. Findings showed that most chemicals of concern come from domestic sources and some substances are ubiquitous. Catchment studies showed sewage effluent is not always the main contributor to poor river quality. Economic analyses estimated costs of £27-31BN for end-of-pipe pharmaceutical solutions and found public willingness to pay £73-168/household/year for metal and chemical pollution reductions, though valuations have remaining issues to address.
FUNDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ...Lyle Birkey
The document discusses federal funding for environmental research and development by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) in 2014. It finds that the DOD spent $129 million on defense-wide environmental programs, including $62 million on the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and $66 million on the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program. It also provides funding details for the Department of the Army ($40 million), Department of the Navy ($79 million), and Department of the Air Force ($1 million). The document contains a table summarizing these funding amounts and percentages changes from 2013 to 2014 for various DOD environmental research programs.
Selection of optimal air pollution control strategieseSAT Journals
The document presents a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model for selecting optimal air pollution control strategies. The model aims to minimize total costs, including installation, operating, and health costs of pollution control equipment, while meeting emission reduction targets. It considers multiple pollutants from multiple emission sources and multiple control technologies. Case studies applying the model to a cement plant and power plant are used to demonstrate its effectiveness in identifying lowest-cost compliance options.
The document summarizes a call for projects in France from 2013-2018 regarding micropollutants in urban waters. The call aims to test innovative solutions to manage micropollutants at a local scale by empowering local authorities, industries, and scientists to collaborate on projects. Thirteen projects were selected that address domestic pollution, pollution from rainfall, health activities, and multi-source pollution. The expected results include improved diagnosis of micropollutants, more efficient reduction treatments, and promoting behavior changes among stakeholders to reduce micropollutants and support a green economy.
Long-Range Research Initiative
- Global Research Strategy
21st Century Approaches to Risk Sciences
The Long-Range Research Initiative (LRI) of the American Chemistry Council (ACC) promotes innovations in chemical safety assessment. It invests in science essential for understanding the impact of chemicals on human health and the environment.
LRI’s mission is to foster a sustainable and healthy future through support of high quality science that targets the science-policy interface and advances the science used in decision-making.
Global Initiatives :
Science that advances chemical management practices for a global economy.
The document describes the National Academies Press, which publishes books from various National Academies organizations. It provides information about accessing books from the press, including downloading PDFs for free, reading books online for free, exploring research tools, and being notified of new publications. It also provides customer service contact information and details about purchasing printed books and PDFs.
This curriculum vitae summarizes the professional experience and qualifications of Geniece M. Lehmann. She received a Ph.D. in Toxicology from the University of Rochester in 2006 and is currently a toxicologist at the National Center for Environmental Assessment at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Her professional interests include human health risk assessment, especially in the areas of immunotoxicology and children's health. She has authored several peer-reviewed articles and serves in leadership roles assessing chemicals for the EPA.
The Integral Health Center provides training and supervision for individuals with cancer or other serious illnesses. Their approach focuses on natural health methods including optimal nutrition, parasite removal, immune regeneration, and detoxification protocols. The goal is for students to gain mastery over a personalized program that addresses biological, psychological, and spiritual factors contributing to illness. Students receive multiple consultations to design and implement their program, which may include herbal preparations and dental material testing to reduce toxicity.
The document discusses evaluating the quality of science. It notes that current approaches are narrow and metric-driven. It argues that science quality should be judged based on its contribution to achieving desirable societal outcomes. Good science requires drawing other stakeholders into the process and recognizing that impact occurs through value chains involving cooperation. Innovation encompasses scientific and other activities, and evaluating science quality requires looking at both performance and behavior in achieving impact.
This document discusses defining the objectives of a product safety evaluation program. It outlines five key steps:
1) Defining how the product will be used and manufactured to understand potential exposures
2) Quantifying expected exposure levels based on use and manufacturing processes
3) Identifying potential health hazards based on chemical properties and anticipated exposures
4) Gathering existing toxicity data from literature reviews
5) Designing a testing program to fill data gaps based on intended use and potential hazards
The testing program may involve a tiered approach starting with basic toxicity tests and progressing to more
comprehensive studies depending on exposure potential and initial findings. The goal is to understand health risks
and ensure product safety.
Chemicals from the Practice of Healthcare - Challenges & Unknowns Posed by Re...v2zq
This document discusses the challenges posed by residues from healthcare chemicals in the environment. It notes that while thousands of studies have been published on pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment (PiE), many questions remain unanswered. It argues that future PiE research should establish clear priorities by focusing on areas that can reduce the most uncertainty about risks while also benefiting human health and the environment. Optimally, the healthcare and personal care systems could be redesigned to minimize their environmental footprint, with potential collateral benefits like improved outcomes and lower costs. Reframing the issues around PiE to show how healthcare impacts the environment, and how reducing that impact could feedback to improve healthcare, may lead to more productive solutions.
Unesco call for water quality case studies emering pollutants sGraciela Mariani
The document calls for case study proposals on emerging pollutants in water and wastewater for a UNESCO project. It provides background on the need to develop knowledge about new pollutants that are not yet regulated. The project aims to help countries manage risks from emerging pollutants. It will fund case studies documenting information on various topics like occurrences of pollutants, impacts, and removal technologies. Proposals are invited by July 5th and should address project objectives, have local expertise, and include available data and information. Selected case studies will contribute to technical guidelines and an online information system.
This document discusses implementing environmental research and education over the next decade. It emphasizes the need to improve understanding of complex socio-environmental systems through integrated research across disciplines like the natural sciences, social sciences, and engineering. Specifically, it calls for sustaining programs that study these complex systems through experiments, observations, and modeling. It also discusses the importance of sharing knowledge with society through education and communication. Overall the document provides a framework to guide environmental research and education investments at the National Science Foundation over the next 10 years.
2014 Dept of Energy Environmental R&D ReportLyle Birkey
This document summarizes federal funding for environmental research and development by the U.S. Department of Energy for fiscal year 2014. It finds that DOE spent $2.329 billion on environmental R&D, an 8.6% increase over 2013. Most funding (79%) went to Energy Resources R&D, focusing on energy efficiency, fossil fuels, and renewable energy. The Office of Science received $456 million for climate science, biological sciences, and basic energy sciences. Environmental Management R&D received $10 million for cleanup activities. Key areas funded include energy efficiency in buildings, vehicles, and manufacturing; fossil fuel research in coal, natural gas and petroleum; and renewable research in bioenergy, geothermal,
Fy 2014 army corps environmental rd report october 21 2014 kdLyle Birkey
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers supports environmental research and development activities through its Engineer Research and Development Center. The Center focuses on areas like warfighter support, installations, environment, water resources, and information technology. It conducts research on ecosystem science, environmental resiliency, and issues like climate change through laboratories specializing in areas like the environment, coastal and hydraulic engineering, and cold regions. The Corps works to strengthen national security while protecting the environment and has a mission of delivering engineering services and reducing disaster risks.
The Word-Crossing project team met in September 2012 before the start of the school year. The team was formed by teachers and some members of the European Club to produce materials for a Comenius partnership project involving schools in Spain, Romania, Greece, Poland, and Turkey. The team decided to work in afternoons on creating products like logos, photos, videos, presentations, articles, and event documentation. They received lessons from teachers and experts. Two classes also worked with their Italian teachers in the mornings. Students visited other places and shared their experiences. Throughout the project, they engaged in reading activities and lessons related to writing and participated in group work and creating illustrations for an e-book.
Out of the box Drupal? Drupal's flexibility comes at a cost. After you've installed your new site you still have a bit of work to do. This session will cover 10 often forgotten steps to really get your fresh installation together.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the perspectives of 354 leaders of interdisciplinary environmental and sustainability degree programs. The leaders were surveyed about factors influencing their program's success. An exploratory factor analysis identified 9 key areas of influence, which a cluster analysis grouped into 3 views held by program leaders. View 1 leaders emphasized curriculum design, View 2 added an applied learning focus, and View 3 further emphasized external partnerships. The views differed in what factors were most important to success and leaders' program attributes. Challenges varied but included institutional support for all views and external engagement for View 3 programs.
The Word-Crossing project team met in September 2012 before the start of the school year. The team was formed by teachers and some members of the European Club to produce materials for a Comenius partnership project involving schools in Spain, Romania, Greece, Poland, and Turkey. The team decided to work in afternoons creating products like logos, photos, videos, presentations, articles, and event documentation. They received lessons from teachers and experts. Two classes also worked with Italian teachers in the mornings. The group visited places and had experiences they will not forget, like students traveling to Spain. Activities included exhibitions, reading Italian and other authors' works, and creating illustrations for an e-book while learning skills like
This document provides an introduction to Drupal, an open source content management framework, covering how to set up a local development environment, the core features and modules, installing Drupal, building a basic site structure, and additional resources for learning more. It was presented by Daniel Schiavone on March 13, 2013 at Betamore as part of their Drupal 101 session.
Preparing Students for Collaborative Leadership: Lowering the walls and cross...Lyle Birkey
Preparing Students for Collaborative Leadership: Lowering the walls and crossing boundaries using business-based professional assessments to develop interdisciplinary teams
2013 Kansas City State of the City Presentation SlidesKCMayor
This accompanied the 2013 Kansas City State of the City delivered by Mayor Sly James on March 19, 2013. The text of the speech is available at www.kcmayor.org/?p=1295
FY 2013 R&D REPORT January 6 2014 - Department of DefenseLyle Birkey
The Department of Defense spends around $249 million annually on environmental research and development. The bulk of this funding supports cleanup of hazardous waste from military sites and compliance with environmental regulations to control pollution. Key programs include the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, which invest in areas like energy/water, environmental restoration, munitions response, and weapons systems. The Army allocates around $40 million, focusing on technology to address environmental restoration, munitions management, and sustainable infrastructure.
Fiscal Year 2014 NSF Environmental R&D Report October 2014Lyle Birkey
This document provides details on federal funding for environmental research and development by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 2014. It shows that NOAA spent $666 million on environmental R&D in 2014, a 22.7% increase from 2013. The largest amount, $388 million, went to NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, which funds climate research, weather and air chemistry research, and ocean/coastal/Great Lakes research. Other NOAA offices that received significant R&D funding included the National Ocean Service, National Marine Fisheries Service, and National Weather Service.
Designing with Drupal 8 discusses the key differences in Drupal 8 and the tools needed to develop themes including Symfony, Twig, YAML, Sass, and Gulp. It covers setting up a local environment, creating a subtheme, disabling caches, working with blocks, menus, views and content types. The presentation provides an introduction to Drupal 8 development and recommends additional resources for learning.
FY 2013 R&D REPORT January 6 2014 - PreambleLyle Birkey
Federal funding for environmental research and development in the US totaled over $9 billion in 2013 according to this report. The report provides an overview of environmental R&D funding across multiple federal agencies, with the largest amounts going to the Department of Energy ($2.5 billion), National Aeronautics and Space Administration ($1.5 billion), National Science Foundation ($600 million), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ($400 million). It also summarizes programs within each agency that receive environmental R&D funding and the areas of focus for that research.
NCSE Federal Funding for Environmental Research and Development 2013 - Append...Lyle Birkey
The document provides an overview of federal funding for environmental research and development in fiscal year 2013. It summarizes funding levels for various federal agencies that conduct environmental research, including the Department of Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Agriculture, Department of the Interior, Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Defense, and National Institutes of Health. The document was developed by the National Council for Science and the Environment to analyze trends in environmental research funding across agencies over time.
This document describes a mini project conducted by Rahul Sunil Jaytale to study environmental awareness in Aurangabad City, India. The project was conducted for an MBA program at Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies under the guidance of Prof. Siddhaarth Dhongde. The project utilized survey methods and random sampling to collect data on factors influencing environmental awareness, the role of media, spending on environmental issues, and the level of environmental awareness in Aurangabad City. The objectives, limitations, scope, methodology, and presentation of results are outlined in the document.
Global foundations for reducing nutrient enrichment and oxygen depletion from...Iwl Pcu
This document outlines a project aimed at establishing global foundations for reducing nutrient pollution from land into coastal waters. The project will:
1) Develop quantitative models to map nutrient sources and their effects on coastal areas.
2) Create a "policy toolbox" with tools and approaches for developing nutrient reduction strategies.
3) Conduct pilot projects in Manila Bay and Chilka Lake to develop stakeholder-led nutrient reduction strategies.
4) Establish a global partnership on nutrient management to stimulate replication of outcomes.
This document discusses the precede-proceed model for designing health education programs using solid waste management as an example. It first provides background on the precede-proceed model and its stages for assessment and planning. It then outlines the steps of applying the model to design a program on solid waste management, including assessing the social, epidemiological, behavioral and educational factors, developing goals and objectives, selecting methods/media, planning implementation and evaluation.
FY 2013 R&D REPORT January 6 2014 - Appendix A Definitions & AssumptionsLyle Birkey
This document provides definitions and assumptions for terms used in a report on environmental research and development (R&D). It defines basic research as seeking knowledge without specific applications in mind, while applied research aims to solve recognized needs. Development uses research findings to create useful technologies. The document notes distinctions between research types can be unclear. It defines environmental sciences broadly as studying biological and physical Earth components and human interactions. Several related fields are included, while some topics like most health research are excluded. The definition aims to be comprehensive but users should consider numbers and descriptions as approximate.
Environmental management: Introduction and scopeRashmi Yadav
This document discusses environmental management. It defines environmental management as managing an organization's environmental programs in a planned, documented manner. Environmental management is multi-disciplinary and deals with human impacts on the environment. It aims to integrate natural/social sciences and can operate at short/long term and local/global levels. Standards for environmental management systems include ISO 14001 and the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). Environmental management systems can improve compliance, reduce costs and show leadership.
The TCE Revolution and Its Permanent Impact on Environmental Due DiligenceEDR
EDR INSIGHT WEBINAR: THE TCE REVOLUTION AND ITS PERMANENT IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENTAL DUE DILIGENCE
June 24, 2015
Presented by:
-David Gillay, Partner and Chair of Brownfields & Environmental Transactional Diligence Practice Areas, Barnes & Thornburg LLP
-Dr. Michael Dourson, Ph.D., Alliance for Risk Assessment
Following decades of studies, scrutiny and debate, the U.S. EPA updated its TCE’s toxicity profile in the IRIS database, dramatically lowering the toxicity value. For transactional due diligence, this more stringent limit has important implications, including markedly more extensive and expensive cleanup processes. Given the focus on vapor migration in the new ASTM Phase I ESA standard, environmental professionals need to be increasingly cautious when making REC determinations and recommendations to clients.
Adding to the confusion is the significant variability in how regulators are using the updated TCE toxicity profile when making closure decisions at contaminated properties. For instance, U.S. EPA Regions 9, 10 and states like Minnesota, Indiana and Massachusetts (among others) have implemented profoundly different approaches to address TCE risk at contaminated sites. Thus, it is critical for environmental professionals to stay abreast of the how TCE guidance is being interpreted and applied across the country. In the latest development, the Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry is proposing a dramatic change to its TCE toxicity profile for the first time in 18 years. The comment period ended on March 16, 2015, and if the update is finalized in its current form, there will be more intense scrutiny on exposure risks which will further complicate transactional due diligence.
This timely webinar will bring together an attorney and a national subject matter expert to address the various impacts of TCE’s toxicity update on transactional due diligence. This panel will help EPs answer the following questions:
-Does TCE in groundwater constitute a VEC and/or a REC?
-How should an EP manage variability in TCE standards in multi-state transactions?
-How can an EP take steps to minimize exposure to potential liability?
-How can an EP make sense of the science and available guidance?
-How should an EP communicate potential risks associated with TCE to clients?
An introduction to the terminology used in VCE Environmental Science Unit 4 (Area of Study 2) - Environmental Management Systems, Environmental Risk Assesssment, EES, EIS, Life Cycle Analysis and Precautionary Principle.
This document discusses life cycle assessment (LCA), a tool used to evaluate the environmental impacts of products and processes across their entire life cycles. It describes how LCA involves compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material inputs and environmental releases, then evaluating the potential human and ecological effects. The document provides background on the origins and development of LCA, outlines the typical phases of an LCA process, and discusses some limitations and challenges and how LCA can inform decision making.
FUNDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BY THE THE U.S. DEPARTM...Lyle Birkey
The document summarizes federal funding for environmental research and development by the U.S. Department of Transportation in 2014. Key points include:
- The DOT allocated $59 million to environmental R&D across three administrations: the Federal Highway Administration ($16 million), Federal Aviation Administration ($29 million), and Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration ($14 million).
- The Federal Highway Administration funded research on transportation planning, the natural and human environment, and project development.
- The Federal Aviation Administration funded research to reduce aviation's environmental impacts and develop more fuel efficient and sustainable operations.
- The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration funded research on pipeline safety technologies like leak detection and damage prevention.
Chemicals and waste play important roles in society and the economy but can also harm human health and the environment if not properly managed. A third of the world's food is wasted every year, totaling about 1.3 billion tons. The United Nations aims to minimize the adverse effects of chemicals on human health and the environment by 2020. To achieve this, UNEP is working with partners to build countries' capacity and policies for sound chemicals and waste management through increasing scientific knowledge and tools.
Intern Poster Presentation 7 22 Final v2Nwanne Agada
1) An environmental public health analyst conducted an exposure risk assessment that included developing a questionnaire to understand how a population may be exposed to contaminants through activities like food consumption, chemical contact at work, etc.
2) The questionnaire was adapted from other studies and included 38 questions across various topics.
3) The exposure risk assessment was submitted for approval and funding, and preliminary results will integrate data from the questionnaire with environmental sampling to estimate population exposure to contaminants.
The document discusses environmental impact assessment (EIA), which is defined as systematically identifying and evaluating potential environmental impacts of proposed projects. An ideal EIA system applies to all projects with significant environmental effects, compares alternatives, and includes public participation and enforcement. The goals of EIA are to conserve resources, minimize waste, recover byproducts, efficiently use equipment, and enable sustainable development.
The document discusses concepts related to environmental management and sustainable development. It defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs. Environmental management aims to control human impact on the environment to preserve resources and improve human welfare now and in the future. It involves planning, resource conservation, evaluation, legislation, and administration to support sustainable development.
January 8th esp 179 lecture- class intro and eia basicsCEQAplanner
This document provides information about the ESP 179 - Winter 2013 Environmental Impact Assessment course at UC Davis. The instructor is Trevor Macenski and the teaching assistant is Kevin Fang. The class has a capacity of 85 students and those on the waitlist should speak to the instructor after class. Contact information is provided for the student affairs officer. Brief biographies of the instructor and TA are included. The course objectives are outlined as well as an overview of how the class will be structured and graded. Reading assignments and an introduction to environmental impact assessment are discussed.
This document provides information about homework help resources from the website homeworkping.com, including research paper help, online tutoring, and different subject specific homework help like math, algebra, calculus, accounting, paper writing, and more. It also includes an exercise sheet for appraising a scientific paper on the relationship between environmental health and human health in the UK. The exercise sheet evaluates aspects of the paper like its format, research validity, importance, and applicability.
Jamie Topp has experience as an analytical chemist and laboratory technician in renewable energy, quality assurance, and environmental protection. She has a Bachelor's degree in Biology and Chemistry from the University of St. Francis. Topp has a strong scientific background from academic and professional experience in biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and environmental monitoring. She is a competent project manager who has successfully coordinated multifaceted projects. Topp seeks to use her analytical and leadership skills to advance scientific knowledge and sustainable solutions.
Similar to FY 2013 R&D REPORT January 6 2014 - Environmental Protection Agency (20)
Learning Standards for Environment and Sustainability: Expressing leadership ...Lyle Birkey
The document discusses learning standards developed for environment and sustainability programs in Australia. It describes the process used to develop the standards which involved collaboration between 50 higher education institutions and over 250 stakeholders. The standards focus on four domains: technical and disciplinary knowledge, systemic understanding of human-environment interactions, skills for sustainability work, and ethical practice. The standards aim to provide minimum expectations while allowing flexibility for the diverse and transdisciplinary nature of environment and sustainability fields.
This document discusses challenges and strategies for integrating knowledge in interdisciplinary environmental and sustainability teams. It describes how conceptual distance between disciplines can hamper collaboration. Learning is key to connecting different bodies of knowledge, and theories like experiential learning, double-loop learning, and model-based reasoning can help explain learning processes for individuals and groups. Productive team practices include using boundary negotiating objects like visual models to facilitate knowledge sharing and the development of shared conceptual frameworks.
The document discusses how top-down and bottom-up approaches to sustainability initiatives in universities can meet in the middle. It advocates for leadership from administrators and academics, infrastructure support from facilities, and sustainability champions across different levels. The key to success is institutionalizing sustainability efforts throughout the university through collaboration between various stakeholders rather than relying on individuals.
This document summarizes a webinar presentation by Dr. Magdalena Muir on the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. The webinar covered the UN process of establishing the SDGs, the outcome document outlining 17 proposed goals, and several case studies providing examples and visions for implementing the goals. It discussed the European Commission's vision for the SDGs, emphasizing universality, sustainability, and accountability. It also briefly discussed approaches for financing SDG implementation through public-private partnerships.
This document outlines the program for the 2015 CCCAP Winter Conference focused on sustainable bridges to collaboration and partnerships. The conference will take place over two days and include sessions on CCAP strategic initiatives and goals, environmental education and research priorities, institutional self-assessment, overcoming obstacles to sustainability initiatives, and developing partnerships and resource sharing. Keynote speakers will discuss topics like time banking and the food-energy-agriculture nexus. Workshops aim to help member institutions identify challenges, best practices, and strategies for collaboration and leveraging resources. The program concludes with planning next steps for CCAP and the 2016 NCSE conference.
The document provides the program schedule for the 2015 CEDD Winter Conference held over two days. Day 1 includes a CEDD Executive Committee meeting and lunch, followed by an overview and discussion of CEDD initiatives and priorities. In the afternoon there are two workshops on "Mapping" and environmental education research and services. Day 2 begins with CEDD committee meetings followed by three workshops on funding creative approaches, sustainability certification, and interdisciplinary scholarship. The day concludes with discussion on future priorities and the 2015 summer conference.
The document outlines plans for a transportation campaign in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil leading up to the 2016 Olympics. The campaign aims to improve public transportation infrastructure and transparency around projects to ensure success for the Olympics. Key goals include having a functioning public transit system and growing tourism by 2016. Currently there is skepticism that projects will be completed on time. The campaign would address this through improved government communication, transparency around budgets, timelines and stakeholder involvement. The target audience is residents in Rio suburbs who could benefit from improved transportation. Strategies include educational media using celebrities, community meetings, and collecting public feedback to influence government policies and complete projects on schedule.
FEDERAL FUNDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2014Lyle Birkey
Federal funding for environmental research and development in fiscal year 2014 was $8.95 billion, a 7.8% increase from 2013. The top three agencies for funding were the Department of Energy, NASA, and the National Science Foundation, which together provided nearly two-thirds of total funding. Funding levels have remained relatively stable over the past 15 years, with the exception of a one-time boost in 2009 from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The goal of federal environmental research is to provide benefits to society such as more informed decision making, economic growth, public health improvements, and environmental education.
FUNDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BY THE U.S. GLOBAL CHANGE ...Lyle Birkey
This document provides information on federal funding for environmental research and development by the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) in 2014. It discusses the USGCRP's mission, strategy, structure, and budget. Key points include:
- The USGCRP coordinates federal climate change research and is made up of 13 departments and agencies, led by NASA, NSF, and NOAA.
- The program's budget was $2.5 billion in 2014, with NASA accounting for 57% of funds and NSF and NOAA each receiving 13%.
- The USGCRP addresses climate change through 4 strategic goals and 12 interagency working groups on topics like observations, carbon cycle
FUNDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BY THE THE SMITHSONIAN INS...Lyle Birkey
The Smithsonian Institution receives federal funding for environmental research and development through four main programs: 1) The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute ($12 million), which conducts biodiversity research in Panama. 2) The Smithsonian Environmental Research Center ($4 million), which performs Chesapeake Bay ecosystem research. 3) The Smithsonian National Zoological Park ($2 million), including conservation research at its Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute. 4) The National Museum of Natural History ($18 million), housing environmental research departments and facilities.
2014 NSF Environmental R&D Report October 2014Lyle Birkey
The document discusses federal funding for environmental research and development by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 2014. It provides an overview of NSF funding for environmental research across its Biological Sciences, Engineering, and Geosciences directorates, totaling $1.729 billion. Specifically, it details funding amounts and programs within the Biological Sciences divisions of Environmental Biology ($139M), Integrative Organismal Systems ($216M), and Biological Infrastructure ($90M).
FUNDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BY NASA Lyle Birkey
T he National Council for Science and the Environment (NCSE) is pleased to acknowledge and express its deep appreciation to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). The AAAS R&D Budget and Policy Program has provided the budget
analysis behind this report for the past fourteen years, first under Kei Koizumi and, in recent years, under Patrick Clemins and now Matthew Hourihan.
FY 2013 R&D REPORT January 6 2014 - US Global Change Research ProgramLyle Birkey
The U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) coordinates federal research on changes to the global environment and their implications. Thirteen government agencies participate in USGCRP, which began in 1989 and aims to advance scientific understanding of climate change and inform policymaking. USGCRP's budget was $2.428 billion in FY2011 and $2.685 billion in FY2013, with the largest shares going to NASA, NOAA, and DOE. The program seeks to strengthen climate research, assessment, and communication to support timely decision-making.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
1. FederalFundingforEnvironmentalResearchandDevelopment2013
1
FederalFundingforEnvironmentalResearchandDevelopment2012
T
An Exclusive service for Affiliates of the National Council For Science and the Environment
6. EnvironmentalProtectionAgency($550million)
he research mission of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is to conduct leading-edge
research and foster the sound use of science and technology to fulfill EPA’s mission to protect
human health and safeguard the natural environment. To that end, EPA administers over a
dozen major environmental laws, including the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Solid Waste Disposal
Act and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Superfund, Toxic Substances Control Act, and the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
Approximately three quarters of EPA’s R&D is implemented intramurally, or through federally
funded research and development centers. The remaining quarter of EPA’s R&D is conducted by
extramural partners.
Nearly 70% of EPA’s R&D is classified as ‘applied’ research, 15% as ‘development’ and 15
percentas‘basic’research.
Source:OMB R&Ddata,Budgetofthe United StatesGovernment,agencybudgetjustification,agencybudgetdocuments,andhistoricaldata. *ARRAadds$5.7billionin
EnvironmentalR&DinFY2009. Yearlyvaluesareadjustedforinflationusing OMB’sGDPdeflators.Nominalvaluesareunadjusted
2. FederalFundingforEnvironmentalResearchandDevelopment2013
2
Environmental R&D at the Environmental Protection Agency
(budget authority in millions of dollars)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 Change FY 12-13
Actual Actual Estimate Percent
EPA R&D by Account:
Science and Technology
1
581 529 527 -0.3%
Air, Climate, and Energy 120 104 93 -10.5%
Chemical Safety and Sustainability 85 93 123 32.3%
Homeland Security 61 39 39 1.1%
Safe & Sustainable Water Resources 117 114 106 -6.8%
Sustainable & Healthy Communities 192 174 160 -7.7%
Congressional Projects (All Goals) 6 5 5 -3.9%
Superfund 27 23 22 -4.3%
Oil Spill Response 1 1 1 -43.6%
____ ____ ____
TOTAL 609 553 550 -0.5%
1 Excludes transfers from Superfund (see Superfund line).
Note: S&T program goals were realigned in FY 2012. FY 2010 figures shown for both program alignments for comparison.
Source: AAAS estimates of R&D from OMB R&D data, Budget of the U.S. Government, and agency budget documents.
Figures are rounded to the nearest million. Changes calculated from unrounded figures. FY 2013 are estimates adjusted for
the full-year continuing resolution and sequestration
OfficeofResearchandDevelopment
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) is the principal scientific and research arm of the
EPA. ORD’s Strategic Plan describes its approach to fulfilling a mission to conduct leading-edge
research and foster the sound use of science and technology to fulfill EPA’s mission to protect human
health and safeguard the natural environment. This mission commits ORD to conduct its research in a
way that will have a direct and meaningful impact on EPA’s decisions and programs.
ORD’s Research Programs:
• Air, Climate, and Energy
• Chemical Safety for Sustainability
• Human Health Risk Assessment
• Homeland Security
• Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
• Sustainable and Healthy Communities
ORD’s laboratories, centers and offices:
• National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT)
• National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA)
• National Center for Environmental Research (NCER)
• National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL)
• National Health & Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL)
• National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC)
• National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL)
• Office of the Science Advisor (OSA)
• Office of Science Policy (OSP)
3. FederalFundingforEnvironmentalResearchandDevelopment2013
3
AirClimateand Energy($93million)
Air, Climate, and Energy (ACE) research is being captured in three broad research areas with
underlying objectives. They are:
1. Assess Impacts
The goal of this research is to assess human and ecosystem exposures and effects associated with
air pollutants and climate change at the individual level as well as community, regional, and global
levels. This theme includes the following objectives:
• Assess multipollutant exposures and effects and integrated impacts of climate change on air
and water quality and human and ecosystem health.
• Develop innovative approaches to assess human and environmental exposures and effects of
pollutants in the atmosphere.
• Identify characteristics of populations and ecosystems susceptible to effects from exposure to
air pollutants and climate change impacts.
• Inform review of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
2. Prevent and Reduce Emissions
The goal of this research is to provide data and tools to develop and evaluate approaches to prevent
and reduce emissions of pollutants to the atmosphere, particularly environmentally sustainable, cost-
effective, and innovative multipollutant and sector-based approaches. This research includes the
following objectives:
• Support the management of air pollution problems to better account for regional and daily or
yearly differences in air pollution.
• Develop methods and data for life-cycle analyses of alternative pollution reduction and
energy options regarding the most sustainable and cost effective uses of resources.
• Provide innovative technologies to support the implementation of management strategies to
prevent and reduce air pollution.
• Conduct evaluations of integrated, sustainable pollution reduction and prevention solutions.
• Support implementation of NAAQS.
3. Respond to Changes in Climate and Air Quality
The goal of this research is to provide human exposure and environmental modeling, monitoring,
metrics and information needed by individuals, communities, and governmental agencies to adapt to
the impacts of climate change and make public health decisions regarding air quality. This research
includes the following objectives:
• Evaluate alternative adaptation strategies, focusing on the most vulnerable individuals, com-
munities, and ecosystems.
• Devise innovative methods to inform individual- and community- level adaptation to climate
change and decision making regarding air quality.
• Evaluate social, behavioral, and economic factors that may hinder the ability of
communities and individuals to implement adaptation strategies for climate change and make
informed decisions regarding air quality.
4. FederalFundingforEnvironmentalResearchandDevelopment2013
4
ChemicalSafetyforSustainability($123million)
Using innovative approaches, EPA scientists and their partners are embracing the principles of green
chemistry to produce safer chemicals. Chemical Safety for Sustainability (CSS) research is focused
on three main goals:
1. Developing the scientific knowledge, tools and models needed to conduct integrated, timely and
efficient chemical evaluation strategies
The first goal is intended to deliver a suite of tools (i.e., data, methods, models) that offers
researchers and environmental decision-makers needed resources for improved chemical assessments.
Research in this area will provide critical information for assessments and decision making on chemical
exposure and impacts to humans and wildlife at the individual and population levels. This research area
has multiple levels including chemical properties, prioritization and screening, hypothesis-driven
targeted research and systems understanding of complex environmental risk.
2. Improving methods for assessment and informing management for chemical safety and
sustainability
The second goal is focused on the application of the tools for risk assessment and chemical
management to ensure the safe and sustainable design, production and use of chemicals, including the
advancement of green chemistry. Research will support the next generation of risk assessment and
management approaches to help screen and prioritize chemicals for their safety and make major
regulatory decisions to protect human health and wildlife. These chemical risk assessment and
management methods will: 1) Lead to better and more efficient assessments and 2) Provide risk
management options that better target where risks are more likely to occur throughout a chemical’s
life cycle from production to disposal.
3. Providing targeted high-priority research solutions for immediate and focused attention
The third goal is intended to ensure that the high-priority human and environmental health-related
specific research needs of the Agency, identified by its program and regional offices, are met while the
long-term research solutions are advanced. The work focuses on filling critical data gaps and
identifying high priority needs of chemical management programs using the products of the other two
research areas.
CSS’s key research outcomes include:
Improved chemical hazard assessments
Improved chemical prioritization, screening, testing and quantitative risk assessments
Improved understanding of the relationship of chemical exposures and health outcomes to
the fetus and children
Development of sustainable risk management approaches
Accessible, useful information
Human Health Risk Assessment
The Human Health Risk Assessment Program (HHRA) plays a unique role in serving the needs of
EPA’s programs and regions, as well as the broader risk assessment/management community, by
identifying, evaluating, synthesizing and integrating scientific information on individual chemicals and
chemical mixtures. The HHRA research program is comprised of four complementary and integrated research
5. FederalFundingforEnvironmentalResearchandDevelopment2013
5
themes:
1. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) health hazard and dose-response assessments
IRIS assessments are used widely by EPA’s programs and regions, states, international
organizations and the general public as a scientific foundation for decision-making (e.g., site-specific
cleanups, rules, regulations and health policy determinations). Potential impacts that may result from
these decisions include reduced environmental exposures, reduced disease burdens and improved
public health. Additionally, improvements to the IRIS process and database will increase the
transparency and clarity of IRIS assessments. Examples of outputs produced under the IRIS theme
include: individual IRIS assessments, scientific and technical support, and improvements to the
IRIS process and database utility.
2. Integrated Science Assessments (ISAs) of criteria air pollutants
Under the ISA theme, HHRA scientists develop ISAs summarizing the state-of-the-science for the six
criteria air pollutants—ozone, particulate matter, sulfur and nitrous oxides, carbon monoxide, and lead—
and Multipollutant Science Assessments (MSAs) to support the reviews of the primary (health-based) and
secondary (welfare-based) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), as well as to address the
combined effects of nitrous and sulfur oxides. ISAs provide the scientific foundation for the EPA
Administrator’s decision on each of the NAAQS. Attainment of the NAAQS for these pollutants has been
estimated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and EPA to provide significant public health
and environmental benefits to the American public that far exceed the cost of control programs. The direct
benefits of EPA’s air programs include the reduced incidence of a number of adverse human health
impacts, including premature death and disease, improvements in visibility and avoided damage to
agricultural crops and other vegetation.
3. Community Risk and Technical Support (CRTS) for exposure and health assessments
Major outputs of the CRTS theme include quick turn-around exposure and risk assessments, crisis-
level technical support, the development of Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTVs),
tools and guidance for exposure assessments and methods and tools for conducting cumulative impact
assessments. The rapid response and applied technical support provided under the CRTS theme
enhances the ability of EPA regional offices to quickly make sound, risk-based decisions regarding
emerging issues of concern in their communities. ORD’s work in this area also ensures that EPA
regional offices have the requisite tools to address community needs for screening-level decisions,
records of decisions and permitting through risk-based information. EPA’s ability to respond to
environmental justice concerns also will be enhanced through the incorporation of nonchemical
stressors into community risk assessment. The development of PPRTVs enables the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) to make informed clean-up decisions at contaminated
Superfund sites, which can lead to improvements in human and ecological health in the vicinity of
Superfund sites, as well as improved economic conditions and quality of life for nearby communities.
Across the board, Theme 3 outputs will positively contribute to protecting the public’s health,
including reducing risks for sensitive populations.
4. Modernizing Risk Assessment Methods (Methods)
Theme 4 focuses on the translation of research, described in the Chemical Safety and
Sustainability (CSS) research program and state-of-the-science methods from peer reviewed
sources, into practical application in IRIS, ISA, MSA, and PPRTV assessments and in assessing
special problems (e.g., hydraulic fracturing under the Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
(SSWR) research program). Theme 4 products will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of
EPA risk assessment programs by developing innovative approaches and applying them to mine
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databases and link information to users’ needs in a more effective fashion. This process will
enable assessments to be performed quickly and more transparently. Additionally, using
quantitative estimates of incremental population risk, along with better quantitative
characterization of uncertainty and vulnerability, will enable risk manages to more effectively use
HHRA products in the context of formal decision analysis and cost-benefit analysis. This theme
also includes the development of the Risk Assessment Training and Experience (RATE) Program
and the application of Health and Environmental Research Online (HERO) to assessment
products.
Homeland Security ($39 million)
EPA’s Homeland Security Research Program (HSRP) was established to conduct applied research
and provide technical support that increases the capability of EPA to achieve its homeland security
responsibilities. The HSRP helps build systems-based solutions by working with Agency partners to
plan, implement and deliver useful science and technology products. HSRP maintains robust
coordination efforts with other federal agencies including the U.S. Department of Homeland Security,
the U.S. Department of Defense, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, among others.
HSRP’s research is conducted and science products are constructed to address “all hazards,” filling
science gaps associated with chemical, biological and radiological contamination intentionally released
by terrorists or caused by natural disasters or accidents.
The HSRP is organized into three Research Themes: two themes align with each of EPA’s main
homeland security responsibilities (water security and environmental cleanup), and a third cross-
cutting theme addresses issues common to both of these responsibilities. The themes are as follows:
Theme A: Securing and Sustaining Water Systems
Theme B: Characterizing Contamination and Determining Risk
Theme C: Remediating Indoor and Outdoor Environments
This research action plan describes the mission and design of the HSRP, its strategic directions, and
the critical scientific and technical questions it is addressing. The research action plan is a high-level
strategic document that will be revised every three to four years.
Safe&SustainableWaterResources($106million)
Increasing demands are being placed on finite water resources to supply drinking water, water for
other societal needs (including energy, agriculture and industry), and the water necessary to support
healthy aquatic ecosystems. Having adequate water of sufficient quality underpins the Nation’s health,
economy, security and ecology. It is the responsibility of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) to conduct research and analyses that will ensure that the Nation’s water resources are safe for
use and can be sustained for future generations. To ensure that EPA decisions protecting water
resources are based on sound science, EPA’s Office of Research and Development (ORD) has
integrated its Drinking Water and Water Quality research programs to create the Safe and Sustainable
Water Resources (SSWR) Research Program. The SSWR Research Program is undertaking
development of sustainable solutions to 21st century water resource problems by integrating research
on social, environmental and economic outcomes to provide lasting solutions. SSWR will target two
major challenges:
1. Provide the best science in a timely manner to allow faster and/or smarter management
decisions for the Nation’s existing water resource problems; and
2. Get scientific knowledge out in front of tomorrow’s problems by developing and applying
new approaches that better inform and guide environmentally sustainable water resource
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management.
Increasing demands for sources of clean water, combined with changing land use practices,
population growth, aging infrastructure, and climate change and variability, pose significant threats to
the Nation’s water resources. Failure to manage the Nation’s waters in an integrated, sustainable
manner can jeopardize human and aquatic ecosystem health and impact our society and economy.
The SSWR Research Program seeks to develop sustainable solutions to these complex water issues
and proactively develop solutions to emerging and future problems, ensuring that clean, adequate and
equitable supplies of water are available to support human well-being and resilient aquatic ecosystems,
now and in the future. The SSWR Strategic Research Action Plan was developed by EPA scientists
and managers from ORD, the Office of Water (OW), other programs offices and the regions, with
input from stakeholders from water associations, water research foundations, utilities, environmental
groups, tribes, industry, and state agencies. The input from these groups was invaluable in identifying
the problem statement and vision for SSWR, as well as the key research that will result in timely,
relevant and sustainable solutions.
The program uses two broad, interrelated research themes as its framework: (1) Sustainable Water
Resources and (2) Sustainable Water Infrastructure Systems. The goals of these thematic research
areas are:
Research Theme 1—Sustainable Water Resources: Ensure safe and sustainable water
quality and availability to protect human and ecosystem health by integrating social,
economic and environmental research for use in protecting and restoring water resources
and their designated uses (e.g., drinking water, aquatic life, recreation, industrial processes,
other designated uses) on a watershed scale.
Research Theme 2—Sustainable Water Infrastructure Systems: Ensure the sustainability of
critical water resources using systems-integrated water resource management in which the
natural, green and built water infrastructure is capable of producing, storing and delivering
safe and high-quality drinking water, and providing transport and use-specific treatment of
wastewater and stormwater.
Sustainable & Healthy Communities ($160 million)
Sustainable and Healthy Communities research (SHC) is expressly focused on the growing interest
of U.S. communities in sustainable practices. Agency researchers and their partners are working
together to better understand the balance among the three pillars of sustainability: the environment,
society, and the economy. The transdisciplinary work conducted through SHC will provide decision
tools and data that communities need to make strategic decisions for a prosperous and environmentally
sustainable future. The SHC research program also conducts research to seek more cost-effective
means of accomplishing EPA’s mission—means that will maximize the benefits of multiple
approaches to environmental protection, recognize synergies between protecting human and ecosystem
health, and reduce the likelihood that policy decisions will have unintended consequences. The design
of this research program was truly collaborative, as is its implementation. EPA scientists held a series
of meetings with internal EPA partners in the policy and regional offices and conducted listening
sessions with community officials, tribal representatives, academic experts, and non-profit
organizations. These discussions highlighted community and local government approaches for
managing their financial and natural resources and for providing services that directly affect their local
economies, environment, and the health and well-being of their residents.
Working in collaboration with agency partners and community stakeholders, SHC developed a
problem statement and vision statement to guide SHC research; both emphasize the need for methods
to integrate and weigh trade-offs inherent in community decision-making. The SHC builds upon EPA’s
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existing community-based programs and extensive use of voluntary practices to achieve human health
and environmental goals. In particular, SHC seeks to provide information that will assist decision-
makers in implementing innovative actions within communities and tribal programs that can
complement EPA, state, and tribal authorities and, in so doing, to achieve shared sustainability goals in
more flexible, economically beneficial and effectively synergistic ways. Ongoing communication and
feedback is a critical part of the SHC, and will be essential in keeping the program as responsive and
relevant as possible to local, EPA policy, and regional needs.
The scope of SHC research is evident in both the national and local priorities it addresses. For
example, SHC is the primary source of research support for EPA’s Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, and Office of Sustainable Communities. It is also the focal point for
coordination of research across ORD that contributes to EPA’s Office of Children’s Health Protection
and the Agency’s Environmental Justice programs. In addition, because the consequences of decisions
affecting air quality, resilience to climate change, availability of energy and water, chemical safety,
homeland security, and risk assessment are all ultimately encountered at a local level, SHC integrates
aspects of each of ORD’s other research programs into the conduct of its work.
To organize this breadth of research, SHC is structured into four interrelated themes having the
following objectives:
1. Data and Tools to Support Community Decisions: will use cutting edge technologies to
collaboratively develop better data, methods, and indicators, new spatial analyses, and decision tools to
assist communities in developing effective approaches to achieve their sustainability goals.
2. Forecasting and Assessing Ecological and Community Health: will develop the information and
methods that communities need to assess how the natural and built environment affect the health and
well-being of their residents and to identify sound and sustainable management options.
3. Implementing Near-Term Approaches to Sustainable Solutions: will build upon regional and
state successes and experience to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of methods and guidance to
address existing sources of land and groundwater contamination while advancing innovative
approaches that reduce new sources of contamination and enable the recovery of energy, materials, and
nutrients from existing waste streams. This research provides scientific support to EPA program and
regional offices and to states and tribes that implement federal requirements and guidelines related to
land and groundwater contamination.
4. Integrated Solutions for Sustainable Outcomes: will assess the state of the art for sustainable
practices for four high-priority community decision areas with environmental impacts: waste and
materials management; infrastructure, including energy and water; transportation options; and planning
and zoning for buildings and land use. It will use whole-system modeling to integrate these four areas
to better achieve outcomes with multiple benefits and to develop and test methods to estimate the Total
Resource Impacts and Outcomes of alternate decisions (TRIO methods).
Congressional Priorities ($5 million)
Superfund ($22 million)
Superfund is the federal government’s program to clean up the nation’s uncontrolled hazardous
waste sites. The Superfund cleanup process is complex; it involves the steps taken to assess sites, place
them on the National Priorities List, and establish and implement appropriate cleanup plans. EPA’s
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) in Washington, D.C. oversees the Super-
fund program. The Office of Emergency Management within OSWER is responsible for short term
responses conducted under the authority of Superfund. In addition, the Agency has the authority to
conduct removal actions where immediate action needs to be taken; to enforce against potentially
Comment [RS1]: “The EPA is not requesting
funds to support this grant program in FY 2014.”
9. FederalFundingforEnvironmentalResearchandDevelopment2013
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responsible parties; to ensure community involvement; to involve states; and to ensure long-term
protectiveness.
FurtherReading
United States Environmental Protection Agency FY 2014 Planning and Budget -
http://www2.epa.gov/planandbudget/fy2014
FY 2014 Justification of Appropriation Estimates for Committee on Appropriations -
http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/cjfy14.pdf