Rising Seas and Extreme Storms: Similarities and differences
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John Englander, oceanographer, consultant, and sea level rise expert discusses the science of sea level rise, its economic impacts, and adaptation options for coastal businesses.
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1) Burning fewer fossil fuels and reducing emissions of methane, ozone, hydrofluorocarbons, and black carbon could help prevent sea level rise by 25-50%, according to a new study. This includes less fracking, vehicle exhaust, and industrial emissions.
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1) Burning fewer fossil fuels and reducing emissions of methane, ozone, hydrofluorocarbons, and black carbon could help prevent sea level rise by 25-50%, according to a new study. This includes less fracking, vehicle exhaust, and industrial emissions.
2) Sea level rise is caused by thermal expansion as oceans warm and increased melting of land ice like glaciers and ice sheets. Over 90% of increased heat from human emissions is absorbed by oceans.
3) Sea level is primarily measured using tide stations that measure water height relative to land, and satellite laser altimeters that measure average ocean height globally.
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Potential and realized consequences of climate change include:
1) Drought, melting ice, rising sea levels, and permafrost melt are already occurring as a result of climate change.
2) Additional potential consequences that some experts say may already be happening include altered ocean circulation patterns and more extreme weather events.
3) Further potential consequences include threats to biodiversity like coral bleaching and disrupted animal migration patterns, shifting agricultural production, and risks to human health from factors like heat waves.
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2Environmental Data Center
University of RI
December 9, 2014
*http://www.beachsamp.org/research/stormtools/
Narragansett, RI
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学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
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【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微信：6496090】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微信：6496090】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
学历顾问：微信：6496090
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
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Rising Seas and Extreme Storms: Similarities and differences
- 1. Rising Seas and Extreme Storms: Similarities and differences @John Englander Newport, RI December 10, 2014
- 2. FEMA photo Storm events….“Sandy”
- 4. one month after “Sandy”, the “no name” Thanksgiving storm of 2012
- 6. Not a Future Problem saltwater on the streets every month at peak tide
- 7. King Tide not Florida to replace next FLL
- 9. Flooding has many variations
- 10. Flooding due to: 1. Storms 2. Extreme Tides 3. Rising Sea Level 4. Subsidence 5. Runoff / Downstream 6. [Erosion]
- 11. Flooding due to: 1. Storms 2. Extreme Tides 3. Rising Sea Level 4. Subsidence 5. Runoff / Downstream 6. [Erosion] Different Drivers Predictability Magnitude Permanence Impact areas
- 12. Sea Level Today Elevation Combined Effect of Sea Level Rise, Tides and Waves SLR Maximum Potential Inundation Elevation (!) Episodic Risk Factors Long-Term Risk Factors William O’Reilly / Scripps Institution of Oceanography
- 13. See Level change is “new.” Barely changed in 5,000 years. Last time it was higher was 120,000 years ago.
- 16. @johnenglander
- 17. 20,000 Years Ago Sea Level
- 19. When all ice melts Present Sea Level 47th Floor Miami Tower “Bank of America” 30th Floor 212 ft (65 m) 390 ft (120 m) 20,000 years ago Last Ice Age @ johnenglander.net
- 23. © 2006 John Englander
- 24. @johnenglander
- 25. @johnenglander
- 28. Greenland = 24 feet of SLR Antarctica = 186 feet of SLR
- 29. © 2006 John Englander
- 35. Last half century continues the pattern: CO2, global temperature, and sea level are all rising
- 36. By 2100, new IPCC Projections: “10 – 32 Inches of SLR” #’s do not include the “wild card” amplifiers: • Methane • West Antarctic glaciers
- 41. Methane becoming larger factor 86 x CO2 warming force per unit / 20 years
- 45. Takeaways 1. Storms + tides + SLR = vulnerability now 2. After years of stability, SL is rising and will continue for centuries 3. We can slow SLR, but not stop it 4. The trend can be your friend 5. Know your risk, plan, and adapt
- 49. Sacramento, CA is 80 miles from the Pacific but has extreme vulnerability to rising sea level and over a thousand miles of earthen levees.
- 51. Rotterdam Multipurpose Urban Dikes Concept
- 52. Water Plaza
- 54. Beach Resort Scheveningen: Dike-under-Boulevard concept Benelux Flood Defence System KWS (NL)
- 55. Noordwijk: ‘Dike-in-Dune’ concept Boulevard New dike Additional dune Benelux Flood Defence System KWS (NL)
- 57. Designing for future generations… …is our responsibility, and a great opportunity
- 58. RECAP 1. Storms, Extreme Tides, and SLR are different. 2. SLR will have different effects in different places. 3. Projections differ and change. Plan for first 3 feet of SLR, asap……more to come 4. Don’t confuse planning for SLR with reducing GHG and other efforts at being “sustainable” and green.
- 59. RI @ johnenglander.net www.johnenglander.net Amazon.com: print and Kindle Twitter: @johnenglander Facebook