Rheology is the investigation of the progression of issue, fundamentally in a fluid state, yet in addition as "delicate solids" or solids under conditions in which they react with plastic stream as opposed to distorting flexibly because of an applied power. Rheology is the study of misshapening and stream inside a material.
Rheology is the science that study flow of fluids. Viscosity is the main parameter of flow. Newtonian & non newtonian are the two types of flow behavior according to newtons law of flow. non-newtonian flow can be plastic, pseudoplastic, dilatant, thixotropic, antithixotropic or rheopexy. viscosity can be determined by using various viscometers such as capillary viscometer, cup & bob viscometer, cone & plate viscometer, falling sphere viscometer, brookfield viscometer, etc. factors affeting viscosity are intrinsic, extrinsic or temperature dependence.
Classification of Dispersion Systems by Rohit Kumar TrivediRohit Kumar Trivedi
Classification of Dispersion Systems
Dispersion (dispersed system) is a mixtures of two substances, one of which (dispersed phase) is distributed in form of subdivided particles/droplets/globules throughout another substance (continuous phase, dispersion medium).
There are three kind of Dispersed Systems:
1. Molecular 2. Colloidal 3. Coarse
The only difference among them is the “size” of dispersed phase not its composition.
Dispersions contain one internal phase that is dispersed in a dispersion medium.
Dispersion System: Classification
it describes the controlled drug release by diffusion or dissolution or both or swelling or erosion and which kinetics it follows either zero,first , higuchi or peppas
Introduction
Rheology and Viscosity
Rheology in Pharmaceuticals
• Pharmaceutical formulation
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing
• Dispensing pharmacy
• Pharmaceutical technology
• Physical pharmacy
• Pharmaceutical jurisprudence
Scope of rheology
Applications:
Examples
Conclusion
Rheology has applications in materials science engineering, geophysics, physiology, human biology and pharmaceutics. Materials science is utilized in the production of many industrially important substances, such as cement, paint, and chocolate, which have complex flow characteristics. In addition, plasticity theory has been similarly important for the design of metal forming processes. The science of rheology and the characterization of viscoelastic properties in the production and use of polymeric materials has been critical for the production of many products for use in both the industrial and military sectors. Study of flow properties of liquids is important for pharmacists working in the manufacture of several dosage forms, such as simple liquids, ointments, creams, pastes etc. The flow behavior of liquids under applied stress is of great relevance in the field of pharmacy. Flow properties are used as important quality control tools to maintain the superiority of the product and reduce batch to batch variations
Rheology is the investigation of the progression of issue, fundamentally in a fluid state, yet in addition as "delicate solids" or solids under conditions in which they react with plastic stream as opposed to distorting flexibly because of an applied power. Rheology is the study of misshapening and stream inside a material.
Rheology is the science that study flow of fluids. Viscosity is the main parameter of flow. Newtonian & non newtonian are the two types of flow behavior according to newtons law of flow. non-newtonian flow can be plastic, pseudoplastic, dilatant, thixotropic, antithixotropic or rheopexy. viscosity can be determined by using various viscometers such as capillary viscometer, cup & bob viscometer, cone & plate viscometer, falling sphere viscometer, brookfield viscometer, etc. factors affeting viscosity are intrinsic, extrinsic or temperature dependence.
Classification of Dispersion Systems by Rohit Kumar TrivediRohit Kumar Trivedi
Classification of Dispersion Systems
Dispersion (dispersed system) is a mixtures of two substances, one of which (dispersed phase) is distributed in form of subdivided particles/droplets/globules throughout another substance (continuous phase, dispersion medium).
There are three kind of Dispersed Systems:
1. Molecular 2. Colloidal 3. Coarse
The only difference among them is the “size” of dispersed phase not its composition.
Dispersions contain one internal phase that is dispersed in a dispersion medium.
Dispersion System: Classification
it describes the controlled drug release by diffusion or dissolution or both or swelling or erosion and which kinetics it follows either zero,first , higuchi or peppas
Introduction
Rheology and Viscosity
Rheology in Pharmaceuticals
• Pharmaceutical formulation
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing
• Dispensing pharmacy
• Pharmaceutical technology
• Physical pharmacy
• Pharmaceutical jurisprudence
Scope of rheology
Applications:
Examples
Conclusion
Rheology has applications in materials science engineering, geophysics, physiology, human biology and pharmaceutics. Materials science is utilized in the production of many industrially important substances, such as cement, paint, and chocolate, which have complex flow characteristics. In addition, plasticity theory has been similarly important for the design of metal forming processes. The science of rheology and the characterization of viscoelastic properties in the production and use of polymeric materials has been critical for the production of many products for use in both the industrial and military sectors. Study of flow properties of liquids is important for pharmacists working in the manufacture of several dosage forms, such as simple liquids, ointments, creams, pastes etc. The flow behavior of liquids under applied stress is of great relevance in the field of pharmacy. Flow properties are used as important quality control tools to maintain the superiority of the product and reduce batch to batch variations
Sl. No. Date Name of the experiment Page No.
01 Conversion of different water insoluble or sparingly soluble substances into water soluble form. 01 – 07
02 Name of the Experiment: Manufacture of Aluminium Hydroxide Gel from the supplied material. 08 – 10
03-A Qualitative analysis (identification) of anions from inorganic salt solutions. 11 – 15
03-B Qualitative analysis (identification) of group I & group II cations. 16 – 20
03-C Qualitative analysis (identification) of group III cation. 21 – 27
03-D Qualitative analysis (identification) of group IV & group V cations. 28 – 31
Appendix 32
Safety Rules for chemistry laboratory 33
1.Unit processes used in pharmacy- INTRODUCTION (1).pdfSARADPAWAR1
Pharmaceutical Processing is the process of drug manufacturing and can be broken down into a range of unit operations, such as blending, granulation, milling, coating, tablet pressing, filling, and others.
Definition of gas
General properties of gas
Pharmaceutical gas
Pharmaceutical use of gas
Medicinal gas
Medical use of gas
A gas consist of molecules separated wide apart in empty space. The molecules are free to move about throughout the container.
Ayurvedic system
Branches of Ayurvedic
Theories of Ayurveda
Source. Internal medicine
2. Surgery
3. Ears, eyes, nose and throat
4. Pediatrics
5. Toxicology
6. Purification of the genetic organs
7. Health and Longevity
8. Spiritual Healing/Psychiatry
Standardization
G.M.P.
Quality control
1.Anemia
2.Classification of anemia
3.Causes of anemia
4.Symptoms
5.Haematinics
6.Haematinics preparation
7.Haematinics drugs in market
8.Plasma Expanders
9.Use of plasma expenders
10.Plasma Expanders drug in market
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Rheology
1.
2. Presentation on Rheology
Presented by-
1. Asraful Islam Rayhan
2.Md. Shafiul Islam
3.Md. Arman Ahmed
4.Md. Suhin Hossain
5. Mohammud Ali
Dept . Of pharmacy,
JESSORE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY.
6. Manufacture of dosage forms.
Handling of drug for administration .
Acceptability & bioavailability are influence by the
rheological consideration of medicine.
Application of pharmaceutical & cosmetic products.
In preparation of ointment, syrup, suspension &
emulsion.
Importance of rheology
8. Unit:-
*the fundamental unit of viscosity = poise
*C.G.S unit of viscosity = gm.𝑐𝑚−1
.𝑠−1
or dyne.s.𝑐𝑚−2
*S.I. unit of viscosity = Pa.S
Definition:- Viscosity may be defined as the
resistance to fl0w of liquid under stress. Flow
property of simple liquid is expressed in term of
viscosity.
9. Definition:-
kinematic viscosity is the absolute viscosity
which is defined as the viscosity divided by density of a
liquid at a specific temperature.
Kinematic viscosity , V =
𝑛
𝜌
Here,
n= viscosity
𝜌 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
the unit of it is stoke (s) & contistoke (cs).
Kinematic viscosity
10. 1) In case of liquid:-
Viscosity of liquid is decreased with
increase temperature.
V∝
1
𝑇
2) In case of gas:-
Viscosity of a gas increase with the
increase of temperature.
V∝T
Effect of temperature on viscosity
11.
12. There are basically two types of rheological
system, defined by the relationship between
shear stress and shear rate.
1) Newtonian
2)Non-Newtonian
13. The liquid have a viscosity that independent of shear
rate at constant temperature , known as newtonian
fluid.
A Newtonian fluid is a fluid or dispersion whose
rheological behaviour is described by Newton’s law of
viscosity.
Newtonian system
14. First Law:-
Every thing contains in it`s rest or uniform
motion in a straight line until it is acted upon by another
force.
Second Law:-
the rate of the change of momentum is
directly to the applied force & the direction of applied
force.
Third Law:-
there is an equal & opposite reaction.
Newton`s Law
17. Non-Newtonian
Non-newtonian fluid is defined as the fluid for which the
relationship between shear stress & rate shear is not
constant.
Examples- 1) Emulsion
2)Suspension
3) Ointment
18. Types of Non-Newtonian
There are three types of Non-Newtonian-
1) plastic flow
2) Pseudo-plastic flow
3) Dilatant flow
19. Plastic flow:-
May be defined as the rheological phenomenon in
which the flowing behavior of the material occurs after
the applied stress reaches a critical value or yield value &
than behaves approximately as a newtonian flow.
The equation describing plastic flow as-
U= F-
𝒇
𝑮
where,
f=yield value
F=shear stress
G=Shear rate
20. Examples of substance that show plastic follow
1)Flocculated suspension
2) Ointment
3) Paste
4)Gel
21. Pseudoplastic or Shear-thinning :-
The reduction of viscosity with
increasing rate of shear in a steady shear flow.
Pseudoplastic flow Rheogram:-
22. 1) Tragacanath in water
2) Methyl cellulose in water
3) Toothpaste
Examples of Pseudoplastic
23. Dilatant flow or Shear-thickening:
The increase of viscosity
with increasing rate of shear in a steady shear flow.
E.g- cream
24. Thixotropy
An opposite case of this, is a fluid that thins out with
time and requires a decreasing stress to maintain a
constant strain rate.
Examples of thixotropic compound:-
1) Suspension ,emulsion
2) penicilline G IM injection
25. Viscoelasticity
Viscoelasticity may be defined as the property of
substance that exhibit both elastic & viscous behavior
when undergoes deformation in response to the
application of stress.
The substance that has viscoelasticity, is call viscoelastic
material.
e.g- polymeric liquid