Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR THEORY)Altamash Ali
Designed in a very easy manner so that u all are able to understand each and everything easily.
Gillespie & Nyholm proposed this theory ion 1957 and its is based on the direction of bonds in a polyatomic molecule.
Based on this there are several postulate that are very necessary to know before any molecule to study.
The attractive force which holds various constituents (atom, ions, etc.) together and stabilizes them by the overall loss of energy is known as chemical bonding. Therefore, it can be understood that chemical compounds are reliant on the strength of the chemical bonds between its constituents; The stronger the bonding between the constituents, the more stable the resulting compound would be.
Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR THEORY)Altamash Ali
Designed in a very easy manner so that u all are able to understand each and everything easily.
Gillespie & Nyholm proposed this theory ion 1957 and its is based on the direction of bonds in a polyatomic molecule.
Based on this there are several postulate that are very necessary to know before any molecule to study.
The attractive force which holds various constituents (atom, ions, etc.) together and stabilizes them by the overall loss of energy is known as chemical bonding. Therefore, it can be understood that chemical compounds are reliant on the strength of the chemical bonds between its constituents; The stronger the bonding between the constituents, the more stable the resulting compound would be.
Properties of periodic table by Saliha RaisSaliha Rais
The presentation "Properties of Periodic Table" is prepared for grade IX students. The slide show includes a brief description on the properties of elements in the periodic table, that shifts periodically, hence explaining the concept of periodicity. the main topics include Atomic Radii, Ionization energy, Electron affinity and Electronegativity.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
A very basic look at the dative covalent bond. It is normally met at CAPE, but recently has been introduced to students in form three. It is that form three occurrence which really prompted this piece of work
A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical compounds or substance . The bond may result from the electrostatic force of attraction between atoms with opposite charges, or through the sharing of electrons as in the covalent bonds........
Properties of periodic table by Saliha RaisSaliha Rais
The presentation "Properties of Periodic Table" is prepared for grade IX students. The slide show includes a brief description on the properties of elements in the periodic table, that shifts periodically, hence explaining the concept of periodicity. the main topics include Atomic Radii, Ionization energy, Electron affinity and Electronegativity.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
A very basic look at the dative covalent bond. It is normally met at CAPE, but recently has been introduced to students in form three. It is that form three occurrence which really prompted this piece of work
A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical compounds or substance . The bond may result from the electrostatic force of attraction between atoms with opposite charges, or through the sharing of electrons as in the covalent bonds........
Element# of protons# of neutrons# of electronsCarbon (atomic.pdfarjuncorner565
Element
# of protons
# of neutrons
# of electrons
Carbon (atomic # 6)
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Oxygen (atomic # 8)
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Hydrogen (atomic # 1)
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Nitrogen (atomic # 7)
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
How does the number of electrons affect how many bonds are formed by these atoms?
Define the following (see boxes on pp 31, 33)
Polar covalent bond
Non-polar covalent bond
Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
Amphipathic
Element
# of protons
# of neutrons
# of electrons
Carbon (atomic # 6)
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Oxygen (atomic # 8)
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Hydrogen (atomic # 1)
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Nitrogen (atomic # 7)
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Neutral atom:
Ion:
Isotope:
Solution
Element
# of protons
# of electrons
# of neutrons
Ion
Isotopes
Carbon
6
6
6
C+4 or C-4
Carbon-12 which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons and 6 electrons.
Carbon-14 which has 6 protons, 8 neutrons and 6 electrons.
Oxygen
8
8
8
Oxygen generally forms O-2. It has 6 electrons in the outermost orbit.
Three stable isotopes of oxygen are found- O-16,O17 and O-18.
Hydrogen
1
1
1
Hydrogen has a charge of +1.
Hydrogen has 3 stable isotopes – protium (1 proton and 1 electron), deuterium (1 proton, 1
electron and 1 neutron) and tritium (1 proton, 1 electron and 2 neutrons)
Nitrogen
7
7
7
Usually has the charge -3.
N-14 has odd number of protons and neutrons (7 each). N-15 has protons and 8 neutrons.
Carbon does not usually form an ion by loss or gain of 4 electrons. It shares its 4 electrons with 4
others to complete its orbit and forms a covalent bond.
Oxygen has 6 valence lectrons in its outermost shell, therefore it can form 2 bonds
Hydrogen atom has one valence electron in its outermost orbit. The maximum capacity of its
orbital is 2 electrons.
Nonpolar covalent bond
Non-polar covalent bond is formed when the atoms (with similar electron affinity) share
electrons equally. The electronegativity difference between the two bonded atoms is usually less
than 0.5. Examples – diatomic molecules H2 and N2.
Polar covalent bond
Polar covalent bond is formed when the electrons are not equally shared i.e. the atom with higher
electronegativity (affinity) pulls the electrons towards itself. The compound which is formed has
electrostatic potential and has the ability to form weak bonds with other polar molecules. The
electronegativity difference between bonded atoms is 0.5 to 1.9. Examples include water, ozone.
Ionic bond – the valence electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. The
metal lo.
The attractive force which holds various constituents (atom, ions, etc.) together and stabilizes them by the overall loss of energy is known as chemical bonding. Therefore, it can be understood that chemical compounds are reliant on the strength of the chemical bonds between its constituents; The stronger the bonding between the constituents, the more stable the resulting compound would be.
Introduction to Biology Lecture Chapter 2 Study Guide.pdfGeorgeYoung63
These notes are based on the Introduction to Biology 1: The Chemistry of Biology - Atoms, Molecules, and How They Support Life. I do apologize that some of it did not load correctly, but hopefully, your book will fill in those parts.
Stanley A Meyer Legacy Back up Secret Docs Save all Protect Spread print and give to schools NEVER STOP!!!!!!! Join Support here https://www.patreon.com/securesupplies/shop
Definition of gas
General properties of gas
Pharmaceutical gas
Pharmaceutical use of gas
Medicinal gas
Medical use of gas
A gas consist of molecules separated wide apart in empty space. The molecules are free to move about throughout the container.
Ayurvedic system
Branches of Ayurvedic
Theories of Ayurveda
Source. Internal medicine
2. Surgery
3. Ears, eyes, nose and throat
4. Pediatrics
5. Toxicology
6. Purification of the genetic organs
7. Health and Longevity
8. Spiritual Healing/Psychiatry
Standardization
G.M.P.
Quality control
1.Anemia
2.Classification of anemia
3.Causes of anemia
4.Symptoms
5.Haematinics
6.Haematinics preparation
7.Haematinics drugs in market
8.Plasma Expanders
9.Use of plasma expenders
10.Plasma Expanders drug in market
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Presantation co ordinate bond (2)
1.
2. PRESETED BY……………………………………………..
1.BISTI SAHA
ROLL-131010
2.SUPRIYA SAHA
ROLL-131006
3.ASRAFUL ISLAM
ROLL-131039
4.NAZMUS SAKIB
ROLL-131032
5.MUSHIUR RAHMAN
ROLL-131019
6.SHAHARUL ISLAM
ROLL-131011
Department of pharmacy
Jessore University Of science & Technology
3. 1.WHAT IS CO-ORDINATE BOND
2.CONDITION FOR THE FORMATION OF CO-
ORDINATE BOND
3. EXAMPLES OF CO-ORDINATE BOND
4.PROPERTIES OF CO-ORDINATE COMPOUNDS
4. A coordinate bond is a covalent bond formed between
two atoms in which the shared pair of electrons is
contributed by only one of the atoms. The atom
providing the electron pair is called the donor atom.
The atom which accepts the electron pair is called the
acceptor atom. A coordinate bond is denoted by an
arrow pointing towards the acceptor atom.
5. Condition for the formation of a
co-ordinate bond
1. The donar atom should have a lone pair electron.
2. The acceptor atom should have a vacant orbital to
accept the electron pair donated by donar.
6. Coordinate Covalent Bond Examples
1.Ammonium Ion Coordinate Bond
It is formed by the combination of the ammonia molecule and a hydrogen ion. In
ammonia, the nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons after completing its octet.
It donates this lone pair to the hydrogen ion.
Thus the nitrogen atom becomes the donor. The hydrogen atom becomes the
acceptor. The linkage between N and H atoms is called coordinate bond. It is
represented by an arrow →.
7. 2.Hydronium Ion Coordinate Bond
It is formed by the combination of water molecule and hydrogen ion.
•The oxygen atom in a water molecule has two lone pairs of
electrons.
•It donates one pair to the hydrogen ion.
•Oxygen is thus the donor and hydrogen ion, the acceptor.
•The hydrogen ion carries over its charge to the hydronium ion.
8. 1.Co-ordinate compounds have boiling & melting point
& viscosities . Which are higher than covalent
compounds.
2.These compounds are semi-polar in character .
3.These compounds are gases , liquids or solids .
4.These are usually insoluble in polar solvent like water
but soluble in non-polar solvent .
5.Co-ordinate compounds are also non-ionic .
6.They undergo molecular reaction which are slow.
7.Co-ordinate compounds are stable .
8.C0-ordinate compounds also show isomerism .