Revision clinical complete denture prosthodontics
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Complete denture construction is a revision lecture presented by Dr. Ali Hmud from the College of Dentistry at King Faisal University in Dammam. The lecture discusses the process of constructing complete dentures, which are removable dental prosthetics that replace all of the teeth in one jaw.
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done by : ( ABCD'S &G )
alaa ba-jafar
abrar alshahranii
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Centric relation is the most posterior position of the mandible in relation to the maxilla, from which lateral movements can be made. It is a reproducible position that serves as a reliable guide for developing occlusion in complete dentures. There are various methods for recording centric relation, including functional methods like the needle house method and excursive methods using intraoral or extraoral tracings. Establishing accurate centric relation is important for proper functioning, aesthetics, and comfort of complete dentures.
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1. A trial denture is prepared and disarticulated from the cast.
2. The cast and trial denture are invested in dental stone in a flask.
3. The wax is boiled out of the flask. Retention grooves are placed on the artificial teeth.
4. Acrylic resin is mixed, packed into the flask, cured, cooled, and deflasked to produce the final denture.
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This document discusses common problems that can occur with dental impressions and stone models, and their potential causes and solutions. It describes issues such as voids, tears or pulls in impressions that could result in poor fitting restorations. Specific problems covered include inhibited or slow setting impressions, lack of detail, voids or tears at margins, facial-lingual pulls, tray-tooth contact, delamination, poor bonding to trays, and discrepancies in stone models. For each problem, potential causes such as expiration, contamination, inadequate technique, or material incompatibility are identified along with recommended solutions.
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INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
TYPES OF TRAUMA FROM OCCLUSION
GLICKMAN CONCEPT
WAERHAUG CONCEPT
STAGES OF TISSUE RESPONSE TO INJURY
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF TFO
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TFO
TFO AND IMPLANTS
TREATMENT OF TFO
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
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A RPD derives support from two main sources periodontally sound natural teeth & residual alveolar processes and associated soft tissues.
A RPD that is supported by healthy natural teeth possesses adequate stability and retention to resist functional displacement.
However, a RPD that is not entirely bounded by natural teeth will move when a load is applied.
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The document discusses the posterior palatal seal, which provides retention for complete dentures through light pressure on the junction of the hard and soft palates. It describes the anatomy and functions of the posterior palatal seal, techniques for recording it such as the conventional and fluid wax methods, and troubleshooting issues like under or over extension. The posterior palatal seal is important for retaining dentures and reducing discomfort.
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The document discusses the history and procedures of surveying for removable partial dentures. It describes how surveying has evolved from being done by eye to using specialized surveyor instruments. It outlines the key parts and uses of surveyors, including orienting the cast, marking survey lines to identify contours and undercuts, measuring retention, and identifying interferences. The purpose of surveying is to determine the optimal path of insertion and locations for retention and support of a removable partial denture.
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This document discusses various methods for gaining space in orthodontic treatment, including proximal stripping, arch expansion, extraction, distalization of molars, uprighting tilted molars, derotation of posterior teeth, and proclination/flaring of anterior teeth. It provides details on techniques such as rapid maxillary expansion using devices like Hyrax or bonded expanders, extraction of first premolars, and distalization of molars using appliances like pendulum or Jones Jig. The document also covers indications, advantages, and disadvantages of different space gaining methods.
Jaw relation
1. Classification of jaw relations establishes orientation, vertical, and horizontal relations between the jaws. Orientation defines cranial references, vertical defines jaw separation, and horizontal defines front-back and side-to-side jaw positions.
2. Centric relation is a repeatable reference position important for recording jaw relations and developing occlusion. It is the starting point for mandibular movements and where opposing teeth contact without proprioceptive guidance.
3. Methods for recording centric relation include interocclusal records, graphic tracings, and functional methods to position the mandible at the correct vertical dimension. The record must be made with equal pressure and avoid distortion until casts are mounted.
Temporization in fixed prosthodontics
Temporization refers to provisional restorations used to establish esthetics, function, and occlusion prior to definitive treatment. Provisional restorations protect the pulp and support periodontal health during treatment. They also allow evaluation of esthetics, occlusion, and patient acceptance of the planned treatment outcome. Common materials for provisional restorations include polymethyl methacrylate resin and various composite resins. Provisionals must meet biological, mechanical, and esthetic requirements and be cemented securely yet removable when treatment is complete.
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Elastomeric impression materials include polysulfide, condensation silicone, addition silicone, and polyether rubbers. They set via polymerization reactions, with setting times of 8-12 minutes on average. Polysulfide and condensation silicone set via condensation reactions producing water or alcohol as byproducts, while addition silicone and polyether set via addition reactions without byproducts. Polysulfide has the highest detail reproduction but all materials exhibit some polymerization shrinkage. Materials are available in light, medium, heavy or putty consistencies for use with stock or custom trays. Proper manipulation is required for accurate impressions.
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Design and fabrication of complete dentures using cad
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Odontogenic Infection
Odontogenic infections are caused by oral bacteria and can spread locally or systemically if not properly treated. Clinical signs may include pain, swelling, erythema, pus formation and fever. Management involves identifying the source, administering antibiotics, and potentially incision and drainage for more severe cases. It is important to promptly treat all odontogenic infections to prevent complications like spread to deep facial spaces.
Odontogenic Tumors
This document discusses odontogenic tumors, specifically ameloblastoma. It provides details on the classification, clinical features, histologic features, treatment and prognosis of ameloblastoma. Key points include:
- Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor and occurs most often in the mandible. It is typically benign but locally invasive.
- Radiographically, it appears as a well-circumscribed radiolucent lesion that can be unilocular or multilocular.
- Treatment options range from curettage to marginal resection, with the goal of obtaining clear margins of at least 1cm. Wide excision is necessary in the maxilla due to risk of local invasion.
Maxillofacial injuries
The document discusses the assessment and management of maxillofacial injuries. It begins with the primary assessment of airway, breathing, circulation, disability and exposure. It then covers airway control and management, breathing issues and types of injuries that can cause inadequate ventilation. Circulation and hemorrhagic shock classification is reviewed. Neurological examination and secondary assessment of specific body regions is also outlined. The document focuses on fractures of the mandible, including epidemiology, classification, diagnosis using history, exam and radiographs, and various treatment modalities like closed/open reduction, internal fixation techniques including miniplates, and principles of fracture healing. Multiple case examples are provided to illustrate concepts.
Impacted teeth
1) Impacted wisdom teeth, or third molars, are teeth that fail to fully erupt into the oral cavity within the expected developmental time period. The document discusses various classification systems, imaging techniques, indications and contraindications for removal, complications, and risk factors.
2) Key factors in determining whether to remove an impacted third molar include its position, relationship to nearby structures like the inferior alveolar nerve, risk of pathology like cysts or tumors, and potential for complications. Removal risks include temporary or permanent nerve damage while retention risks include infection, cysts, and tooth/jaw fractures.
3) Preoperative imaging and a thorough risk assessment are important. Potential complications include pain, swelling
Odontogenic Cysts
The document discusses different types of cysts that can occur in the jaws.
It classifies cysts as either odontogenic or non-odontogenic, and lists examples of cysts that fall into each category such as dentigerous cysts, radicular cysts, nasopalatine cysts, and others.
It provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, radiographic appearance, and treatment of some of the more common odontogenic cysts like primordial cysts, dentigerous cysts, and radicular cysts.
Chronic gingivitis
Clinical features of gingivitis include:
1. The gingiva appears red, swollen, and bleeds easily when probed due to inflammatory cell infiltration and increased vascularity.
2. Interdental papillae become blunted and bulbous as they bulge out between teeth.
3. Histopathology shows inflammatory cell infiltration, ulceration of sulcular epithelium, edema, and fibrosis in long-standing cases.
Treatment involves thorough scaling, removing local irritants, improving plaque control, and oral hygiene instruction. The prognosis is generally excellent.
Plaque control
This document discusses methods for plaque control and oral hygiene instruction. It describes techniques for mechanical plaque removal including toothbrushing and flossing, as well as chemical plaque control using mouthwashes. Toothbrushing techniques like the Bass and Stillman methods are outlined. The goals of polishing teeth are discussed along with contraindications. Recommendations are provided for motivating and educating patients on proper plaque control methods.
8. hypotension & hypertension
This document summarizes drugs used to manage hypotension and hypertension. It discusses drugs that can be used to treat hypotension like norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and methoxamine, which are direct-acting alpha agonists that increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels. It also discusses various classes of drugs to treat hypertension, including ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, and vasodilators. Each drug class is explained in terms of its mechanism of action and examples are provided of commonly used drugs within each class. Adverse effects are also outlined for each drug class.
7. Adrenocorticosteriods
This Arabic document discusses mediation and delayed suppression. It likely talks about using mediation to delay or prevent suppression or censorship. The document focuses on finding alternatives to suppression through open discussion and compromise.
7.a. histamine & antihistaminics
Histamine is a biologically active amine released from mast cells and basophils in response to allergens and other stimuli, causing allergic reactions and lowering blood pressure. It binds to H1 and H2 receptors. H1 receptors mediate allergic symptoms, lowering blood pressure, bronchoconstriction, and gastric acid secretion. Antihistamines like chlorpheniramine and loratadine block H1 receptors, treating allergies, motion sickness, and insomnia with varying side effects. H2 receptor blockers like cimetidine and ranitidine inhibit gastric acid secretion, treating ulcers and reflux. Second generation antihistamines have fewer anticholinergic and sedative side
8 anticancer drugs
This document discusses various anticancer drugs, including their mechanisms of action, uses, and adverse effects. It covers cell cycle-specific drugs like methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil as well as cell cycle non-specific drugs like cyclophosphamide. It also discusses hormonal agents like tamoxifen, cytotoxic antibiotics like doxorubicin, and metal complexes like cisplatin. Common adverse effects of anticancer drugs include myelosuppression, nausea/vomiting, nephrotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity. Various approaches are used to manage chemotherapy-induced toxicities.
7 antibiotic-dental
This document discusses different classes of antibiotics including tetracyclines, quinolones, chloramphenicol, and others. It describes the antibiotics in each class, their mechanisms of action, spectra of activity, therapeutic uses, and common side effects. Tetracyclines work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and can cause tooth discoloration. Quinolones inhibit DNA gyrase in bacteria and are effective against many gram-negative organisms. Chloramphenicol is broadly effective but restricted due to toxicity risks like bone marrow depression and gray baby syndrome.
7.b. sedative hypnotics
This document discusses sedative-hypnotics and sleep disorders. It describes how sedatives calm a person without inducing sleep while hypnotics produce sleep resembling normal sleep. Various sleep disorders like insomnia, hypersomnia, and nocturnal enuresis are discussed. Benzodiazepines are commonly used sedative-hypnotics that work by potentiating GABA, while barbiturates have fallen out of favor due to their low therapeutic index and risk of dependence. Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics like zolpidem and zopiclone are newer alternatives.
6. peptic ulcer drugs 323
Peptic ulcer is a disruption of the stomach or duodenal lining caused by an imbalance between protective and aggressive factors such as excess stomach acid. Duodenal ulcers are more common than gastric ulcers. Treatment includes antacids to neutralize acid, H2 blockers like cimetidine and proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid production, and antibiotics to treat Helicobacter pylori infections which increase inflammation. Cimetidine works by blocking H2 receptors in the stomach to decrease acid secretion but can cause side effects like confusion with high doses or intravenous use.
6. anti drenergic
Adrenergic-blocking agents bind to adrenergic receptors but inhibit stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. They are classified by the type of receptor blocked: alpha1, alpha2, beta1-selective, or non-specific beta1 and beta2 blockers. Alpha1 blockers like prazosin and doxazocin are used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Beta blockers can be non-specific or beta1-selective. They are used to treat hypertension, angina, heart attacks, arrhythmias, migraines, and other conditions but have contraindications for congestive heart failure, heart block, and bronchial asthma. Common side effects include hypotension
6 beta lactum drugs dental
Beta lactam antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams contain a beta-lactam ring. They are bactericidal and work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Penicillins are further divided into narrow and extended spectrum types. Common side effects include hypersensitivity reactions and diarrhea. Beta lactamase inhibitors are often combined with antibiotics to overcome resistance from beta lactamase producing bacteria. Each class of beta lactam antibiotic has varying spectra of activity and therapeutic uses depending on whether they are effective against gram-positive, gram-negative, anaerobic, and multidrug resistant bacteria.
4.anti colinergic
Anticholinergic drugs work by competitively blocking acetylcholine from binding to muscarinic receptors. This results in various effects including mydriasis, cycloplegia, increased intraocular pressure, bronchodilation, decreased gastrointestinal motility and secretions, urinary retention, and inhibition of certain central nervous system functions. Anticholinergic drugs have therapeutic uses such as facilitating eye exams, treating conditions like heart block, motion sickness, and Parkinson's disease, and preventing side effects from anesthesia. However, they can cause adverse effects like dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and tachycardia.
5 aminoglycosides,macrolides, anti tb dental
This document discusses various classes of antibiotics including aminoglycosides, macrolides, and antitubercular drugs. It provides details on specific antibiotics within each class, including their mechanisms of action, uses, and adverse effects. It notes that aminoglycosides include gentamicin and tobramycin which can be used both locally and systemically. Macrolides discussed include erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin which bind the 50S ribosomal subunit. Common first-line antitubercular drugs are isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol which are used in combination for short course chemotherapy to rapidly kill tuberculosis organisms.
5. opioid analgesics
Opioids are analgesics that relieve pain by stimulating mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. Morphine is a naturally occurring opioid that is commonly used to treat severe acute pain such as that from burns, fractures, cancer, or myocardial infarction. Morphine acts by producing analgesia, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, and can lead to physical and psychological dependence with long term use. Adverse effects of morphine include vomiting, respiratory depression, constipation, itching, and the development of tolerance. Naloxone is used as an antidote for morphine overdose.
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