" Resource use efficiency in crops: “Green super rice” to increase water and nitrogen use efficiency of rice" presentation by Sibin Yu, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China

1. Green super rice to be resource
saving and environment friendly
Yu Sibin
Huazhong Agricultural University, China

2. Outline
 Constraints in crop production
 Rice production in China
 Concept and practices of Green
Super Rice
 Significance of Green Super Rice

3. The main constraints imposed on
crop production
3
Crop
Production
Climate Change
Environmental Impact
Population
Demand

4. Tester and Langridge, 2010, Science
from en.wikipedia.org, and chinadaily.com.cn
The global demand for crop production
4

5. Nature 2014, 514, S50–S51
Rice is the staple food
5

6. Rice production in China
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1949
15000
20000
25000area（m hm2）
Yield （kg/hm2）
1953
0
5000
10000
1957
1961
1965
1969
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1993
1997
2001
2005
2009
6

7. Main problems in rice production
 Severe damage of diseases
and pests, overuse pesticide
 High pressure of yield
increase, excessive use
fertilizer
 Water shortage, frequent
occurrence of drought
 Low efficient use water
 Quality and yield7

8. 5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0
1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005
75
95
115
135
155
175
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013
Pesticides
Fertilizers
Rice
Wheat
Maize
Fertilizers（millionton）
Pesticides（×10000ton）
Excessive application of pesticides and
fertilizers in China
Yield（ton/ha）
http://www.stats.gov.cn/
8

9. Water shortage and its efficient use
Rice consumes about 50% water of
agricultural production in China
9

10. Notion of Green Super Rice
 Less pesticides
 Less fertilizers
 Water saving and drought
resistance
 High yield and superior
quality
10

11. ►Adequate resistances to major diseases and
insects
►High efficiency in nutrient uptake and
utilization
►Resistance to drought and other abiotic
stresses
►Good grain quality
►Increased yield potential
Characteristics of green super rice
11

12. Super rice
Genes from
non-rice sourcesTransgenic
Marker-aided or
Genome-based
Traditional breeding
Genes from
rice germplasm
Green super rice
Strategies for the GSR development
12

13. Categories of the isolated genes
13

14. MR63(Xa21) MR63(CK)
Resistant to pests
Resistant to diseases
Good quality High yielding
efficient nutrient use
Green super rice
Drought tolerance
Slide from Zhang Q14
Pyramided desirable genes leads to GSR

15.  Bph3 is a cluster of three genes
encoding lectin receptor
kinases.
 Introgression of Bph3 into
susceptible rice varieties
significantly enhanced
resistance to both the brown
and the white back planthopper.
 These lectin kinase genes
function together to confer
broad-spectrum and durable
insect resistance
Liu et al 2014, Nat Biotechnol
15

16. 16
Han et al. 2015, Annu. Rev. Genet
Indica varieties show
higher nitrate uptake
than japonica

17. NRT1.1B introgression improves NUE
17
Deng et al. 2015, Nat Genet

18. dep1 DEP1
The dep1 allele increases N uptake
18
Sun et al. 2014, Nat Genet

19. Nature, 2012
19

20. 20
DEEPER ROOTING 1
(DRO1) increases rice yield
under drought conditions
Uga et al. 2013, Nat Genet

21. The GSR Project in China
Duration：2014-2018
Budget：21.1 million US$
Partner institutions: 27
5 themes: gene discovery,
breeding design, genomic
selection platform, develop and
disseminate GSR, crop
management.
The goal: to benefit billion
rice farmers and to boost
rice productivity by 8 % in
the target regions with 30%
less input.
21

22. 22

23. Large-scale demonstration of HHZ grown
under direct-seeded and low input conditions
Variety Treat
Output/ Productivity
input kg ¥-1
HHZ NN 1.97 0.68
LN 1.89 0.65
L input 2.14 0.74
YLY NN 1.63 0.63
LN 1.64 0.63
L input 1.69 0.65
23
From Dr. Peng SB

24. Drought resistance rice
varieties in farmers’ fields
24

25. 25
From Dr. Luo L

26. 26

27. Large-scale demonstration of green super rice
in Mozambique
27

28. Candijay (RVII)
Apolinar Asa
Bohol,WS2013
Climate Smart
GSR cultivar
GSR IR1-8-S6-S3-Y2
6. Drought:(18DAT-Flowering)
4. Submergence:4 days
5. Recovery
3.Salinity:4 DAT
2. Nursery:15d TPL
1. Land
7.Flowering
8.Harvest: 1.2t/ha
Obien et al 2013
91-24-14 kg NPK/ha
crop despite salinity,
ught combined
Saline area: flooded and drought (Candijay, Bohol)
Entry Name WS Yield (t/ha) DS Yield (t/ha)
GSR 1 0.49 6.16
GSR 5 1.06 2.90
GSR 5A No harvest 5.51
GSR 8 1.20 7.23
GSR 11 No harvest 4.85
GSR 12combined 1.34 7.11
Farmer’s adverse 0.21 n.a.
Farmer’s good 1.20 n.a.
other climate-induced stresses
aline area hit by floods and/or28

29. 50.3%
16%
20%
10 %
1%
Limit
Water
Overuse
nutrients
Rain-fed
Excess use
of pesticides,
fertilizers and
water
Ongoing GSR activities
 Determination of target-specific traits
 Integration of platforms
 Procedure of evaluating and releasing
GSR
 Establishment of efficient crop
management
 Capability building for GSR tech
29

30. Promotes resource use efficiency in rice
production.
A kind of varieties with green traits, also
efficient and environmental-friendly crop
management.
Needed for ecological intensification of crop
production system.
Influenced the prioritization of research
direction and changes in agricultural policies.
Significance of green super rice
30

31. Acknowledgement
GSR Network: HUA, CAAS, SAGC, IRRI, other collaborators
Funding: MOST, China; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation